Subtitle: Zooming out can be hard work! Yes I'm doing this mostly for fun - but I promise I'll relate it to the purpose of the list a bit, apart of course from simply by replying to a message that was already here. :-)
I've been on this list for many years; but for a very long time I failed to keep up properly with it. Because of this and my method of handling mail, which involves collecting it in mailboxes to process as I can, I ended up with literally around 15,000 messages from this list that I had not read at one point. I then began, some here and there over years, to read newest and then successively older subjects and sometimes messages, as a means of emptying my mailbox without actually ignoring anything completely. Today happens to be the day I finally hit the bottom of the old message stack. Today is also the day I found this message I quote below, from March of 2018, on Graphene. Posted by a moderator, no less. :) So I thought I'd pause and examine where we came from, and where we went, with Graphene, and specifically from the point of view of users of Apple equipment. With the same disclaimer as I placed on my earlier sizeable post to this list of course: This is not my area of expertise. A brief timeline. Format one field per line: Year, title, URL, comments, blank line: 2011: No title No URL Researchers from Korea developed a transparent Graphene speaker. See the 2017 article below for this reference. 2014, four years before Mark's post: Graphene May Be Next Area of Innovation for Apple and Samsung https://www.macrumors.com/2014/05/15/graphene-apple-samsung/ Speculation, Apple quietly playing, many think much is possible but not much yet. 2017: Apple wants to use graphene membranes to enhance next-gen iPhone speakers or microphones https://www.graphene-info.com/apple-wants-use-graphene-membranes-enhance-next-gen-iphone-speakers-or-microphones Apple got a patent for it. 2021: Apple Working With U.S. Authorities on New Battery Coatings That Will Help Improve the Cells’ Performance https://wccftech.com/apple-us-government-new-battery-coatings-improved-performance/ Another patent, limited-area experimentation, grim forecast for massive improvements in general. Early this morning: Archer transfers biochip graphene sensor technology design to a commercial fab to verify scalability https://www.kake.com/story/49188923/archer-transfers-biochip-graphene-sensor-technology-design-to-a-commercial-fab-to-verify-scalability Actual production testing though not Apple-specific. My conclusions: Again totally not my area of expertise, but I conclude that 1. We still struggle to make graphene work except in very small spaces, 2. We are actually in the process of fixing this, and 3. We are likely to see huge events in this space within the next 5 to 10 years. I think this includes changes in Apple products. I only add that although we've seen over a decade of wildly wondrous speculation about positive uses of this substance, there are some significant dangers as well, both in how we make it and how we use it. I just hope, as always, that either we, or that which is over us, arrange that we reap more good than bad from what we have found. As to my initial subtitle: I find it challenging to get a good picture of even such a specific subject over a very long time. Difficult, but these days also extremely important in many cases. On Wed, Mar 14, 2018 at 03:11:34PM -0700, M. Taylor wrote: Want to charge your smartphone in 7 seconds? Look to graphene Graphene gets touted as a "wonder material" because of its unique properties. Here are five potential real-world uses. By Katie Collins, March 14, 2018 5:04 AM PDT Graphene is 200 times stronger than steel and lighter than paper and often referred to as a wonder material. But what can this substance actually do? Fortunately, graphene had a chance to shine at last month's Mobile World Congress trade show in Barcelona. Buried away at the furthest point from the entrance to the convention center was the Graphene Pavilion, where around 25 different graphene-based research projects, including robotics and wearables, were being shown off. In the coming years some of these applications will go commercial and we'll start to see graphene cropping up in phones, wearables and other technology. Graphene is a thin layer of pure carbon atoms tightly packed in a honeycomb structure. It isn't manufactured, but instead is extracted from graphite -- a process scientists only succeeded in developing in 2004. The result is a 2D substance that has a number of unusual and desirable traits, including being extraordinarily thin, strong and flexible. A graphene insole can be so thin as to make no discernible difference to a shoe wearer. Europe is where graphene was first isolated, and so convinced is the EU by its potential that it's the basis of the bloc's biggest research initiative. The billion-euro Graphene Flagship program, which hosted the Graphene Pavilion, is dedicated to finding ways in which the material can be brought to market. Here's how graphene may be used