Yoshie asked: It doesn't seem to me to require a belief that statements (e.g. E= MC2) are Platonic entities in order to believe that what some statements refer to existed before the statements were made. Am I missing something? * * * No, you are right. But that is not what I said. What I think we want to say is not just that the interconvertability of mass and energy obtained before there were minds, but that the statement "e=mc2" was true back then. That might force us into a sort of Platonism. Jerry Katz defends such a view. --jks >>