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https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/GROOVY-12316?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:all-tabpanel
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Paul King resolved GROOVY-12316.
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    Fix Version/s: 6.0.0-beta-4
                   5.1.2
       Resolution: Fixed

> groovy.antlr4.cache.threshold silently disables pressure-based DFA clearing
> ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
>                 Key: GROOVY-12316
>                 URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/GROOVY-12316
>             Project: Groovy
>          Issue Type: Improvement
>            Reporter: Paul King
>            Assignee: Paul King
>            Priority: Major
>             Fix For: 6.0.0-beta-4, 5.1.2
>
>
> h2. Problem
> {{AtnManager}} has two mechanisms for dropping the shared parser DFA cache, 
> but they are mutually exclusive rather than composable:
> * a *GC canary* — the softly referenced {{AtnWrapper}}. Its collection 
> signals memory pressure, so the cache is dropped when the next parse observes 
> the cleared reference.
> * a *parse counter* — clears every {{groovy.antlr4.cache.threshold}} parses.
> {{isSmartCleanupEnabled()}} is defined as {{DFA_CACHE_THRESHOLD == 0}}, and 
> the canary clear is guarded by {{shouldClearDfaCache() && 
> isSmartCleanupEnabled()}}. Setting *any* positive threshold therefore 
> switches the canary off.
> Since the threshold is the documented knob for bounding DFA cache growth, a 
> user reaching for it to reduce memory use silently removes the only mechanism 
> that responds to actual memory pressure — and can end up worse off than 
> before.
> This was hit in practice: a user chasing an OOM on 5.1.1 under Maven at 
> {{-Xmx128m}} set {{-Dgroovy.antlr4.cache.threshold=200}} as a mitigation, 
> which made *5.1.0* start OOMing too, because it disabled the valve that had 
> been keeping it alive.
> h2. Reproduction
> In a forked JVM with {{-Dgroovy.antlr4.cache.threshold=25}}, parse 12 sources 
> (fewer than the threshold, so the counter cannot fire), force the JVM to 
> clear soft references, then parse once more and count live states in 
> {{GroovyParser._ATN.decisionToDFA}}:
> || || DFA states populated || after soft refs cleared ||
> | current | 478 | 486 — not reclaimed |
> | composed | 478 | drops — reclaimed by the canary |
> h2. Fix
> Derive two independent switches from the raw property instead of overloading 
> one:
> {code:java}
> GC_CANARY_ENABLED   = gcCanaryEnabled(t);    // t >= 0
> DFA_CACHE_THRESHOLD = counterThreshold(t);   // max(t, 0)
> {code}
> The canary clear is then guarded by {{GC_CANARY_ENABLED}} and the parse 
> counter by {{isThresholdCleanupEnabled()}}, so both can be active at once.
> || threshold || before || after ||
> | {{0}} (default) | canary on, counter off | unchanged |
> | {{> 0}} | canary *off*, counter on | canary *on*, counter on |
> | {{< 0}} | never clear | unchanged (never clear) |
> Behaviour changes only in the {{> 0}} case. The negative value remains the 
> explicit "never clear" escape hatch — it now switches off both mechanisms, 
> since "canary on" is no longer implied by a zero threshold.
> h2. Notes
> * The default configuration is unchanged, so this carries no throughput cost 
> for users who do not set the property.
> * This makes the knob usable; it does not on its own close the 5.1.1 memory 
> regression. At the default the canary is still only observed on the parse 
> path, so under a tight heap the cache can go unreclaimed until an OOM that 
> arrives mid-parse. Closing that needs either a non-zero default threshold or 
> holding the DFA cache softly in the ANTLR runtime.



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