Sent from my Verizon Wireless Droid
-----Original message-----
From: geneseebirds-l-requ...@geneseo.edu
To: geneseebird...@geneseo.edu
Sent: Sat, Mar 9, 2013 01:59:41 GMT+00:00
Subject: GeneseeBirds-L Digest, Vol 116, Issue 16
Send GeneseeBirds-L mailing list submissions to
geneseebird...@geneseo.edu
To subscribe or unsubscribe via the World Wide Web, visit
https://mail.geneseo.edu/mailman/listinfo/geneseebirds-l
or, via email, send a message with subject or body 'help' to
geneseebirds-l-requ...@geneseo.edu
You can reach the person managing the list at
geneseebirds-l-ow...@geneseo.edu
When replying, please edit your Subject line so it is more specific
than "Re: Contents of GeneseeBirds-L digest..."
Today's Topics:
1. South End of Irondequoit Bay - March 8th (Steve Taylor)
2. Re: salmonella poisoning (Wild Birds Unlimited)
3. Salmonellosis (David Prill)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Message: 1
Date: Fri, 8 Mar 2013 19:48:41 -0500
From: Steve Taylor <steve...@rochester.rr.com>
To: geneseebird...@geneseo.edu
Subject: [GeneseeBirds-L] South End of Irondequoit Bay - March 8th
Message-ID: <20130309004841.ZAXAF.105246.root@hrndva-web10-z02>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8
I studied the congregation of gulls at the south end of Irondequoit Bay this
afternoon between 3:00 and 4:30 PM. The lighting was excellent with the
late afternoon sun.
There were probably 2,000+ gulls spread out from the southeastern corner
near Bazil restaurant to Sutter's Marine on the western shore, resting on
the ice and feeding in the open water.
Great Black Backed Gull: over 150 split about evenly between full adults
and various immature stages. The adults were stunning in the bright
sunshine; most appeared to be in full breeding plumage.
Glaucous Gull: 3. There were two very white immature birds between the
first and second cycles, with black-tipped pink bills. One bird's black tip
was about 25% of the length of the bill; the other's black tip was about 33%
of the length of the bill. The third bird was an almost-adult that looked
to be exiting the third cycle and entering full adult-hood. It was
immaculately white about the head, but its bill did not have a red gonys
spot; instead there was just a slight hint of a black ring around the bill
about one-quarter of the way from the tip.
Thayer's Gull: 1. This bird was a full adult, in breeding plumage. It was
noticeably smaller than the Herring gulls standing near it; about midway in
size between the Ring Billed and Herring gulls. It had an immaculate white
head - no streaking at all. Its overall aura was of a much daintier bird
than the Herrings. Its legs were very pink in the bright sunshine. Its
yellow bill had a very small red gonys spot; much smaller than the spots on
the Herring gulls' bills, and almost hard to discern if the bird did not
have its head at the right angle to my view through the scope.
Steve Taylor
Pittsford, NY
------------------------------
Message: 2
Date: Fri, 08 Mar 2013 20:06:59 -0500
From: Wild Birds Unlimited <wbubl...@verizon.net>
To: geneseebird...@geneseo.edu
Subject: Re: [GeneseeBirds-L] salmonella poisoning
Message-ID: <513a8b33.3050...@verizon.net>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=windows-1252; format=flowed
We (Wild Birds Unlimited owners) have been made aware of Salmonella in
Siskins and Redpolls since early Jan.
Below are many articles on the subject. This is long, but worth reading
to the end.
Here is what was said by a new Wild Birds Unlimited store owner. Please
note his credentials under his name:
"I wanted to share some information about sick or dying Pine Siskins. I
am new to this list as I, along with my wife Barbara and a good friend,
Becky Uhler, are in the process of opening our new Wild Birds Unlimited
store here in Eugene, Oregon. I have taught Ornithology in the biology
Department of the University of Oregon for over 30 years and I also
often respond to questions asked on a listserv of birders in Oregon
(OBOL, Oregon Birders OnLine). Questions concerning sick Pine Siskins
come up every couple of years. Here is my response to one person who
felt like she must be doing something wrong and wondered if she should
stop feeding for awhile. ---
The usual cause of sick and dying Pine Siskins is Salmonella bacteria.
