You can also loosen the IP bolts and use the adjuster screw on the  
side of the mount for small changes if that pump is the same as the  
one on the 603, allowing you to set it the way you want it without  
the tool.

Very likely it slipped one spline on the hub.  You may be able to set  
it without removing it (if you are lucky and there is enough rotation  
left).

You symptoms are exactly those of late timing -- white smoke and  
lousy performance cold at low rpm,, very very quiet running (no  
knock), and black smoke if you run it long enough to get it hot.   
Usually the smoke clears at higher rpm as the advance moves the  
timing up.

Over advanced timing will give you poor running, terrible injector  
knock, and serious smoke at high rpm as the engine goes way over  
advanced.  You can do quite a bit of damage this way!  Old Volvo  
Diesels are known for scrubbing the top of the cylinder wall out due  
to being driven too hard cold, they have a large amount of mechanical  
advance cold to help with starting and running.  Wind them up and  
they are probably 20 degrees fast, and the excessive combustion  
pressure from the fuel igniting well before TDC causes the rings to  
scrape the cylinder walls out.  This is compounded by the usual  
failure mode of the cold start device being getting stuck in the cold  
position.  Talk about smoke!

Peter


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