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I would suggest you do your own research but I suspect you are just asking rhetorical questions, but in any case here's what I found with the help of Google. On Thu, Aug 15, 2013 at 7:56 PM, Daniel Rocha <danieldi...@gmail.com> wrote: > > Are companies from NATO countries in control of their oil? > Libya to Sweeten Terms for Foreign Oil Companies<http://www.libya-businessnews.com/2012/12/13/libya-to-sweeten-terms-for-foreign-oil-companies/> Posted on 13 December 2012. Tags: Abdulbari Alarusi (Al Arusi)<http://www.libya-businessnews.com/tag/abdulbari-alarusi-al-arusi/>, EPSA IV <http://www.libya-businessnews.com/tag/epsa-iv/>, EPSA V<http://www.libya-businessnews.com/tag/epsa-v/>, Oil Contracts <http://www.libya-businessnews.com/tag/oil-contracts/> Reuters reports that Libya plans to improve the terms for foreign oil companies ahead of its next licensing round, which could begin as early as the third quarter of 2013. OPEC member Libya has reserves of over 40 billion barrels,* but analysts have warned that some of the toughest terms in the business could act as a deterrent for companies*, some of which have yet to return after the 2011 civil war. Libya’s new Oil and Gas Minister, Dr. Abdulbari Alarusi [Al Arusi]<http://www.libya-businessnews.com/2012/11/05/profile-of-libyas-new-oil-gas-minister/>(pictured), has made it a top priority to consult with foreign oil firms on how to make the country more attractive: “*I’ve met different people from foreign companies, and they are complaining about EPSA IV (the last round of Exploration and Production Sharing Agreements), like Shell for instance. For EPSA V, there will be better conditions.* *“I would say August or maybe July we will start looking for bids.*“ Asked last week<http://www.libya-businessnews.com/2012/12/10/libya-may-seek-new-oil-bids/>whether Libya is likely to see another licensing round within the next 15 months, he said,* **“Could be, I am not sure, could be; it depends on the situation here in Libya*“. *(Source: Reuters)* Libya to Invite Bids for Oil Concessions<http://www.libya-businessnews.com/2013/03/16/libya-to-invite-bids-for-oil-concessions/> Posted on 16 March 2013. Tags: Abdulbari Alarusi (Al Arusi)<http://www.libya-businessnews.com/tag/abdulbari-alarusi-al-arusi/>, Oil Contracts <http://www.libya-businessnews.com/tag/oil-contracts/>, oil exports <http://www.libya-businessnews.com/tag/oil-exports/>, oil production<http://www.libya-businessnews.com/tag/oil-production/> *By John Lee.* Libyan Minister of Oil and Gas, Dr. Abdulbari Alarusi [Al Arusi]<http://www.libya-businessnews.com/2012/11/05/profile-of-libyas-new-oil-gas-minister/>(pictured), has told *AFP* that Libya plans to invite bids from foreign firms for oil concessions by the end of 2013. He said there was strong demand from oil majors wanting to work in Libya, which he described as “*a promising country with large surfaces which have not yet been explored, both on land and at sea.*” The Minister added that Tripoli plans to request a hike in its OPEC production quota, from the current level of 1.5 million barrels per day to 1.7 million bpd, and said that initial talks with the cartel have already started. “*Our priorities are, firstly, to maintain the current production level through regular maintenance and developing oilfields, and then security … There have been certain incidents but this happens all around the world. Overall, Libya is a secure country.*“ *(Source: AFP)* > Are their proletariat as conscious as Venezuela's since their murder is > 1/10 of theirs? Perhaps this a symptom shows how people are much more > oppressed then before when militias runs around threatening people for > random reasons to get money? > Venezuela has one of the highest murder rates in the world, 10 times Libya's mainly because there are so many criminal gangs running around threatening people for random reasons to get money. In Libya, the fascist state was overthrown less than 2 years ago, Venezuela has had a much longer post-revolutionary period to get its house in order. As to whether Libyans are "more oppressed then before", Ask any Libyan. These are some of the things that aren't happening any more: Ahmed went missing in Tripoli near the very beginning of the uprising. His family now believes that he was arrested on February 22 and taken to the notorious Adu Salim prison with many others. At the time they assumed he had been shot dead and disappeared by soldiers, mercenaries or one of Qaddafi's security services, like so many others. So when a member of one Qaddafi's revolutionary committees told Ahmed's father, *"We have your son, he is being held at Abu Salim prison. If your family does not come out to demonstrate on Friday you will never see your son again."