A broken ball pin will cause similar symptoms, accompanied by constant 
or intermitant knocking.  So will, alas, serious piston erosion, due to 
valve damage.

Occasionally one of these engines bends a rod, likely due to chunks of 
coked oil coming adrift in the intake (deposited by the EGR and dino 
oil).  Very rapid ovalization of the bore usually occurs (the rod 
always bends "crooked", leaving the piston cocked in the bore).  You 
will have excessive blowby, excessive oil consumption, smoke, and 
eventually (rather soon) a clanking piston.  May happen suddenly.  Will 
be obvious with a compression check.

I suppose a dead exhaust tappet could do the same thing, since the 
exhaust valve won't open properly.  Easy to check -- remove valve cover 
and use a screwdriver to push down on the tappets where they are not 
compressed by the cam lobes.  You will need to rotate the engine to 
check all of them.  If you can push them down, they are bad.  Usually 
clatter qutie a bit, though.

A failed vacuum pump will either lock up the engine, break the chain, 
or do absolutely nothing, depending on where the debris goes.  They 
exhaust into the crankcase on these engines, unlike the old diaphram 
types, so they cannot pump oil into the intake.

A stuck EGR produces rough idle, very poor performance, and incredible 
black smoke (as in the car behind is not visible).  Cannot be mistaken 
for anything else, the car will look like a squid trying to hide.

Peter


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