Barkley raises the question of whether the idea of planning necessarily requires the existence of a state to enforce planning decisions. Well it depends upon what you mean by a state. If you mean special bodies of armed men standing apart from society as a whole, then it does not. If you mean an institution for the supression of opposing classes then, it need not. If, on the other hand, you identify any form of authority as the state, then you would be right, but no more so than is implied in the notion of market socialism, since this presupposes civil law and thus jurisprudence. What would be required for the operation of planning is the structural analogue in communist society to civil law in bourgeois society.
