I’m pleased to inform on the recent publication of the article "Population 
estimate and demographic trends of humpback whale Breeding Stock G in Ecuador: 
insights from 15 years of land-based monitoring"
Abstract
Population abundance and demographic trends of the humpback whale Breeding 
Stock G (BSG) were estimated from land-based monitoring at the Santa Elena 
Peninsula tip, Ecuador (2°11.35′S, 81°0.63′W). The study was conducted between 
May and December from 2010 to 2024. The effort included 3,479.5 hours of 
observation from a land station, during which 7,218 whale groups were recorded. 
Boat-based data were used to complement land-based observations. Humpback 
whales arrived in early May, and last observations occurred in December. The 
northbound migration peak occurred in late June. The observation rate increased 
from 0.699 whales per hour  in 2010 to 4.19 whales per hour in 2024, concordant 
with an increase in the population. Based on an estimated intrinsic population 
growth rate of 0.119, we estimated the population to be 27,864 (CI 95% 
26,354-29,293) whales in 2024. The calf production rate for the period was 
0.152. The average annual survival rate of the population was 0.956. The 
observed interannual variability on whale migration behavior was associated 
with El Niño Southern Oscillation  (ENSO). During strong El Niño years (2015 
and 2023), the calf production rate increased, likely because a portion of the 
population did not reach the breeding area, artificially inflating the rate. In 
the years following a strong El Niño (2016 and 2024), the calf production rate 
decreased, while the population increased considerably as females that did not 
reached the breeding area the previous year joined with pregnant females in the 
former year. This relationship between migration behavior and environmental 
conditions warrants further analysis, particularly in light of increasing ocean 
climate variability and its implications for population assessments.
Citation: Félix, F., & Haase, B. (2025). Population estimate and demographic 
trends of humpback whale Breeding Stock G in Ecuador: insights from 15 years of 
land-based monitoring. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Mammals, 20(2), 
122-135.
The article can be reach through this link: 
https://www.lajamjournal.org/index.php/lajam/article/view/1739/687
Fernando Félix

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