IEEE Spectrum has an article:
The Great Lightbulb Conspiracy
The Phoebus cartel engineered a shorter-lived lightbulb and gave birth to
planned obsolescence
By Markus Krajewski
Posted 24 Sep 2014 | 19:00 GMT
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Photo-illustration: Gluekit; Lightbulb: Fin Stewart
On 23 December 1924 , a group of leading international businessmen gathered in
Geneva for a meeting that would alter the world for decades to come. Present
were top representatives from all the major lightbulb manufacturers, including
Germany’s Osram , the Netherlands’ Philips , France’s Compagnie des Lampes, and
the United States’ General Electric . As revelers hung Christmas lights
elsewhere in the city, the group founded the Phoebus cartel, a supervisory body
that would carve up the worldwide incandescent lightbulb market, with each
national and regional zone assigned its own manufacturers and production
quotas. It was the first cartel in history to enjoy a truly global reach.
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