Hi, Andrew:
A couple responses to your questions here up top:
1.) Sounds -- Usually it's some kind of audio file, not speech. You
might call it a boing, or a bleep, or whatever. In W3C we sometimes call
them sonicons, or even earcons (punning on a mispelling of icons as eye
cons). If you press TAB for TAB completion and get a "sound," instead of
the command or filename getting filled out, it's because there's more
than one possible completion. In that situation, you have to type a few
more chars. TAB completion can't finish the job until there's only one
answer.
Jumping to the browser question, it's an executable that runs only in
text in the terminal, so you execute it like any other command. Once in
the browser the commands are a bit different, but not so different that
it's hard. Down arrow takes you through links, for instance, in lynx the
cat,. We started saying lynx the cat, because there's another browser
that's a homonym, links the chain.
There are a couple of settings you need for your lynx configuration file
before it's easy to use with a screen reader. Absolutely you want the
setting called "Show_Cursor," and probably also "Links and form fields are
numbered." These can be typed on the command line when you start the browser,
but it's quicker to have them in your .lynxrc file to automatically take effect
every time you start lynx.
By the way, notice the rc at the 3end of that file name. There are lots
of these in starnix land. The rc stands for "run control," which rather
explains what these fiels to, they control how the application runs. The
period at the start of the filename indicates these are hidden files
that don't show up in an ls file list, unless you provide the -a flag to
also show hidden files.
Good job using the double greater than syntax to redirect output into a
file. That's smarter than the advice I gave you earlier this morning.
Here's how:
A single > will also redirect, but it will overwrite anything that's
already in that same filename.
The double >> syntax appends the output to the end of the file, so you
lose nothing that's already there.
So, it's safer to always do the >>, unless you know you really want to
overwrite the existing data in a particular filename.
Let me als encourage you to go ahead and try installing homebrew. It's
really not that hard, and you'll have a very useful tool when you're
done.
Also, on the budgeting calculator, don't worry too much about
understanding the how and why of the gawk line in the script. Yes,
that's the one that does all the work, and you'll want to know those
kinds of things eventually.
But, think of it this way -- One doesn't need to understand all the
engineering involved in making a car that will run and take people down
the Interstate in order to successfully drive across country. So,
similarly, you can look at these suggestions from the higher level and
just practice putting them into effect, without necessarily
understanding all the inner workings.
Of course, this being a computer thing, you have to trust the
source--that it's not going to do you damage. You don't just want to run
any old program you find somewhere. So, let me just assert that there's
nothing malicious in the code I posted, and stake my years of reputation
on various blind lists on that claim.
PS: awk and sed are extremely powerful tools that lie underneath a lot
of what some of the higher level tools like homebrew do. Get good at sed
and awk and you'll find employment on just those skills.
More soon!
Best,
Janina
'Andrew Lamanche' via MacVisionaries writes:
> Hi Janina,
>
> Just to report that I have just successfully put the info from ls -l command
> into a text file using redirection and the greater than > sign. It’s worked!
> How clever. So exciting! When you use in your description the verb
> “sound”, do you mean send/write content or result of the command into a file?
>
> I think I’d better leave the Homebrew and gawk alone. <smile>. I think you
> meant it for Simon, as he’s obviously very adept at cli already.
>
> I will have to go through your budget example very carefully a few times to
> attempt to understand exactly how it’s done. But it’s impressive as well.
>
> By the way, Janina, how does one run, say, a browser from the command
> line/terminal? It is probably a special browser and once you run it, do you
> access the info on the webpage in the usual way? I’m asking with trepidation
> aware of possibly sounding like a fool.
>
> Best
>
> Andrew
> > On 30 Mar 2020, at 09:40, 'Janina Sajka' via MacVisionaries
> > <macvisionaries@googlegroups.com> wrote:
> >
> > Simon, Andrew, All:
> >
> > Simon is correct. The correct switches will indeed allow you to write
> > the output of any command to a file. This works everywhere, because
> > everybody wants this kind of functionality--whether Mac, Windows, or
> > Linux/Unix.
> >
> > It's called redirection, and it goes one of two ways:
> >
> > Using the greater than symbol, namely '>' you send output somewhere.
