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https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/GROOVY-7428?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:comment-tabpanel&focusedCommentId=14578823#comment-14578823
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Jochen Theodorou commented on GROOVY-7428:
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I too think that it behaves like that in Scala, because it is not a `native`
operator. If plus/mul wouldn't be native then something like `2+3*4` and
`3*4+2` would also not give the same results, since the compiler is forced to
give it a fixed order , and the order has nothing to do with mathematical
rules. As for Excel... well... I think we can ignore that one ;)
> Change precedence priority of ** compared to pre/post inc/dec and unary
> plus/minus
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Key: GROOVY-7428
> URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/GROOVY-7428
> Project: Groovy
> Issue Type: Improvement
> Reporter: Paul King
> Assignee: Paul King
> Labels: breaking
> Fix For: 2.5.0-beta-1
>
>
> Currently the precedence order is:
> {noformat}
> level 1: post inc/dec
> level 2: power
> level 3: pre inc/dec
> {noformat}
> The original intention, I believe, was always:
> {noformat}
> level 1: post inc/dec
> level 2: pre inc/dec
> level 3: power
> {noformat}
> This leads to some unintuitive behavior:
> while these are the same:
> {code}
> println (-9 + 2) // -7
> println ((-9) + 2) // -7
> {code}
> these are different:
> {code}
> println (-9 ** 2) // -81 actually: println (-(9 ** 2))
> println ((-9) ** 2) // 81
> {code}
> Similar anomalies occur between {{**}} and {{++}}/{{--}}
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