You can't use $d to ensure that constants don't appear in a formula. I
don't have all the context needed to understand why you need to do this,
but one way to express it would be to have a predicate "|- ^.-free A" and
have rules like "|- ( ^.-free A -> ( ^.-free B -> ^.-free ( A /\ B ) ) )"
for all formula constructors except for ^. . But this wouldn't really be
suitable for set.mm, it would have to be its own database because it would
require new axioms. (It's not that unusual to have alternative databases
for different logics, we already have about 10 such databases. set.mm is
just the biggest one since it represents "conventional" logic in some
sense.)

More likely, what you actually need here is some kind of modality like "A
always holds" or "A holds N steps in the future", and it commutes with most
operators but has special behavior around ^. .

On Sat, Feb 3, 2024 at 7:28 AM Brian Larson <[email protected]>
wrote:

> In the process of cleaning-up my theorems for possible addition to set.mm
> I found a fundamental inconsistency in the definition of my discrete time
> operator ^. which is defined in terms of my continuous time operator @.
>
> p@t says evaluate p at time t which is restricted to time the machine
> starts operation, t=0, to the present instant, t=now, when the software
> controlling the machine must decide what to do:
>
> $( Define domain of time ` TIME ` from ` t = 0 ` to ` now ` $)
> df-bl.time $a |- TIME = { x | ( x e. RR /\ 0 <_ x /\ x <_ now ) }  $.
>
> @ is used to declaratively specify machine timing behavior such as:
>
> invariant
>   << LRL: : --Lower Rate Limit
>     exists t~time  --there was a moment
>       in (now-lrl)..now   --within the previous LRL interval
>       that (n@t or p@t) >>  --with a pace or non-refractory sense
>
> which defines the fundamental effectiveness property of pacemakers
> treating bradycardia.   If the physician decides that the Lower Rate Limit
> should be 60 beats per minute, the LRL interval (lrl) will be 1 s.  Then
> LRL asserts that forever the pacemaker is operating, a heart beat will have
> occurred, either intrinsically, n@t or paced p@t.
>
> Naturally, ( p@t_1 ) @ t_2 <-> p@t_1.
>
> Works great for threads with sporadic dispatch protocols.  For periodic
> threads, a discrete temporal operator shifts time of evaluation by an
> integer number of thread periods.
>
> p^-3 means the value of p, three periods before now.  The discrete time
> operator is defined in terms of the continuous time operator for which $d A
> ^. $. caused the error.
>
>   ${
>   $d A ^. $.
> $( Time Shift Value (for ` ^. ` not in ` A ` )  $)
> df-bl.tsc $a |- ( ( A e. RR /\ B e. ZZ /\ D e. RR /\ ( now + ( D x. B ) )
> e. TIME ) ->
> ( A ^. B ) = ( A @ ( now + ( D x. B ) ) ) ) $.
>   $}
>
> This is to be applied only when no ^. are used to express A because
> composition of ^. add the time shift values:
>
> $( Distribute ` ^. ` over values $)
> df-bl.tsdisc $a |- ( ( A e. RR /\ B e. ZZ /\ C e. ZZ ) ->
>   ( ( A ^. B ) ^. C ) = ( A ^. ( B + C ) ) ) $.
>
> If I am the only person using df-bl.tsc (or its wff equivalent df-bl.ts) I
> can be sure to use them atomically . . . except all of the proofs of
> distribution have the same problem.
>
> The rigor of Metamath exposed a fundamental flaw in BLESS logic.
>
> I'm considering removing ^. from the language entirely and try to prove
> the periodic threads using only the continuous time operator.
>
>
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