There are two primary species of the Salmonella bacteria that often
infect birds, but these are subdivided into over 2,300 variants and to
make matters more confusing, some of these variants are sometimes
referred to as if they were a separate species. Thus, Salmonella
enterica typhimurium (a common type of fowl typhoid) is often simply
called S. typhimurium. This can be confusing when trying to find
information online about Salmonella.
One of the two species (S. pulorum) most often infects waterfowl and
grouse, and most frequently, domestic fowl. The other species (S.
enterica and its many strains) is what infects many wild birds (and
people). Different species of birds can react differently to infections
of Salmonella. One study on Herring Gulls showed they passed out the
bacteria in their feces, but showed no physical symptoms at all. Some
kinds of birds show mild lethargy for a day or so, but little else. On
the other end of the spectrum are Pine Siskins who seem to be more
susceptible than any other species. I don't know the physiological
reasons for such differences, (or if they are even known) but it seems
to be the case that Pine Siskins have a much higher mortality rate from
this disease.
A friend of mine who has an international reputation among wildlife
rehabilitators and has over 30 years of experience, tells me that she
has never successfully been able to save a Pine Siskin that has been
infected with Salmonella. They always die before any treatment has time
to work. It is distressing to see them come to feeders being sick and
dying. We have had many sick siskins at our feeders this year as well.
These kinds of outbreaks of Salmonella are more common in the west than
in the east, but I don't know why, as conditions are not that different.
Salmonella as a disease in birds, is relatively rare in the wild, but
outbreaks do occur from time to time and then we often see the evidence
at our feeders. Many birds with mild infections can carry the disease
without showing any symptoms and simply pass it out in their feces. But
the bacteria is still active. When a susceptible individual of an
easily-infected species, like Pine Siskin, picks up the bacteria, it
proliferates quickly in the infected bird's gut and is passed along to
others via the feces.
Salmonella is most easily passed between individuals by contact with the
feces from infected birds and Pine Siskins are especially social,
allowing such easy transmission of this disease. Feeding in close
association with one another makes it a certainty that the disease will
be passed to other individuals from an infected one. Keeping feeders
clean is essential at such times, but unfortunately, that alone will not
prevent the spread of this disease. It is recommended that feeders be
cleaned with a 10% bleach solution (followed by careful rinsing then
complete drying before reuse) and/or that feeding be stopped for a
period of time (2 weeks?) to let the birds move on and not get
reinfected. However, the bacteria can survive for many months on
uncleaned feeders, on the ground, on plant or other surfaces. It can be
passed by other birds less susceptible to the disease, by reptiles,
mammals or even some invertebrates. Preventing it is almost impossible.
Once brought to a communal feeding area (which can be a wild feeding
area or a feeding station), the disease quickly spreads. Even if you are
very efficient about keeping your feeders and feeding area clean,
Salmonella may be brought in from surrounding wild areas.
Salmonella is less frequent, but still very common in Evening Grosbeak,
House Sparrow, Brown-headed Cowbird, Northern Cardinal, and Goldfinches
(especially American). It occasionally occurs in House, Purple, and
Cassin's Finch and is infrequent to rare in most other species of songbirds.
Because siskins are the most susceptible, and because they are so tame
and can be numerous at feeders, we see it in them most often. However,
be assured that there is nothing wrong with what you are doing and that
this disease is just as frequent in wild areas as it is at feeders. We
just see it more easily at feeders because of their high visibility.
There is also no difference between using shelled or unshelled seed! The
seed you supply is NOT the source of this infection. The bacteria is
spread via the feces of infected birds which which can get on either
type of seed with equal ease. Pine Siskins can be messy eaters and spill
many seeds on the ground. I have used both shelled and unshelled black
oil sunflower and the mess below the feeder when Pine Siskins arrive is
about the same. With many birds feeding at the same time, it is
inevitable that some seed will be contaminated by feces. This happens in
wild areas just as frequently as at your feeders.
If you handle a sick or dead bird, or feeders where lethargic siskins
have been attending, be sure to wash your hands very thoroughly. This
form of Salmonella can be transmitted to humans and is the most common
type of "food poisoning." It will cause extreme diarrhea and very, very
intense intestinal pain. Death has been known, but is uncommon; however
dehydration is typical and may be what ultimately kills the Pine
Siskins. Having experienced Salmonella poisoning personally (from an
unknown source), I can assure you that you do not want this. It is the
single most painful experience that I have ever had.
Keep your feeders clean and intensify doing so when many siskins are
frequent, but be assured that you are doing nothing to cause this
naturally occurring and cyclic problem."
