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bzp2010 pushed a commit to branch bzp/feat-record-gw-instance-status-accurately
in repository https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf/apisix-ingress-controller.git

commit 2b44d330b3478bee6b62206572134e6d97df88b9
Author: bzp2010 <[email protected]>
AuthorDate: Fri Sep 4 00:08:12 2026 +0800

    docs: add troubleshooting
---
 docs/en/latest/reference/troubleshoot.md | 34 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 34 insertions(+)

diff --git a/docs/en/latest/reference/troubleshoot.md 
b/docs/en/latest/reference/troubleshoot.md
index 837ccbe2..926ec9f6 100644
--- a/docs/en/latest/reference/troubleshoot.md
+++ b/docs/en/latest/reference/troubleshoot.md
@@ -55,6 +55,40 @@ curl "http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/routes"; -H 
"X-API-KEY: ${ADMIN_API_KEY}
 
 For reference, see [Admin 
API](https://apisix.apache.org/docs/apisix/admin-api/).
 
+## Check Data Plane Instance Availability
+
+When running APISIX in standalone mode with more than one instance, a route 
can be reachable through some instances but not others, for example if one 
instance is unreachable or rejects the synchronized configuration. This is not 
reflected on the affected route's own status, since the route itself was valid; 
it shows up on the `GatewayProxy` that addresses those instances.
+
+Check the `DataPlaneAvailable` condition:
+
+```shell
+kubectl get gatewayproxy <gateway-proxy-name> -o yaml
+```
+
+```yaml
+status:
+  conditions:
+  - type: DataPlaneAvailable
+    status: "False"
+    reason: DataPlaneInstanceUnavailable
+    message: "1/3 gateway instance(s) failed to apply the last sync: 
http://apisix-2:9180: connection refused"
+```
+
+For the history of which specific instance failed and when, check the 
GatewayProxy's events:
+
+```shell
+kubectl describe gatewayproxy <gateway-proxy-name>
+```
+
+```
+Events:
+  Type     Reason                        Age   From             Message
+  ----     ------                        ----  ----             -------
+  Warning  DataPlaneInstanceUnavailable  8s    apisix-provider  
http://apisix-2:9180: connection refused
+```
+
+Each unreachable or rejecting instance is reported as its own `Warning` event, 
so instances failing for different reasons, or at different times, don't get 
folded into one message.
+
 ## Gateway API Routes Return 404
 
 Gateway API HTTPRoute or GRPCRoute resources may return `404` when the Gateway 
listener ports do not match the ports that APISIX actually listens on.

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