> > Using my last example of the env command, here's a command that sounds
> > the output of env into a file:
> >
> > env > my_environment.txt
> >
> > The other direction reads input FROM somewhere.
> >
> > The symbol for this is the less than symbol, i.e. '<' and takes
> > whatever is in the file as input into the command.
> >
> > The uses of this second one are a bit harder for newbies to understand,
> > but trust me, you're going to love it.
> >
> > Here's a quick and dirty example. Unfortunately, you first have to get
> > the gawk command installed, as the script below uses gaw.
> >
> > If you have homebrew, the task is simple:
> >
> > homebrew install gawk
> >
> > Back to an example of indirection: Need to sum your monthly budget? Keep
> > your income and expenses in an ascii text file where the first word is a
> > number. Positive numbers are for income, and negative numbers for
> > expenses: eg.,
> >
> > 1000 weekly check from my boss for working too hard
> > -90 this months utility bill
> >
> > Need comments in your file? No problem. Any first word not a number is
> > just ignored, and you can temporarily even take numbers out of the
> > calculation by commenting them, e.g.:
> >
> > #70 cell phone service--just paid it
> >
> > Now create the following as a script file, meaning take this content and
> > make it executable:
> >
> > <cut here>
> > #!/bin/bash
> > gawk '{ sum += $1 }; END { print sum }'
> > <end script>
> >
> > Bingo, you've got a script in a file, meaning you've got a new command.
> > I call mine 'sumit' as in sum it. So, if my income and expenses are in a
> > file called budget.txt, I can simply do:
> >
> > sumit <budget.txt
> >
> > And hear I've got 910 left.
> >
> > Simon A Fogarty writes:
> >> Hi Andrew,
> >>
> >> Terminal should let you do what your after,
> >>
> >> With the listing of files and if you use the correct switchs you should
> >> be able to write the list of files and associated data to a file
> >> I know it's possible to do this in ms dos and power shell, so I would
> >> think linux etc would do the same thing.
> >>
> >> As for tab complete in the terminal,
> >>
> >> So long as you have the name correct to the point you hit the tab key then
> >> it should work for you.
> >> As long as there is a file or folder name with what your looking for.
> >>
> >> I use it when typing long commands like
> >> Sudo /Applications
> >> At the start of the creation of a bootable Usb flash drive.
> >>
> >> So as long as you have the name correct including any uppercase or symbols
> >> in the name then tab complete should be fine
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >> -----Original Message-----
> >> From: 'Andrew Lamanche' via MacVisionaries
> >> <macvisionaries@googlegroups.com>
> >> Sent: Monday, 30 March 2020 3:22 AM
> >> To: 'E.T.' via MacVisionaries <macvisionaries@googlegroups.com>
> >> Subject: A couple Terminal questions
> >>
> >> Hi,
> >>
> >> When working in Terminal and command line, is it possible to examine the
> >> window content with Voiceover? Say , ls -l command produces a list of
> >> files in the directory I am in. How can I examine each file and maybe
> >> even copy their names to clipboard or details about them if I were to use
> >> the -l flag, which would produce long information about each item.
> >>
> >> Secondly, reading a book on Command Line, one of the shortcut techniques
> >> the author teaches is to start typing the name of a directory to which one
> >> wishes to change and then pressing tab, which would result in Terminal
> >> completing the name or else giving a list of available names if there
> >> should be more than one. This doesn’t seem to work. When I press the
> >> tab, I hear the ominous bong bong. So this technique doesn’t work. Any
> >> thoughts on this?
> >>
> >> andrew
> >>
> >> --
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> >
> > --
> >
> > Janina Sajka
> >
> > Linux Foundation Fellow
> > Executive Chair, Accessibility Workgroup: http://a11y.org
> >
> > The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI)
> > Chair, Accessible Platform Architectures http://www.w3.org/wai/apa
> >
> > --
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> >
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--
Janina Sajka
Linux Foundation Fellow
Executive Chair, Accessibility Workgroup: http://a11y.org
The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI)
Chair, Accessible Platform Architectures http://www.w3.org/wai/apa
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