The American Axis: Henry Ford, Charles Lindbergh, and the Rise of the Third Reich By Max Wallace
ISBN: 0312290225 Format: Hardcover, 416pp Pub. Date: July 2003 Publisher: St. Martin's Press Barnes & Noble Sales Rank: 341,138
Kirkus Reviews Whisper an antiwar sentiment today, and you're branded a traitor. Hinder the Allied war effort and champion the Nazi cause, as did a captain of industry and a pioneer of aviation, and you'll be remembered as a hero. So Wallace, a researcher for Steven Spielberg's Shoah Project, demonstrates in this eye-opening if sometimes circumstantial account of automaker Henry Ford's and pilot Charles Lindbergh's multifaceted dealings with the Hitler regime. Ford was singularly instrumental, Wallace charges, with Hitler's rise; not only did Hitler and other Nazis credit their conversion to anti-Semitism in part to Ford's scurrilous The International Jew, but Ford also funded the early Nazi party unstintingly and, knowingly or not, gave Nazi operatives access to manufacturing specifications and other documents at least until America entered the war. Hitler himself said, "I regard Henry Ford as my inspiration," not least for providing a model of mass production for the Nazi killing machine. Direct evidence of Ford's financial role in bringing Hitler to power is scanty, Wallace writes, "a significant amount of the [Ford Motor] company's early days-particularly material pertaining to Ford's anti-Semitism" having been carefully discarded. Lindbergh, famed for his transatlantic solo flight, brought pseudoscientific theories of eugenics to his own admiration for the Nazi regime, and the Nazis reciprocated by depicting the blond, blue-eyed Lindbergh as the exemplar of Aryan manhood. Strangely, by Wallace's account, both men seemed mystified when the Roosevelt administration did not court their services at the outbreak of WWII, on which occasion Ford remarked, "The whole thing has just been made up by Jewbankers." Though Lindbergh served as a consultant to Ford in the development of the B-24 bomber, he was unable to gain a military commission-and for good reason, inasmuch as even in 1945 he was publicly lamenting the destruction of Germany, a civilization that "was basically our own, stemming from the same Christian beliefs." A finely wrought, careful, and utterly damning case that ought to prompt a widespread reevaluation of both Ford and Lindbergh.
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Seven Myths of the Spanish Conquest By Matthew Restall
ISBN: 0195160770 Format: Hardcover, 218pp Pub. Date: July 2003
Kirkus Reviews Provocative if dry essay in New World historiography, gainsaying a large body of received wisdom. Over the last half-century, many writers on the Spanish conquest of the Americas have confronted such thorny problems as the Black Legend and the demography of the pre-Columbian hemisphere, dispelling once-prevailing notions about, for example, why Coronado found so few Indians on his trip across the Great Plains and why Montezuma's Mexico fell so quickly to Cortez and company. But many of those notions remain, writes Restall (History/Penn. State Univ.), even in such contemporary texts as the supposedly iconoclastic works of Tzvetan Todorov and Kirkpatrick Sale. Using the word loosely enough to give folklorists fits, Restall brands as "myth" the idea, for instance, that a mere handful of conquistadors took down Mexico and Peru, and the concomitant canard that the Indians thought that the Spanish were strange gods from across the sea. The Spanish were indeed few, he acknowledges, but backed by great numbers of Indian allies and, more to the point, by non-Spanish conquistadors, particularly black Africans like Juan Garcia, who hauled a comfortable amount of gold to Spain from Peru and lived well thereafter. "There was no apotheosis," he adds, "no 'belief that the Spaniards are gods,' and no resulting native paralysis." Some of these myths, Restall holds, came from the pens of Columbus and certain of his contemporaries, who had an understandable interest in promoting themselves as lone heroes; others came from the likes of Washington Irving, whose romantic views of Columbus the visionary entered the historical record in the 19th century and have been hard to root out ever since. Restall's alternative history of the Conquest emphasizes the multiethnic nature of the newcomers and the practicality of those who ceded land and wealth to them. For specialists, mainly, though useful to those interested in how empires-and myths-are made.
Louis Proyect, Marxism mailing list: http://www.marxmail.org