Dan Gleason dan-glea...@comcast.net
? Author of "Birds! From the Inside Out" and "Looking for Yellowheads"
? Instructor of Field Ornithology, University of Oregon
? Co-owner, Wild Birds Unlimited of Eugene (Opening April 2013)
Other articles given to us to help explain to our customers:
Salmonellosis:
http://www.birds.cornell.edu/schoolyard/all_about_birds/feeding_birds/bird_di
seases.html
Salmonellosis is caused by a bacteria belonging to the genus Salmonella.
It is a common
cause of mortality in feeder birds, but the symptoms are not always
obvious. Sick birds
may appear thin, fluffed up, and depressed and may have pasted vents and
swollen
eyelids. They are often lethargic and easy to approach. Some infected
birds may show no
outward signs, but are carriers of the disease and can spread the
infection to other birds.
Salmonellosis is primarily transmitted by fecal contamination of food
and water by birds,
though it can also be transmitted by ingestion of contaminated feeds or
from bird-to-bird
contact. Occasionally, outbreaks of the disease cause significant
mortality in certain
species.
Salmonellosis (sal-muh-nel-LOW-sis)
http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/publications/fact_sheets/coping_with_diseases_at_bir
dfeeders.jsp
Salmonellosis is a general term for any disease in animals and people
caused by a group
of bacteria known by the Latin name Salmonella. Birds can die quickly if
the Salmonella
bacteria spread throughout the body. Abscesses often form in the lining
of the esophagus
and crop as part of the infection process. Infected birds pass bacteria
in their fecal
droppings. Other birds get sick when they eat food contaminated by the
droppings.
Salmonellosis is the most common bird-feeder disease.
Do bird feeders spread disease?
http://www.birds.cornell.edu/pfw/AboutBirdsandFeeding/FAQsBirdFeeding.htm#Spr
eadDisease
This question has at times been debated in the media. Feeders,
especially improperly
maintained feeders, can spread disease. However, there's no way to know
if disease
transmission at feeders is any less or greater than disease transmission
in the wild. Birds
that contract and spread diseases, such as salmonellosis, at feeders are
typically social by
nature and would aggregate whether at feeders or not.
Public health significance
http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/land/wildlife/whealth/issues/salmonellosis.pdf
Salmonellosis is of public health concern because all strains of
Salmonella are
potentially pathogenic to humans and animals. However, it appears that
wild birds
mainly acquire the disease from the environment and that infected wild
birds play a
relatively small role in the transmission of disease to domestic animals
and humans.
While dogs and cats are rarely infected, pets should be discouraged from
consuming bird
carcasses to reduce risk of contracting salmonellosis. Any potential
human risk can be
minimized by wearing disposable gloves when cleaning a bird feeder or
birdbath.
Key Messages - Salmonellosis Outbreaks
? Despite what some media has implied, people who feed the birds should
not be
blaming themselves because they see sick birds at their bird-feeding
stations. In
fact, the disease, which is transmitted by infected fecal matter, can occur
wherever flocking species gather together -- in the woods, fields or
barnyards.
Birds that feed in landfills, dung piles, waste water discharge areas,
and sewage
lagoons are also at a high risk to be infected.
? While Wild Birds Unlimited has extensive experience and expertise in
the care
and feeding of wild birds, the company is not the expert on
salmonellosis. We
have expert resources we can use to help educate our customers with the
facts
about salmonellosis, and our aim is to be the conduit, if needed, so
that your
customers know how to obtain more information from these experts.
? In following the recommendation of the Washington Department of Fish and
Wildlife (WDFW), advise your customers to ?temporarily discontinue bird
feeding, or take extra steps to maintain feeders,? if they have Pine
Siskin,
goldfinch or House Finch showing symptoms of salmonellosis. These symptoms
include droopiness, diarrhea, and severe lethargy,fluffed out feathers
and are easy
to approach. Some birds may appear severely emaciated or be observed to
seizure.
? Please ask customers to report any sick birds to their nearest Wild Birds
Unlimited store or local wildlife officials.
? If your customers have removed their feeders after observing infected
finches,
you can recommend the following steps:
o Remove all feeders for a few days.
o Clean and sanitize all feeders, poles and the feeding area (See
Responsible
Birdfeeding Handout.)
o Reinstall multiple feeders in new locations that are spread far apart
from
one another. Reducing crowding at feeders helps reduce stress and the
transmission of the disease.
o Replace wooden feeders with ones made of plastic or recycled materials.
