Kia ora MARMAM whānau,
On behalf of our hononga (partnership) I am very pleased to announce a new 
publication that weaves Māori Indigenous knowledge (mātauranga Māori) and 
conventional systematic surveys to develop a baseline on marine megafauna in Te 
Akau, New Zealand.
Our article is published in Ecology and Evolution’s special Issue – Indigenous 
Science and Practice, and we hope will be of interest to those interested in 
working across dual knowledge systems in marine mammal research.
The open access article and pdf can be found at 
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ece3.72558. Please reach out if you 
have any questions around the article. Full citation and abstract for the 
article is provided below.
Meri Kirihimete,
Tom Brough

Brough, T., Kereopa, H., Shirkey, T., Zaeschmar, J., Leunissen, E., Milner, D., 
& Chetham, J. (2025). Tere Tohorā, karanga tāngata: Weaving Māori knowledge 
with conventional science to characterise a biodiversity hotspot for marine 
megafauna in an area facing multiple anthropogenic impacts. Ecology and 
Evolution, 15, e72558. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.72558

ABSTRACT
Marine megafauna are important components of marine ecosystems and are of major 
significance to Indigenous communities,
including Maori. Despite being recognised as a biodiversity hotspot for 
megafauna, most locations in Aotearoa New Zealand
(NZ) do not have adequate information for the management of anthropogenic 
impacts on these taxa. Due to long-standing
Relationships with Maori, there is a wealth of matauranga Maori (Maori 
knowledge) on megafauna that may help fill key gaps. This
study, Tere Tohora Karanga Tangata, aims to address information gaps on marine 
megafauna within Te Akau/Bream Bay, on
the north-east of NZ's North Island. We utilise a wananga (shared learning) 
approach alongside conventional visual and acoustic
surveys to synthesise an accurate baseline of species occurrence, distribution, 
habitat use and site fidelity. Maori knowledge in a
variety of forms was gathered and simultaneously integrated into the survey 
design across seven vessel-based
field surveys. We calculate seasonal sighting rates and use species 
distribution models (SDM) to determine the distribution of commonly
occurring species and use photo-identification to investigate site fidelity of 
marine mammals. Both knowledge systems confirmed the importance
of Te Akau/Bream Bay for marine megafauna, reporting high diversity and 
abundance of marine mammal (8 species)
and seabird species (24 species) and high sighting rates of threatened taxa. 
While most species were encountered year-round,
sighting rates and predictions from SDMs highlight seasonal variability in the 
occurrence and distribution of most species.
Maori knowledge aligned closely with results from conventional scientific 
approaches in confirming the most common species
(common dolphin, Bryde's whale), seasonal habitat preferences, and, 
importantly, provided historical information on species that
have been extirpated from the study area. Combined, the two knowledge systems 
have generated a robust baseline on marine
megafauna that can be used to guide the management of these important species 
and showcase the advantages of utilising dual-knowledge
systems for characterising marine biodiversity.


Dr Tom Brough (he / him)
Marine Ecologist - Quantitative Modeller
+64-7-856-1735 +64-21-997-275
38 Harrow Street, Dunedin, New Zealand
Earth Sciences New Zealand
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