*, they paid him no never-mind and an extended clan of around 50 adult males and family refused to attend the rally. A few hours after the rally Ahmed's still warm body was dumped outside the family home with two bullets in his head. Many other families received similar threats. *"We did not think it was possible that he (Ahmed) was still alive, we thought the guy was just making threats," *said Mohammed, Ahmed's uncle who was interview by AFP<http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iFPqknfbpI7tRiOkj6x18OeNyQgA?docId=CNG.d97d1583cba2c514095cbdcb58e788d5.381> . February 21st - Tripoli's Long Night<http://claysbeach.blogspot.com/2011/07/february-21st-tripoli-long-night_4518.html>Tripoli mortuary eyewitness<http://www.libyafeb17.com/2011/06/tripoli-mortuary-eyewitness-haunted-by-libya-deaths/>as reported by BBC June 16, 2011: Many young people went to protest in Green Square that day, and I believe almost no-one came back alive that night. Between 600 and 700 people were killed. I know this because I carried the bodies into my hospital. Each ambulance brought three or four dead people. And the ambulances just kept coming and going, like delivery vans dropping off goods. Every one of Tripoli’s ambulances – and we have a lot of them – was out on the roads, carrying dead bodies. They pulled off the patients’ oxygen masks, yanked off the wires connected to their monitors, pulled out the drips and tubes, and took them away” When the mortuary’s refrigerators were full, we placed the bodies on tables and stretchers, or left them on the floor. It was the same at the other hospitals. Col Gaddafi killed people who were demonstrating peacefully. I know this because I saw it myself. I saw men in military uniform in pick-ups, their faces covered, shooting at people. It was like a scene from a horror film. *‘Down with Gaddafi’ * I think Col Gaddafi’s forces were using anti-aircraft guns on people. The people had gunshot wounds to their heads or chests. The bullets had exploded and some of the people had their heads blown open. I tried to pick up the pieces. > Perhaps 349 political parties means 349 ways of funneling money towards > corrupt militias? > > > Libya's political parties > <http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2012/06/2012626224516206109.html> > A brief look at some of the main political forces competing in the July > 7 vote for the General National Congress. > Last Modified: 03 Jul 2012 19:53 > A total of 130 political entities have been formed, aimed at > offering the Libyan public a wide range of choices [EPA] > > During his 42-year rule, Muammar Gaddafi banned direct elections, calling > the process of democracy "bourgeois" and in essence "anti-democratic". > > In his infamous Green Book, in which he outlined his political philosophy, > he spurned political parties as forms of "dictatorship" and considered > anyone claiming the right to assembly a betrayal of his book. > > After Gaddafi's fall, a total of 130 political parties (or "political > entities", for lack of legislation that defines parties) were formed, > offering people a wide range of ideologies and political views for the July > 7 constituent elections. > > Many of the parties are very local in nature, representing only a certain > town or even just a neighbourhood. > > Only 10 of them have candidates across Libya's 13 constituencies, and > could therefore be seen as national political movements. > > Most of them have their fundamentals based on Islamic principles, > reflecting Libya's Islamic character. > > Below are six brief profiles of what are believed to > be influential political forces in the running for the 80 party list (out > of 200 total) seats in the constituent race for the General National > Congress. > *Justice and Development Party *[Hizb al Adala wal Tanmiya] > ** > > Though widely considered to be the political arm of the Muslim Brotherhood > in Libya, the party's leaders deny this. > > The Libyan branch of the Muslim Brotherhood was founded in 1949 but had > not been able to operate publicly during Gaddafi’s rule. > > Justice and Development was created in March this year and is led by > Mohamed Sowan, a former political prisoner under Gaddafi. > > The party is believed to be the country's most organised political force, > similar to the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood, and is expected to do well in > the elections. > > Justice and Development is campaigning on a wide array of issues, such as > the economy, reconciliation between different tribal groups, security and > the non-proliferation of arms. > > Mohamed Sowan, party leader: > > *"We look to build a democratic nation, a state of laws, and institutions > that is based on a constitution that ensures rights and freedoms, as well > as the peaceful transfer of power and the separation of authorities; a > state that is built on the Islamic identity of the Libyan people. Our party > is open for partnership and I confirm that it is administratively, > financially and independent from the Muslim Brotherhood as a group." * > > *Homeland Party *[Hizb al Watan] > ** > > The organisation