Copilot commented on code in PR #16071:
URL: https://github.com/apache/grails-core/pull/16071#discussion_r3685314754


##########
grails-benchmarks/build.gradle:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+/*
+ *  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ *  or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ *  distributed with this work for additional information
+ *  regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ *  to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ *  "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ *  with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ *  software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ *  "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ *  KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ *  specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ *  under the License.
+ */
+
+import org.gradle.api.file.DuplicatesStrategy
+import org.gradle.api.tasks.PathSensitivity
+
+import java.util.Properties
+import java.util.zip.ZipFile
+
+plugins {
+    id 'groovy'
+    id 'java-library'
+    id 'me.champeau.jmh' version '0.7.3'
+    id 'org.apache.grails.buildsrc.properties'
+    id 'org.apache.grails.buildsrc.compile'
+}
+
+version = projectVersion
+group = 'org.apache.grails'
+
+// This build-time-only benchmark harness is never published, so it 
deliberately omits
+// org.apache.grails.buildsrc.publish, org.apache.grails.buildsrc.sbom,
+// org.apache.grails.buildsrc.vulnerability-scan, 
org.apache.grails.gradle.grails-jacoco,
+// org.apache.grails.buildsrc.dependency-validator, and 
org.apache.grails.gradle.grails-code-style.
+// The latter remains omitted until existing JMH source import-order and 
fixture-formatting
+// violations can be remediated together.
+
+// The Groovy fixtures under src/main/groovy build the framework objects whose 
APIs are
+// closure-based (the URL mappings DSL, the Validateable trait, view 
templates). The JMH
+// benchmarks themselves live in src/jmh/java and only *call* those fixtures, 
so that the
+// measured code path is plain Java and does not include Groovy's dynamic 
dispatch.
+// me.champeau.jmh puts the main source set's output on the jmh compile 
classpath, which is
+// why the fixtures are in main rather than src/jmh/groovy: keeping the 
benchmarks in a pure
+// Java source set preserves normal JMH annotation processing.
+dependencies {
+    implementation platform(project(':grails-bom'))
+
+    implementation project(':grails-web-url-mappings')
+    implementation project(':grails-databinding-core')
+    implementation project(':grails-gsp-core')
+    implementation project(':grails-interceptors')
+    implementation project(':grails-views-gson')
+    implementation project(':grails-views-markup')
+    implementation project(':grails-core')
+    implementation 'org.apache.groovy:groovy'
+
+    // The framework modules declare these as compileOnly, so they are absent 
from the runtime
+    // classpath a benchmark actually executes on. The modules' own test 
suites add them back
+    // the same way. Without them, URL mapping, interceptor and view 
benchmarks fail at @Setup
+    // with NoClassDefFoundError: jakarta/servlet/ServletContext.
+    implementation 'jakarta.servlet:jakarta.servlet-api'
+    implementation 'org.springframework:spring-test'
+}
+
+// The jmh source set compiles and runs against everything main depends on.
+configurations.jmh.extendsFrom(configurations.implementation)
+
+// Every JMH knob the CI workflow needs to override is exposed as a Gradle 
property so that
+// .github/workflows/benchmark.yml can run a fast PR profile and a slower 
scheduled profile
+// from the same build. Defaults here are the quick local-development profile.
+jmh {
+    jmhVersion = '1.37'
+    includes = providers.gradleProperty('jmh.include')
+            .map { it.split(',') as List<String> }
+            .orElse(['.*'])
+            .get()
+    fork = providers.gradleProperty('jmh.forks').map { it as Integer 
}.orElse(1).get()
+    warmupIterations = providers.gradleProperty('jmh.warmupIterations').map { 
it as Integer }.orElse(1).get()
+    iterations = providers.gradleProperty('jmh.iterations').map { it as 
Integer }.orElse(1).get()
+    warmup = providers.gradleProperty('jmh.warmupTime').orElse('1s').get()
+    timeOnIteration = 
providers.gradleProperty('jmh.iterationTime').orElse('1s').get()
+    resultFormat = 
providers.gradleProperty('jmh.resultFormat').orElse('JSON').get()
+    // A benchmark that throws during @Setup is otherwise dropped from the 
results file while
+    // the build still reports success, which would silently shrink the 
comparison set.
+    failOnError = providers.gradleProperty('jmh.failOnError').map { 
it.toBoolean() }.orElse(true).get()
+    resultsFile = file(providers.gradleProperty('jmh.resultFile')
+            
.orElse(layout.buildDirectory.file('results/jmh/results.json').get().asFile.absolutePath)
+            .get())
+    // Comma-separated JMH profilers, e.g. -Pjmh.profilers=gc for allocation 
reporting.
