Dear Mark Jones: It was orchestrated. The entire past 5 years has to be viewed as a campaign, a strategy. You can tax people to fund a defense budget or allow them to invest in worthless paper. Why else would the SEC approve Russian ADR's that no other nation had a chance of getting approved. I could never find anyone to cover a short position. I started predicting these events in 1992, accurately. Everyone...Everyone who made a reasonable effort to to know, knew. What went wrong? some ask. Why nothing at all. It went amazingly well just as planned. And, without firing a shot. Money was used like drug-dealers use heroin. There was some predilection, that helped, but addiction was rapid. Some money managers knowingly bought into expected losses as a sort of insurance premium, just to avoid losing clients in case their competitors outperformed them. The corruption was multi-lateral. Everyone really understood each other for the first time. Everyone understood stealing. It isn't difficult to understand. And..so easy with absolute power. You are absolutely correct in what was done to the Russian people by this East-West "partnership. It is still ongoing. But just as investors are examining their potential recovery from lawyer, accountant, investment banker advisors in the wake of their losses, another Nurenburg may well find Americans culpable. They may yet say as they did in post-NAZI Germany. "We had no idea what the nomenklatura was doing to the Russian people. We didn't know." The death toll in Russia may well equal The Great WAR. Greed has eliminated sanitation and brought starvation and exposure to the elements. Make no mistake, these are going to resemble the "never again" level crimes against humanity we spoke of a half century ago. I witnessed the theft, cynicism, uncontrolled greed, plunder and a devil-take-the-hindmost attitude to one's fellow citizens, as early as 1991. It was encouraged. The American people through our elected representatives told the Russian people that criminals constituted a government responsive to the electorate. Therefore they don't think we have anything better to offer than what they have. They are now resigned to their new Czars. Sadly enough all that was required to capitalize on this huge opportunity in history was to denounce these criminals provide a good example of honor, integrity, truthfulness and kindness and perhaps have a little longer struggle to have our principles prevail. Now the difference in principles are obscured as is the right to prevail. Some JRL readers have commented that your article isn't relevant to Russia. Anecdotes about reform, privatization, elections, democracy, market economy are irrelevant, even blasphemous. You are relevant. It is a lot more effective to oppress Russians with Russian masters than any other. It is a lot safer to corrupt Russians with money than to fight them with weapons. But ultimately both are fatal. The logical choice was to love them and protect them. We still have that chance. Yours truly, xxxxxxxxx --- from list [EMAIL PROTECTED] ---