Wood is very difficult to sanitize.
o Do not reinstall feeders that allow contact between fecal material and
food
(such as platform or tray feeders)
o Initially provide food and feeders that will not attract finches (suet,
safflower, peanuts, hummingbird feeders, etc.)
o Reinstall finch feeders and food after an additional two weeks.
o Clean feeders and birdbaths with a 10% bleach solution several times a
week, be sure that feeders are dry before filling them with seed.
? If customers have not observed finches with any symptoms of the
disease, you
can recommend the following steps:
o They can continue to feed by taking a few extra steps to maintain
feeders.
o Advise them to clean and sanitize all feeders, poles and their feeding
area
as soon as possible.
o Have them follow the recommendations found in the Responsible
Birdfeeding Handout and or the National Wildlife Health Center
recommendations.
o They can continue to provide food and feeders that will not attract
finches
(suet, safflower, peanuts, hummingbird feeders, etc.) even if they choose
to stop feeding finches.
o If they continue providing finch feeders and food they should sanitize
their
feeders every few days.
o The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) also
recommends that they,? reduce the number of feeders they maintain and
spread them out, use feeders that accommodate fewer birds (using tubes
rather than platforms)? and that, ?keeping bird baths and fountains
clean is
also important.?
The Complete Story ? from the National Wildlife Health Center web site:
Birds do get sick. Disease is one of many natural processes affecting
wild species. Sick
birds do show up at feeders, and other birds can get sick as a consequence.
Just because bird feeding is not problem-free does not mean that it is
bad or should be
stopped. It does mean you have an ethical obligation not to jeopardize
wild birds. What is
called for is intelligent bird feeding. (WBU calls it responsible
birdfeeding)
http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/publications/fact_sheets/coping_with_diseases_at_bir
dfeeders.jsp
Wild Birds Unlimited Recommends Responsible Birdfeeding:
It is always important to provide a safe feeding environment for the
birds and it becomes
even more critical during episodes such as a Salmonellosis outbreak.
Responsible bird
feeding techniques play a crucial role in helping to contain the spread
of disease among
bird populations. The following strategies will help you to improve the
health and safety
of your birds during periods of concern about the spread of avian diseases:
? Remove all open feeder trays and platform feeders that allow fecal
material and
food to come into contact with each other. Use only feeders that do not
allow the
birds to stand in, or directly above their food.
? Birdfeeders with cracks and crevices are difficult to sanitize and
should not be
used. Replace them with new feeders.
? Since wooden feeders are difficult to sanitize, they should be
temporarily
removed during disease outbreaks or replaced with feeders made of
plastic or
recycled materials.
? Focus on using only feeders that can be easily cleaned.
? Give the birds more space. The addition of more feeders, spread far
apart from
one another, will reduce the crowding of birds that is often found
around a single
feeder. This will reduce the bird?s stress and the potential for disease
transmission
between healthy and sick birds.
? Periodically move feeders to new locations in the yard to avoid the
build up of
waste materials and feces. Be sure to always keep the ground below and
around
the feeders clean. Rake up and discard seed debris and bird droppings on
regular
basis.
? Clean feeders, birdbaths and all hardware several times a week with a
10% bleach
(one part bleach to nine parts water) solution. Rinse thoroughly and
allow to
completely dry before refilling feeders.
? Birdseed should be stored in rodent proof containers to avoid
contamination.
? Always discard any seed that has become wet.
? Limit the amount of seed provided to only the amount the birds will
use in one or
two days. Clean the feeders and rake up the waste material in the area
before
refilling.
The National Wildlife Health Center
Eight Steps to Prevent or Minimize Disease Problems at Feeders:
1. Give them space - Avoid crowding by providing ample feeder space.
Lots of birds
using a single feeder looks wonderful, but crowding is a key factor in
spreading
disease. If birds have to jostle each other to reach the food, they are
crowded. This
crowding also creates stress which may make birds more vulnerable to
disease.
2. Clean up wastes - Keep the feeder area clean of waste food and
droppings. A
broom and shovel can accomplish a lot of good, but a vacuum such as you
might use
in your garage or workshop will help even more.
3. Make feeders safe - Provide safe feeders without sharp points or
edges. Even
small scratches and cuts will allow bacteria and viruses to enter
otherwise healthy
birds.
