This is part of an article from USA Today.  See all of it at:

http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/techinnovations/2005-04-14-led-lighting_x.htm

Harry


LEDs have been around since the 60s, but have mostly been relegated to
showing the time in an alarm clock or the battery level of a video camera.

They haven't been used as sources of illumination because they, for a long
time, could not produce white light — only red, green and yellow. Nichia
Chemical of Japan changed that in 1993 when it started producing blue LEDs,
which combined with red and green produce white light, opening up a whole
new field for the technology.

And the industry has been quick to exploit it. LEDs are based on
semiconductor technology, just like computer processors, and are increasing
in brightness, energy efficiency and longevity in a way that's reminiscent
of the way each year's new crop of processors is faster and cheaper than
last year's.
Just this week, researchers at the Lighting Research Center at Rensselaer
Polytechnic Institute in Troy, N.Y., said they had boosted the light output
per watt of a white LED to almost six times that of an incandescent light
bulb, beating even a compact fluorescent bulb in efficiency.

The current generation of mass-produced white LEDs is not as effective. It's
about twice as good as a light bulb of the same wattage, but the energy
savings aren't enough to overcome the major drawback of being expensive.

"It's hard to convince consumers based on energy savings alone," said
Nadarajah Narendran, director of lighting research at Rensselaer. "If you
look at compact fluorescent lamps, they're four times as efficient as
incandescent lights, and how many homes have those? It's less than 5%
penetration."

But development is brisk, and the Department of Energy has estimated that
LED lighting could cut national energy consumption for lighting by 29% by
2025. The total savings on U.S. household electric bills until then would be
$125 billion
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