To Doug H. (gee, and I was going to shut up!): Obviously "fundamental uncertainty" is irrelevant to "day-to-day management in of a business in an OECD country." Nobody claimed that it was, certainly not Keynes. Of course people in general operate on simple inertia (NOT rational expectations) for "day-to-day management," assume tomorrow will be more or less like today. Hence bill mitchell's defense on several lists of the usability of simple ergodicity in doing short-run econometrics. It is long-run real capital investment that must deal with fundamental uncertainty, and thus requires "animal spirits" being enthusiastic in order to happen, whether the source of that uncertainty is war, revolution, or just a "mere" economic variable's value 20 years hence that is at issue. Barkley Rosser