4. Keep feeders clean - Clean and disinfect feeders regularly. Use one
part of liquid
chlorine household bleach in nine parts of tepid water (a 10 percent
solution) to
disinfect. Make enough solution to immerse an empty, cleaned feeder
completely for
two to three minutes. Allow to air dry. Once or twice a month should do,
but weekly
could help more if you notice sick birds at your feeders.
5. Use good food - Discard any food that smells musty, is wet, looks
moldy or has
fungus growing on it. Disinfect any storage container that holds spoiled
food and the
scoop used to fill feeders from it.
6. Prevent contamination - Keep rodents out of stored food. Mice can
carry and
spread some bird diseases without being affected themselves.
7. Act early - Don't wait to act until you see sick or dead birds. With
good
prevention you'll seldom find sick or dead birds at your feeders.
8. Spread the word - Encourage your neighbors who feed birds to follow
the same
precautions. Birds normally move among feeders and can spread diseases
as they go. The
safest birdfeeders will be those in communities where neighbors
cooperate with equal
concern for the birds.
http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/publications/pamphlets/coping_with_birdfeeder_diseas
es_pamplet.pdf
Also John Schaust, our own naturalist at WBU:
The symptoms you describe are analogous to ones that are seen when birds
are infected with avian salmonella which is also known as salmonellosis.
It is primarily transmitted by fecal contamination of food and water by
birds, though it can also be transmitted by ingestion of contaminated
feeds or from bird-to-bird contact.
Please reassure your customers that they should not blame themselves
because they see sick birds at their bird-feeding stations. There's no
way to know if disease transmission at feeders is any less or greater
than disease transmission in the wild.
Birds that contract and spread diseases, such as salmonellosis, at
feeders are typically social by nature and would aggregate whether at
feeders or not. In fact, salmonellosis, which is transmitted by infected
fecal matter, can occur wherever flocking species gather together -- in
the woods, fields or roosting locations. Unfortunately, no matter what
the source of the disease is, sick birds will often congregate around
feeding stations as this is the easiest source of food an infirmed bird
can utilize.
While Wild Birds Unlimited has extensive experience and expertise in the
care and feeding of wild birds, the company is not a veterinary expert
on salmonellosis. However, we do have expert resources to help educate
our customers with the facts about salmonellosis and how to responsibly
deal with it in their own backyards.
Key information about salmonellosis is available in a packet of compiled
expert advice which can be downloaded from the WBU Intranet and used to
train staff and advise customers. It is available at the following link:
http://www.wbustore.com/intranet/edu/Salmonellosis_Packet_0209.pdf
In addition, I am always available to provide further assistance or
resources. - John Schaust
John F. Schaust
CHIEF NATURALIST Wild Birds Unlimited, Inc.
Franchise Support Center
11711 North College Ave. Suite 146
Carmel, IN 46032
LOCAL: 317.208.4021
TOLL FREE: 888.302.2473 x 121
FAX NO: 317.571.7110 EMAIL:
schau...@wbu.com
In a nutshell: Keep feeders clean and keep feeding the birds since it
will be easier for some birds to fight diseases if they have a reliable
source of good foods nearby. Hope the above info helps everyone!
Marilyn Pecoraro-O'Connell
Wild Birds Unlimited
3835 McKinley Pkwy, Suite 1
Blasdell, NY 14219
716-823-7889
www.wbu.com/blasdell
We Bring People And Nature Together!
On 3/8/2013 6:57 PM, geneseebirds-l-requ...@geneseo.edu wrote:
> Send GeneseeBirds-L mailing list submissions to
> geneseebird...@geneseo.edu
>
> To subscribe or unsubscribe via the World Wide Web, visit
> https://mail.geneseo.edu/mailman/listinfo/geneseebirds-l
> or, via email, send a message with subject or body 'help' to
> geneseebirds-l-requ...@geneseo.edu
>
> You can reach the person managing the list at
> geneseebirds-l-ow...@geneseo.edu
>
> When replying, please edit your Subject line so it is more specific
> than "Re: Contents of GeneseeBirds-L digest..."