+    profilers = providers.gradleProperty('jmh.profilers')
+            .map { it.split(',') as List<String> }
+            .orElse([])
+            .get()
+}
+
+def mergeJmhClasspathMetadata = tasks.register('mergeJmhClasspathMetadata') {
+        def mergedMetadataDirectory = 
layout.buildDirectory.dir('generated/jmh-classpath-metadata')
+        def lineMetadataPrefixes = ['META-INF/services/', 'META-INF/groovy/']
+        def extensionModuleSuffix = 
'org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.ExtensionModule'
+        def propertiesMetadataPaths = [
+                'META-INF/spring.factories',
+                'META-INF/spring.handlers',
+                'META-INF/spring.schemas'
+        ]
+
+        inputs.files(configurations.jmhRuntimeClasspath)
+                .withPropertyName('jmhRuntimeClasspath')
+                .withPathSensitivity(PathSensitivity.RELATIVE)
+        outputs.dir(mergedMetadataDirectory)
+        outputs.cacheIf { true }
+
+        doLast {
+            File outputDirectory = mergedMetadataDirectory.get().asFile
+            project.delete(outputDirectory)
+
+            Map<String, Set<String>> lineEntries = new TreeMap<>()
+            Map<String, Map<String, Set<String>>> extensionModuleEntries = new 
TreeMap<>()
+            Map<String, Map<String, Set<String>>> propertyEntries = new 
TreeMap<>()
+
+            configurations.jmhRuntimeClasspath.files
+                    .findAll { File artifact -> artifact.name.endsWith('.jar') 
}
+                    .sort { File artifact -> artifact.absolutePath }
+                    .each { File artifact ->
+                        new ZipFile(artifact).withCloseable { ZipFile zipFile 
->
+                            zipFile.entries().each { entry ->
+                                if (entry.directory) {
+                                    return
+                                }
+
+                                String path = entry.name
+                                if (path.endsWith(extensionModuleSuffix)) {
+                                    Properties properties = new Properties()
+                                    
zipFile.getInputStream(entry).withCloseable { input ->
+                                        properties.load(input)
+                                    }
+                                    Map<String, Set<String>> entries = 
extensionModuleEntries.computeIfAbsent(path) {
+                                        new TreeMap<>()
+                                    }
+                                    ['extensionClasses', 
'staticExtensionClasses'].each { String key ->
+                                        Set<String> values = 
entries.computeIfAbsent(key) { new TreeSet<>() }
+                                        properties.getProperty(key, 
'').split(',').each { String value ->
+                                            if (value) {
+                                                values.add(value.trim())
+                                            }
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                } else if (lineMetadataPrefixes.any { String 
prefix -> path.startsWith(prefix) }) {
+                                    Set<String> lines = 
lineEntries.computeIfAbsent(path) { new TreeSet<>() }
+                                    
zipFile.getInputStream(entry).getText('UTF-8').readLines().each { String line ->
+                                        if (line) {
+                                            lines.add(line)
+                                        }
+                                    }

Review Comment:
   `mergeJmhClasspathMetadata` reads ZIP entry streams via 
`zipFile.getInputStream(entry).getText(...)` without closing the stream. Over 
many JARs/entries this can leak file handles and slow/flake the build on some 
systems. Wrap the `InputStream` in `withCloseable` (as is already done for the 
Properties reads) so each entry stream is reliably closed.



##########
.github/workflows/benchmark.yml:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,404 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+name: "JMH Benchmark Comparison"
+
+# SECURITY: This workflow deliberately uses pull_request, never 
pull_request_target.
+# Pull requests run untrusted code, and Apache Infra policy forbids exposing 
tokens
+# to that code through a privileged pull_request_target workflow.
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    types: [opened, synchronize, reopened, labeled]
+    paths-ignore:
+      - '**/*.md'
+      - '**/*.adoc'
+      - 'grails-doc/**'
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event.pull_request.number || 
github.run_id }}
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  # Each shard builds both revisions before measuring either one on the same 
runner.
+  # Building first avoids CPU, IO, thermal, cache, and frequency state biasing 
a measurement.
+  # Shard a measures BASE then HEAD, while shard b measures HEAD then BASE.
+  # Alternating the order cancels first-versus-second ordering bias without 
doubling runtime.
+  # Both shards use the PR merge commit as HEAD, so they measure what would 
actually land.
+  # Results are advisory: a detected regression never fails this workflow.
