Jon, CP 4.240 must be read in the context of R602, p. 12: "But preliminary to normative science, which is essentially classificatory,  stop to take that well in, I beg you, gentle reader, there should be a nomological science, which shall make out all the different indecomposable elements which enter into everything that is conceivably possible, discriminates them with care, and shows how they can be varied and combined. This science... I will name phaneroscopy.CSP: This is, at most, to say that it has to call in the aid of mathematics; that it has a mathematical branch. But so much may be said of every science. There is a mathematical logic, just as there is a mathematical optics and a mathematical economics. Mathematical logic is formal logic. Formal logic, however developed, is mathematics. Formal logic, however, is by no means the whole of logic, or even its principal part. It is hardly to be reckoned as a part of logic proper. (CP 4.240)JAS> Formal/mathematical logic is not the "principal part" of logic as semeiotic; in fact, "It is hardly to be reckoned as a part of logic proper." Hence logic as semeiotic is much more than merely "a classification of the ways that formal logic is applied to practice."The word 'merely' is misleading. Note that Peirce also uses the word 'classificatory' for biology, which is an immensely complex subject. Physics, by contrast, is tiny in the sense that the most powerful generalizations can be stated in just a few equations.If you look at mathematical logic, the axioms for every version that Peirce invented can be stated succinctly. But normative logic is huge -- because it must consider and *classify* every possible method of reasoning about every aspect of science and everyday life.Note Peirce's emphasis: "normative science, which is essentially classificatory,  stop to take that well in, I beg you, gentle reader". To understand what that means, I recommend the excerpts from Photometric Researches: http://jfsowa.com/peirce.PRexcerpts.pdf .That book is a classification of the many semiotic issues in one relatively small branch of astronomy. To classify the logic/semiotic of all the branches of science would require a major library.John
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