Anurag,

I assume you are doing one GPA for the combined data and not combining the data 
after GPA has been performed separately on both subsets.  The latter surely 
could lead to the problem you describe.

I recommend, if you have not done so already, using the plotOutliers function.  
It will provide specimen numbers for outliers.  Then you can use 
plotRefToTarget, following the examples in the help file but with your data and 
the specific specimen numbers that concern you, so that you can get a visual 
idea of why these specimens are divergent in shape from the others.  You should 
be able to ascertain whether there was a procedural error (like flipping the 
order of two landmarks), digitizing bias (like one person tends to put 
landmarks more to the left, and another more to the right for vague anatomical 
points), or natural variation (maybe the specimens are just different).

There is nothing in the gpagen function  - or Generalize Procrustes analysis, 
in general - that would inherently introduce a bias to only certain 
configurations.

Good luck solving this!

Michael Collyer

Associate Professor
Biostatistics
Department of Biology
Western Kentucky University
1906 College Heights Blvd. #11080
Bowling Green, KY 42101-1080
Phone: 270-745-8765; Fax: 270-745-6856
Email: michael.coll...@wku.edu<mailto:michael.coll...@wku.edu>

On Jun 27, 2016, at 1:45 PM, Anurag Mishra 
<anuragmishra1...@gmail.com<mailto:anuragmishra1...@gmail.com>> wrote:

I had assigned landmarks to a group of specimen images (lizard heads) in tpsDIG 
and stored them as a .TPS file. I later wished to add a few more samples (of 
specimens from other locations, images photographed by others that were sent to 
me via mail) so I added the same landmarks in the same order and appended the 
new specimens to my existing .tps file.

However, after applying a Generalized Procrustes Analysis (gpagen function in 
Geomorph package), when I generate a PCA plot, I get the new samples as 
outliers. I am quite positive that the newly acquired specimens should not be 
so different from the data I already had. Is there anything I am doing wrong? 
To my understanding, the images being taken by different sources should not 
matter because gpagen function transforms all the landmarks orientations to 
represent only shape data.

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