+  benchmark:
+    name: "Paired JMH benchmarks (${{ matrix.shard }})"
+    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' || 
contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'performance') }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        shard: [a, b]
+    env:
+      BASE_SHA: ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha }}
+      HEAD_SHA: ${{ github.sha }}
+      JMH_INCLUDE: '.*'
+      PR_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number || 0 }}
+      REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+      RESULT_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/jmh-results/${{ matrix.shard }}
+      REPORT_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/jmh-reports/${{ matrix.shard }}
+      SHARD: ${{ matrix.shard }}
+    steps:
+      - name: "πŸ“₯ Checkout repository"
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # 
v6.0.2
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+      - name: "β˜•οΈ Setup JDK"
+        uses: actions/setup-java@be666c2fcd27ec809703dec50e508c2fdc7f6654 # 
v5.2.0
+        with:
+          distribution: liberica
+          java-version: 21
+      - name: "🐘 Setup Gradle"
+        uses: 
gradle/actions/setup-gradle@50e97c2cd7a37755bbfafc9c5b7cafaece252f6e # v6.1.0
+        with:
+          cache-provider: basic # 'basic' uses the MIT-licensed, open-source 
cache provider; the default 'enhanced' provider (v6+) is proprietary (Gradle 
commercial Terms of Use)
+          develocity-access-key: ${{ secrets.DEVELOCITY_ACCESS_KEY }}
+      - name: "🌳 Prepare paired worktrees"
+        run: |
+          WORKTREE_ROOT="$RUNNER_TEMP/jmh-worktrees/$SHARD"
+          mkdir -p "$WORKTREE_ROOT" "$RESULT_DIR" "$REPORT_DIR"
+          if [ -n "$BASE_SHA" ] && git cat-file -e "$BASE_SHA^{commit}" 
2>/dev/null; then
+            RESOLVED_BASE_SHA="$BASE_SHA"
+          elif RESOLVED_BASE_SHA="$(git merge-base "$HEAD_SHA^1" "$HEAD_SHA^2" 
2>/dev/null)"; then
+            echo "Configured base commit is unreachable; using merge-base 
$RESOLVED_BASE_SHA."
+          elif RESOLVED_BASE_SHA="$(git rev-parse "$HEAD_SHA^" 2>/dev/null)"; 
then
+            echo "Configured base commit is unreachable; using HEAD parent 
$RESOLVED_BASE_SHA."
+          else
+            RESOLVED_BASE_SHA=""
+            echo "No base commit could be resolved; comparison will use 
HEAD-only mode."
+          fi
+          git worktree add --detach "$WORKTREE_ROOT/head" "$HEAD_SHA"
+          {
+            printf 'HEAD_DIR=%s\n' "$WORKTREE_ROOT/head"
+            printf 'WORKTREE_ROOT=%s\n' "$WORKTREE_ROOT"
+          } >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+          if [ -n "$RESOLVED_BASE_SHA" ] && git worktree add --detach 
"$WORKTREE_ROOT/base" "$RESOLVED_BASE_SHA"; then
+            {
+              printf 'BASE_DIR=%s\n' "$WORKTREE_ROOT/base"
+              printf 'RESOLVED_BASE_SHA=%s\n' "$RESOLVED_BASE_SHA"
+            } >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+            echo "Using base commit $RESOLVED_BASE_SHA."
+          else
+            echo "BASE_BENCHMARKS_AVAILABLE=false" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+          fi
+      # Build both JMH jars before measuring either revision. Builds are CPU- 
and IO-heavy,
+      # so building and measuring one revision at a time would bias results 
with different
+      # thermal, cache, and CPU-frequency state on the shared runner.
+      - name: "πŸ”¨ Build paired JMH jars"
+        timeout-minutes: 60
+        run: |
+          base_build_ok=false
+          head_build_ok=false
+          if [ "${BASE_BENCHMARKS_AVAILABLE:-true}" = "true" ] && [ -f 
"$BASE_DIR/grails-benchmarks/build.gradle" ]; then
+            if (
+              cd "$BASE_DIR"
+              ./gradlew :grails-benchmarks:jmhJar --max-workers=4
+            ); then
+              base_build_ok=true
+              echo "Built base benchmark at $RESOLVED_BASE_SHA."
+            else
+              echo "BASE benchmark JAR build failed."
+            fi
+          else
+            echo "BASE does not contain grails-benchmarks; comparison will use 
HEAD-only mode."
+          fi
+          if (
+            cd "$HEAD_DIR"
+            ./gradlew :grails-benchmarks:jmhJar --max-workers=4
+          ); then
+            head_build_ok=true
+            echo "Built HEAD benchmark at $HEAD_SHA."
+          else
+            echo "HEAD benchmark JAR build failed."
+          fi
+          {
+            printf 'BASE_BUILD_OK=%s\n' "$base_build_ok"
+            printf 'HEAD_BUILD_OK=%s\n' "$head_build_ok"
+          } >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+      # Two forks, three warmup iterations, and five measurement iterations 
balance PR latency
+      # against confidence. Reversing shard order cancels first-versus-second 
runner-state bias.
