Paul Philips posting about Unionism in an important contribution. Sorry that many penners will not read it because of the unsubbings for the break in the academic year. Our unions in the U.S. had done terrible things, sometimes spending more energy fighting for the CIA than in organizing workers. Many union leaders are bloated bureaucrats, indistinguishable from their corporate brethern. Now that unionism is wobbly [with a small w], after a series of set backs from PATCO to Caterpiller, it is easy to take pot shots at their failures. Instead, we should do what we can to invorate unions. Certainly, we, as economists, should have something to contribute, maybe even from pen-l. Also, we should celebrate the victories as they occur, such as Manitoba. Also, I think the new agreement with the Gap maybe a harbinger of good things. -- Michael Perelman Economics Department California State University Chico, CA 95929 Tel. 916-898-5321 E-Mail [EMAIL PROTECTED]