Bob, I apologize in advance for not understanding your argument, but I was curious to know what was the inherent contradiction between slave-labor and wage-labor in the capitalist world-economy. Your answer is that in the United States the contradiction was the Civil War. How is the Civil War a "contradiction." You also use the phrase, "That is a pretty big difference." What does this mean? A pretty big difference refers to what two (or more) things? Andy Thanks for the apology Andy. But let us not be coy. The gauntlet is thrown. Counterposed to your theory which underlies your question is the position that the first American revolution (the only for you?) solved this problem. Against this is the article which points out that the Civil War was the second American Revolution which did eliminate the slavocracy but hardly the central problem of blacks in America and their history and the unfinished problems which the northern bourgeoisie could not solve and used to not only lead the blacks into a position in modern society which is not slavery but racist to the core. The other problem they solved was creating a black proletariat despite the trade union bureaucracy which willl play a key role in any future revolutionary development in this country not only to comple the Civil War which was the second American revolution but to destroy the society which came out of the civil war. Key to understanding this is the article I sent to the list recently. Warm regards Bob Malecki --- from list [EMAIL PROTECTED] ---