Ben, Christina, List,

Referring to the first half of Christina's question, namely "where does
Peirce suggest that all syllogisms may be reduced to Barbara," this article
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Sanders_Peirce#cite_note-137
(see:"Modes of inference")--composed at least in part by Ben, I believe,
gives a well-known 1878 example of Peirce's transformations of Barbara to
include 'induction' and 'hypothesis'. There may be earlier examples, but I
can't quickly locate them.

[Peirce] sometimes expounded the modes of inference by transformations of
the categorical syllogism Barbara (AAA)
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syllogism#Barbara_.28AAA-1.29>, for example
in "Deduction, Induction, and Hypothesis" (1878).[137]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Sanders_Peirce#cite_note-137> He
does this by rearranging the *rule* (Barbara's major premise), the
*case* (Barbara's
minor premise), and the *result* (Barbara's conclusion):

Deduction.

*Rule:* All the beans from this bag are white.
*Case:* These beans are from this bag.
[image: \therefore] *Result:* These beans are white.

Induction.

*Case:* These beans are [randomly selected] from this bag.
*Result:* These beans are white.
[image: \therefore] *Rule:* All the beans from this bag are white.







Hypothesis (Abduction).

*Rule:* All the beans from this bag are white.
*Result:* These beans [oddly] are white.
[image: \therefore] *Case:* These beans are from this bag.
He makes this point much earlier--in the '60's--but makes it explicit here.

Best,

Gary

[image: Gary Richmond]

*Gary Richmond*
*Philosophy and Critical Thinking*
*Communication Studies*
*LaGuardia College of the City University of New York*
*C 745*
*718 482-5690 <718%20482-5690>*

On Wed, Oct 28, 2015 at 12:45 PM, Benjamin Udell <[email protected]> wrote:

> Here's one place where Peirce says that *Barbara* is not enough:
> "Relatives (logic of)" in Baldwin's _Dictionary of Philosophy and
> Psychology_, New York: Macmillan, 1902, DPP 2:447-450; CP 3.636-643
> http://www.gnusystems.ca/BaldwinPeirce.htm#Relatives
>
> [....] Since Kant, especially, it has been customary to say that deduction
> only elicits what was implicitly thought in the premisses; and the famous
> distinction of analytical and synthetical judgments is based upon that
> notion. But the logic of relatives shows that this is not the case in any
> other sense than one which reduces it to an empty form of words. Matter
> entirely foreign to the premisses may appear in the conclusion. Moreover,
> so far is it from being true, as Kant would have it, that all reasoning is
> reasoning in _*Barbara*_, that that inference itself is discovered by the
> microscope of relatives to be resolvable into more than half a dozen
> distinct steps. In minor points the doctrines of ordinary logic are so
> constantly modified or reversed that it is no exaggeration to say that
> deductive logic is completely metamorphosed by the study of relatives.
> [End quote]
>
> Best, Ben
>
> On 10/28/2015 12:17 PM, Christina Da Silva wrote:
>
> I am finishing up a masters that focuses on Medieval Islamic philosophy,
> and this list has been an inestimably useful resource for me, so thank you
> to all who post here. I am now trying to find the source for some
> information I have in my notes, and my hope is that someone on the list can
> help me.
>
> Here is my question: where does Peirce suggest that all syllogisms may be
> reduced to Barbara, and where does he later renounce this idea?
>
> Thank you,
> Christina da Silva
>
>
>
>
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