In the current discussion on Pliny`s and Philo`s Essenians as Jews or
Judeans, one point is  I think, noteworthy:  The fact that Josephus
feels
obliged to declare that the Essenians are "Jews by birth", a
remarkable
statement if we were to ignore other sources on them than Philo`s. It
seems
as if in Josephus`time, there was a widely expanded opinion contesting
the
Jewishness of Essenes.


Peter Janku 


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