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To Manuel's point, it's worth remembering that after the Kansas Free Staters had fought their border conflict in the 1850s to exclude slavery, they adopted a new state constitution that explicitly excluded blacks. This certainly didn't reflect the will of the more militant antislavery people, who just ignored it--and the Civil War made it a complete dead letter. However, it provides an insight into just how little that "practical" antislavery of most of the politicians meant in terms of race . . . not just in Oregon but on the front lines of the struggle . . . . ML _________________________________________________________ Full posting guidelines at: http://www.marxmail.org/sub.htm Set your options at: http://lists.csbs.utah.edu/options/marxism/archive%40mail-archive.com