I wrote: >>wouldn't it be more accurate to say "pre-modern" instead of "post-modern"? It seems that Afghanistan hasn't had the modernist nationalist revolution of the sort that (say) France had, creating "the French" and the French nation-state.<
Doug writes: >Yeah, but the Taliban were also created by the U.S., Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, the collapse of the USSR, etc. Very polycentric, though hardly plurivocal.< it's hard for outsiders to create a nationality or a nation-state, except to the extent that the nationality is created in _opposition_ to the outsiders. Maybe Taliban is (was?) polycentric, but that doesn't make it "post modern." Polycentrism is as old as the hills. Jim Devine [EMAIL PROTECTED] & http://bellarmine.lmu.edu/~jdevine