in the future. Smartphones Graphene may have been hidden away at the back of the show this time around, but in the coming years it could be responsible for some dramatic upgrades to phone technology. As well as being flexible enough to be incorporated into bendable phones in the form of antennas or touch displays, it also has enormous potential for improving batteries -- often our biggest gripe when it comes to our phones. Graphene can be built into the batteries themselves to improve energy storage and long-term performance, but it can also speed up energy transfer between a power source and battery exponentially. It acts as a sort of superhighway for charging, allowing energy to pass through it so quickly that researchers believe it can charge a phone in 7 seconds. So how long will this seemingly magical technology take to show up? A decade? Kari Hjelt, head of innovation for Graphene Flagship, said it would take as little as two years. "It's still a young material, so we're actually quite amazed how much it has developed in only 14 years," he said. "The thing with the graphene is that it works in so many fields and in fantastic ways, so we have really pick the ones that are the most promising for Europe and for business." Phone technology is one obvious use, and 5G network tech is another -- Ericsson used graphene in its own 5G demo at the show. But it's not the only area where the material can make a difference. Robotics One biomedical possibility for graphene is in the improvement of artificial limbs. By embedding graphene-based nerve sensors within the top of the limbs, a person is able to sense and respond to contractions and other movements in muscles. That helps them control the motion and force of a robotic limb. Artificial limbs have come a long way in recent years, but they could get even lighter and more responsive still. As well as being light and noninvasive, graphene responds quickly to pressure, ensuring natural movement and grip for the wearer. It could make future generations of prosthetics more comfortable and responsive than ever before. Food identification Due to graphene's ability to absorb light at almost every wavelength, it can detect ultraviolet, visible and infrared light with the same image sensor. A wide-spectrum graphene light camera can see details invisible to the human eye, and in the demo we saw could differentiate between three different types of milk -- rice, dairy and almond -- that all look the same. Graphene could improve food safety. In the future people, with food allergies could use their phone cameras to tell if food is safe for them to eat. Wearable tech Graphene is also very flexible, making it ideal for wearable technology. Researchers from the the Institute of Photonic Sciences in Spain have integrated graphene into UV patches attached to the skin like any Band-Aid might. The layer of graphene hidden inside is highly sensitive and can measure heart rate and blood oxygen over skin as well as UV exposure, providing a miniaturized system that can monitor your health. Graphene can be embedded in stick-on UV sensors. Graphene could also be added to smart shoes for benefits including sensing, cooling and strength. A graphene in-sole from the University of Cambridge can monitor pressure distribution for podiatry and athletic performance. New touch interfaces Layers of graphene are so thin, they're almost invisible to the human eye. At the Graphene Pavilion we saw it built into a seemingly transparent screen and used to control a toy car by touch. It's just one example of how touch interfaces of the future could be built into different materials like glass or fabric. Graphene could make new touch interfaces possible. "The possibilities of this material seem endless," said EU Commissioner Andrus Ansip in a blog post after visiting the pavilion. "I was particularly struck by how practical they are and how well geared towards the consumer." Original Article at: https://www.cnet.com/news/graphene-flagship-promises-faster-phone-charging-a t-mwc-2018/#ftag=CAD-09-10aai5b -- Doug Lee d...@dlee.org http://www.dlee.org "If you refuse to be made straight when you are green, you will not be made straight when you are dry." {African} -- The following information is important for all members of the Mac Visionaries list. If you have any questions or concerns about the running of this list, or if you feel that a member's post is inappropriate, please contact the owners or moderators directly rather than posting on the list itself. Your Mac Visionaries list moderator is Mark Taylor. You can reach mark at: mk...@ucla.edu and your owner is Cara Quinn - you can reach Cara at caraqu...@caraquinn.com The archives for this list can be searched at: http://www.mail-archive.com/macvisionaries@googlegroups.com/ --- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "MacVisionaries" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to macvisionaries+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/macvisionaries/20230713151209.37tiwgekken3gzuu%40dlee.org.