>
>
> Today's Topics:
>
> 1. Salmonella Poisoning at Feeders (Gerry Rising)
>
> 5. Re: Salmonella Poisoning at Feeders (Jeffrey Reed)
>
>
>
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Message: 1
> Date: Fri, 08 Mar 2013 10:46:42 -0500
> From: Gerry Rising <insr...@buffalo.edu>
> To: Genesee Birds <geneseebird...@geneseo.edu>
> Subject: [GeneseeBirds-L] Salmonella Poisoning at Feeders
> Message-ID: <513a07e2.9060...@buffalo.edu>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-15; format=flowed
>
>
> I recently had a call from a woman who feeds birds to tell me that
> several dead redpolls she picked up near her feeders had died of
> salmonella poisoning. This was identified by the DEC lab in Delmar. She
> was told that redpolls and siskins were especially affected by this
> toxin.In response she is taking down her feeders for this season.
>
> Have others had similar problems this winter?
>
> Regards,
> Gerry
>
>
> Message: 5
> Date: Fri, 8 Mar 2013 18:06:23 -0500
> From: Jeffrey Reed <jeffree...@gmail.com>
> To: Gerry Rising <insr...@buffalo.edu>
> Cc: Genesee Birds <geneseebird...@geneseo.edu>
> Subject: Re: [GeneseeBirds-L] Salmonella Poisoning at Feeders
> Message-ID:
> <CAFqLNR1jBzBn=rjg4UrDJwe=zCTM8aL9Kj9NWxQT=oqjrxk...@mail.gmail.com>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
>
> Hi Gerry,
>
> Yes, I got a call from a reader earlier this week but could only get
> back to her today and she told me that she had 6 dead Common Redpolls
> at her feeder. She lives in Cuba, NY (Allegany County) and uses black
> oil sunflower and an upscale mix. She said the other birds were not
> effected.
>
> Jeff
>
> On 3/8/13, Gerry Rising <insr...@buffalo.edu> wrote:
>> I recently had a call from a woman who feeds birds to tell me that
>> several dead redpolls she picked up near her feeders had died of
>> salmonella poisoning. This was identified by the DEC lab in Delmar. She
>> was told that redpolls and siskins were especially affected by this
>> toxin.In response she is taking down her feeders for this season.
>>
>> Have others had similar problems this winter?
>>
>> Regards,
>> Gerry
>>
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>>
>>
>
>
>
------------------------------
Message: 3
Date: Fri, 8 Mar 2013 17:58:39 -0800 (PST)
From: David Prill <ll...@yahoo.com>
To: "geneseebird...@geneseo.edu" <geneseebird...@geneseo.edu>
Subject: [GeneseeBirds-L] Salmonellosis
Message-ID:
<1362794319.89082.yahoomail...@web140303.mail.bf1.yahoo.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
I have observed four birds with salmonellosis-like symptoms at my feeders
this winter in Springwater township.?
At least two died.?
The maximum number of redpolls at these feeders was over a hundred.
The redpolls fed on the ground as much as at the feeders.? Unfortunately,
the ground is a rough lawn and can
not be sanitized.?
I?am discontinuing feeding.?
?
?It seems possible that feeding promotes spread of the disease by
concentrating the birds and their feces in a small area.
>From what I've read, outbreaks of salmonellosis are common during redpoll
irruptions.
?
By the way, the Cornell Lab of Ornithology Feeder Cam presents feeder in
Manitouwadge, Ontario,?that daily have redpolls much whiter than the hoary
redpoll candidates that I've seen here.
?
Regards,
?
David Prill
-------------- next part --------------
An HTML attachment was scrubbed...
URL:
<https://mail.geneseo.edu/mailman/private/geneseebirds-l/attachments/20130308
/7091fae5/attachment.html>
------------------------------
_______________________________________________
GeneseeBirds-L mailing list - geneseebird...@geneseo.edu
https://mail.geneseo.edu/mailman/listinfo/geneseebirds-l
End of GeneseeBirds-L Digest, Vol 116, Issue 16
***********************************************
--
NYSbirds-L List Info:
http://www.NortheastBirding.com/NYSbirdsWELCOME
http://www.NortheastBirding.com/NYSbirdsRULES
http://www.NortheastBirding.com/NYSbirdsSubscribeConfigurationLeave.htm
ARCHIVES:
1) http://www.mail-archive.com/nysbirds-l@cornell.edu/maillist.html
2) http://www.surfbirds.com/birdingmail/Group/NYSBirds-L
3) http://birdingonthe.net/mailinglists/NYSB.html
Please submit your observations to eBird:
http://ebird.org/content/ebird/
--
