Given that various people have mentioned the recent performance of East Asian economies, some of which have been the only economies in the world to generally perform BETTER since the presumed 1973 turning point of the global Kondratiev long wave (except for a few oil exporters during the 1970's), I thought I might add a further knot to this thread. That is the idea of yet an even longer wave/cycle than that of Kondratiev, "la duree" or the "geographic cycle" of Fernand Braudel, first formulated in his magnum opus, _The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II, Vol. 1_. This hypothesizes a 300-400 year cycle thus generating not just clusters of several bad decades (Kondratiev) but whole centuries that are bad (500's, 900's, 1300's, 1600's). The presumed mechanism is quasi-Malthusian with long-building demographic pressures pressing against ag technology limits with war, famine, and pestilence resulting. This dismal scenario has so far been held off in this century (except for war and some famines) by the dramatic technological changes in ag resulting from the industrial revolution, not to mention declining birth rates, although some dramatic neo-Malthusian gloomsters would say we aredue for a big hit. However, one aspect of this theory is the observation that with the switch points of EVERY OTHER cycle (500-600's and 1300's) came shifts in global technological leadership between Europe and Asia. We seem to be right on schedule for that and it may be shifting to Asia. That might explain the exceptional recent Asian performance in resisting the otherwise global Kondratiev downswing (which I note hit the socialist/communist economies as well, except for the PRC). BTW, my e-mail address will be changing on Friday April 7 to [EMAIL PROTECTED] and I shall have to go off-net during the changeover. I apologize to anybody whose message on the net I do not see. If you wish to respond to me on net in the next several days, you might wish to send me privately a copy as well. Barkley Rosser James Madison University