How Zionism’s anti-Jewish logic led Israel to bomb an Iranian synagogue – 
Mondoweiss
Israel bombed Tehran's Rafi-Nia synagogue in the middle of the Jewish holiday 
of Passover. The attack revealed, to a shocking degree, Zionism's willingness 
to treat Jewish life as disposable in the service of its ideological project. 

The state of Israel and its propaganda machine (officially called “Hasbara”, 
Hebrew for “explanation”) has long claimed that Jews across the world are under 
existential threat from terrorists and antisemites emanating from the Muslim 
world and their “far-left” allies. This narrative asserts that Hamas, 
Hezbollah, and Iran hate Jews simply for being Jews; that they seek the 
destruction of all Jews; and that their opposition to the Israeli regime is 
driven by this anti-Jewish hatred. Hasbara further posits that Israel is the 
only guarantor of Jewish safety – and that without it, we are doomed to a 
repeat of the Nazi Holocaust.
Yet, in the name of Jewish safety, Zionists have colonized Palestine, 
ethnically cleansed and destroyed its population, and constructed a regime of 
apartheid to manage ever-shrinking bantustans in the West Bank. In the name of 
Jewish safety, Israel has annexed Palestinian land and, as part of its Greater 
Israel project, sought further expansion into Syria and Lebanon. In the name of 
Jewish safety, Israel has jailed over ten thousand Palestinian political 
prisoners, turned Gaza into a concentration camp, and has recently adopted a 
law applying the death penalty only to Palestinians, while Jewish murderers and 
rapists are defended, even celebrated, by its parliamentarians instead of 
punished. 
Finally, in the name of Jewish safety, Zionists have transformed the 
overwhelming majority of Jewish religious and cultural institutions into de 
facto embassies and propaganda arms of the Israeli state. 
Because it presents an obvious threat to the Zionist colonial project, the long 
and extraordinary history of Jewish anti-Zionism has been suppressed, with its 
proponents sidelined or ostracized.
Diverse Jewish cultures – from the Qırmızı Qəsəbə (Red Village) of Azerbaijan, 
to the mellahs and haras of North Africa, to the shtetls of Eastern Europe – 
have been supplanted by an increasingly homogenized and diminished Israeli 
colonial culture modelled on German “high culture”. Rich creolized languages 
such as Ladino, Krymchak, Kayliñña, Judeo-Arabic, Yevanic, Gruzinic, and 
Yiddish are now endangered or extinguished, eroded in part by the imposition of 
German-accented Hebrew in 1948 Palestine. Under this compulsion to conform, 
traditional cultural practices such as the shtetl badchan (wedding jester), 
Sephardic amulet-making, Yiddish theater, and Mekonenot mourning have also been 
eroded or erased.
Ethno-nationalism targets not only its external enemies. In attempting to 
manufacture a non-existent ethnos, it also seeks the dissolution of its 
perceived internal enemies. In this case, Zionism works to eliminate Jewish 
diversity in all its forms, especially that which directly challenges the 
Zionist project.

This is why anti–Zionist Jews (like me) are dismissed as “self-hating” and 
constantly have our Jewishness invalidated. The goal is to either force 
conformity through intimidation and fear, or to blackball us from Jewish 
institutions, events, and communities that Zionists want to ideologically 
“purify”.

This is also why many Zionists dismiss the Lemba of Limpopo – who see Africa as 
their homeland – as insufficiently Jewish.

And this is why Israel and the United States show little hesitation 
indiscriminately bombing Iran, even when this risks harming or killing the 
Kalimi Jews who have lived there for millennia.

The Kalimi community of Iran – now numbering around 15,000 – are Iranian Jews 
who refused to join the Zionist project of colonizing Palestine. Despite 
sustained efforts by Israel to encourage their emigration (their numbers once 
exceeded 100,000), this remaining community has insisted that Iran — not Israel 
— is their home.

This presents an profoundly uncomfortable contradiction for Zionism. On the one 
hand, it insists that Iranian Jews are oppressed by what it describes as “the 
most antisemitic regime on the plant.” On the other, it is confronted by a 
community that has forsaken Zionism and, by refusing to leave Iran, directly 
undermines narratives of Iranian antisemitism.

It comes as no surprise, then, to learn that Israel bombed the Rafi-Nia 
synagogue in Tehran on April 7, in the middle of the Jewish holiday of 
Passover. According to reports, confirmed by Israel, the entire building was 
reduced to rubble, with footage of the aftermath showing Jewish community 
leaders salvaging prayer scrolls from the debris while calling for unity 
against Israel. Iranian Jewish leaders, including former MP Siamak Moreh-Sedegh 
and the current MP Tehran Jewish Association leader Homayoun Sameyah 
Najafabadi, have publicly condemned Zionism and called for resistance to Israel 
and the United States. 

This is not to claim that Israel deliberately targeted the synagogue; Zionism’s 
internal opposition to diversity is probably not that crass. It is, however, to 
recognize a broader logic of Zionism. 

The use of the Hannibal Directive, including on October 7, 2023, and the 
prolonged and fanatical refusal to agree to a ceasefire and prisoner exchange, 
point to a pattern in which Jewish captives’ lives are subordinate to political 
objectives. Reports indicate that the Israeli army killed an unknown number of 
its own soldiers and civilians on 7 October and that many of the captives were 
killed in the months that followed by Israeli airstrikes, suffocation from 
bombings, and sniper fire.

That is to say, Israel has repeatedly demonstrated a willingness to treat 
Jewish life as disposable (and at times politically useful) in service of its 
ideological project. 

At a minimum, this logic renders Kalimi Jews acceptable collateral damage in 
Israel’s pursuit of regional dominance. In fact, the Israeli army has referred 
to the bombing of the synagogue as exactly that: “collateral damage”. As the 
“wrong” kind of Jews, their destruction is treated as scarcely worthy of 
concern.


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If antisemitism is understood, not as opposition to Zionism or its 
manifestation in Israeli apartheid, but as the systemic racial discrimination 
and hatred of Jews for being Jewish and the consequent devaluation of Jewish 
life, then how should we understand Israel’s bombing of the Rafi-Nia synagogue? 

If we recognize the long and important history of Jewish political, ethnic, and 
cultural diversity, if we accept that Jewishness is inherently heterogeneous, 
then any attack on that diversity must be understood as anti-Jewish.

Situated within the broader Zionist project that seeks to erase such diversity 
in the name of ethnonationalism, the bombing of Rafi-Nia begins to resemble a 
form of internal Jew-hatred which positions elite Zionist Jews against other 
Jews. In particular, against the traditional, non-Westernized, diaspora Jew.

Whether Israel set out to bomb the synagogue or not, it operates within a 
political logic that ranks Jewish lives, rendering such outcomes predictable, 
even tolerable. Zionism does not necessarily explicitly seek to harm Jews. 
Rather, it manufactures a hierarchy among Jews in which those who refuse to 
conform must either be assimilated or be expendable. Is the Rafi-Nia bombing, 
in some perverse way, not then a general expression of Zionist antisemitism 
against other Jews?
We must oppose Zionism first and foremost because of what it does to the 
Palestinians. But this is another reason to oppose it: because the very future 
of humanity, including Judaism itself, is at stake.Jared Sacks is an activist, 
writer and member of South African Jews for a Free Palestine




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