+      - name: "🌑️ Run paired JMH benchmarks"
+        timeout-minutes: 60
+        run: |
+          # JMH writes results incrementally, so a run that dies partway can 
leave a file that
+          # parses perfectly while describing only some of the benchmarks. The 
report job decides
+          # completeness from which files exist, so a partial file would be 
indistinguishable from
+          # a good one. Write to a staging path and publish it only on 
success, so a failed run
+          # leaves NO file rather than a plausible one.
+          run_benchmark() {
+            local revision_dir="$1"
+            local result_file="$2"
+            local staging_file="$result_file.partial"
+            rm -f "$staging_file" "$result_file"
+            if (
+              cd "$revision_dir" && ./gradlew :grails-benchmarks:jmh \
+                -Pjmh.include="$JMH_INCLUDE" \
+                -Pjmh.forks=2 \
+                -Pjmh.warmupIterations=3 \
+                -Pjmh.iterations=5 \
+                -Pjmh.resultFile="$staging_file" \
+                -Pjmh.profilers=gc \
+                --max-workers=4
+            ) && [ -s "$staging_file" ] && mv "$staging_file" "$result_file"; 
then
+              return 0
+            fi
+            rm -f "$staging_file"
+            return 1
+          }
+
+          base_run_failed=false
+          head_run_failed=false
+          run_base_benchmark() {
+            if [ "${BASE_BUILD_OK:-false}" != "true" ]; then
+              echo "BASE benchmark execution skipped because its JAR was not 
built."
+            elif ! run_benchmark "$BASE_DIR" "$RESULT_DIR/base.json"; then
+              base_run_failed=true
+              echo "BASE benchmark execution failed."
+            fi
+          }
+          run_head_benchmark() {
+            if [ "${HEAD_BUILD_OK:-false}" != "true" ]; then
+              echo "HEAD benchmark execution skipped because its JAR was not 
built."
+            elif ! run_benchmark "$HEAD_DIR" "$RESULT_DIR/head.json"; then
+              head_run_failed=true
+              echo "HEAD benchmark execution failed."
+            fi
+          }
+
+          if [ "$SHARD" = "a" ]; then
+            run_base_benchmark
+            run_head_benchmark
+          else
+            run_head_benchmark
+            run_base_benchmark
+          fi
+          {
+            printf 'BASE_RUN_FAILED=%s\n' "$base_run_failed"
+            printf 'HEAD_RUN_FAILED=%s\n' "$head_run_failed"
+          } >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+      # The comparison is advisory. jmh_compare.py exits successfully for 
regressions, and this
+      # step is non-blocking even if results are incomplete because a 
benchmark execution failed.
+      # No --pr-number is passed here on purpose: this job renders the report 
only. The separate
+      # report job owns comment posting, so a two-shard matrix cannot produce 
duplicate comments.
+      - name: "πŸ“Š Compare JMH results"
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: |
+          report_file="$REPORT_DIR/comparison.md"
+          {
+            printf '### JMH shard `%s`\n\n' "$SHARD"
+            if [ "${BASE_RUN_FAILED:-false}" = "true" ]; then
+              printf 'BASE benchmark execution failed.\n\n'
+            fi
+            if [ "${BASE_BUILD_OK:-false}" != "true" ]; then
+              printf 'BASE benchmark JAR was not built.\n\n'
+            fi
+            if [ "${HEAD_RUN_FAILED:-false}" = "true" ]; then
+              printf 'HEAD benchmark execution failed.\n\n'
+            fi
+            if [ "${HEAD_BUILD_OK:-false}" != "true" ]; then
+              printf 'HEAD benchmark JAR was not built.\n\n'
+            fi
+          } > "$report_file"
+          if [ ! -f "$RESULT_DIR/head.json" ]; then
+            printf 'HEAD benchmark result was not produced.\n' >> 
"$report_file"
+          elif [ "${BASE_BUILD_OK:-false}" = "true" ] && [ -f 
"$RESULT_DIR/base.json" ]; then
+            python3 .github/scripts/jmh_compare.py --head 
"$RESULT_DIR/head.json" --base "$RESULT_DIR/base.json" >> "$report_file"
+          else
+            python3 .github/scripts/jmh_compare.py --head 
"$RESULT_DIR/head.json" >> "$report_file"
+          fi

Review Comment:
   The new `jmh_compare.py` unit tests aren’t executed anywhere in CI, so 
regressions in the reporting logic can land unnoticed. Since this step already 
invokes the script, consider running the stdlib `test_jmh_compare.py` right 
before generating the shard report.



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