was co-founded in April 2012 by Abdel Hakim Belhadj, the > former commander of the Libyan Islamic Fighting Group and the head of the > Tripoli Brigade. > > The party is endorsed by the influential Salafi cleric Ali Sallabi, a > long-time foe of Gaddafi, who was detained for eight years in the infamous > Abu Salim prison where Belhadj was also held and allegedly tortured. > > Al Watan is fielding 57 candidates over 17 lists and calls for "moderate" > Islamic democracy with a constitution based on Sharia law. > > According to Lamia Fatieh Abu Sidra, number one on the Al Watan list in > Benghazi, the party has a "national programme within an Islamic framework" > which sits naturally within Libya as an Islamic country. > > The Homeland Party campaigns heavily on security issues such as the > creation of a strong national army and protection of Libya’s borders. It > also supports decentralisation of power but strongly rejects federalism. > > Abdel Hakim Belhadj, co-founder: > > *"The election results will reflect the choice of the people. They will > choose the party that represents their goals. Libyans are Muslims and they > call for moderate Islam, so none of us poses a threat to anyone inside or > outside Libya." * > *National Forces Alliance *[Tahalof al Qiwa al Wataniya] > > Created in February 2012, the alliance presents itself as a liberal > movement and is believed to be the main liberal contender in the elections. > > The alliance includes about forty political organisations, hundreds of > NGOs and almost 300 independent figures from a wide spectrum of Libyan > society. > > Headed by Mahmoud Jibril, the former prime minister, the alliance calls > for the application of "moderate Islam" and "for the establishment of the > foundations of a democratic civil state". > > Jibril himself is not allowed to stand as a candidate because of his brief > participation in the interim government. > > By heading the alliance he merely establishes himself as a political > force, aiming to scoop up a high-placed position in the future government. > > Mahmoud Jibril, party leader: > > *"The motive behind the creation of this alliance is the integrity of > Libyan land, the shared interest of all Libyans to form their own > constitution … What we hope to do in this alliance is bring in all the > active national figures who represent a wide spectrum of political, > cultural and social backgrounds in the Libyan community." * > > *National Centrist Party *[Hizb al Tayyar al Watani al Wasati] > > Ali Terhouni, the founder of the party, and the former deputy prime > minister in charge of oil and finance in Jibril's interim cabinet, was > supposed to join his former boss in the Alliance of National Forces - but > split after a conflict about strategy. > > Like Jibril, Terhouni is also not allowed to run as a candidate because of > his participation in the interim government. He did, however, say his party > is willing to work together with the National Forces Alliance in a future > coalition. > > The National Centrist Party has candidates in more than 10 of Libya’s 13 > constituencies making it one of only 10 parties (out of 130) that are > nationwide. > > Like Jibril’s Alliance, Terhouni's National Centrist Party campaigns on > issues like a strong state and the strict rule of law. * > * > *National Front Party *[Al Jabha al Wataniya] > > The National Front was created in May 2012 out of the ranks of the > now-dissolved National Front for the Salvation of Libya, an armed > opposition movement against Gaddafi’s rule. > > The resistance group was established in 1981 by Muhamad Yousef > al-Magariaf, the former Libyan ambassador to India, and a household name in > Libya. > > In 1984, Magariaf led a group of fighters from the National Front for the > Salvation of Libya in a failed coup against Gaddafi by attacking his > compound in Tripoli. > > After the botched plot, many of the front’s members were arrested and some > of its leaders publicly executed. > > As the National Front is one of few parties that had already existed - in > exile, before the revolution - it is expected to gather enough support > during the July 7 vote to have substantial influence in the General > National Congress. > > The front is striving to be a broad political platform, presenting itself > as a liberal party, campaigning on issues such as decentralisation, human > rights, economy, national reconciliation and security. > > The group says it has offices in major towns and cities throughout Libya > but its main support base lies in the east of the country. > Why is dissing revolutions in such a non-chalant way as you have here such a favorite pass-time of arm-chair so-called Marxists today? That is my one question to you in reply. ________________________________________________ Send list submissions to: Marxism@greenhouse.economics.utah.edu Set your options at: http://greenhouse.economics.utah.edu/mailman/options/marxism/archive%40mail-archive.com
