Jim Devine made a point that I raised some time ago. In my department, the average tenure must be about 20 years. We have no young people and we old foggies hang on. Previously, when we had more openings, some young people did not get permanent jobs. Job tenure is now much higher here, but that represents a step back from the 70s. -- Michael Perelman Economics Department California State University [EMAIL PROTECTED] Chico, CA 95929 530-898-5321 fax 530-898-5901