In the famous 'standard of living' debate over the impact of the  industrial revolution on the standard of living of the British worker, Hobsbawm and others argued that the actual standard of living of the average worker declined as they were forced to relocate from rural agriculture to accept, against their will, the  horrors of the satanic mills.  Others, names escape me at the moment,  argued that though the level of real wages may have declined, the population increased indicating that output increased in total, though per capita income may have declined.  This would mean that, for the average worker, capitalism was a negative sum game despite the increase in income for capital and for an expanding working, though impoverished, working class.  The suggestion that this was a voluntary migration is, of course, nonsense.  Workers did not voluntarily enter the factories as wage labour unless forced to do so by lack of alternative sources of income.  This has been so often demonstrated that I find it curious that the suggestion on this list that this was a choice is unreal.  Assuming Hosbawms' data is correct, capitalism in the 19th C was, for the workers, a zero sum game at least until the gains from imperialism in the second half of the century filtered down to the working class.  Then it became a positive sum game for the British workingclass, but, I expect, a negative sum game for the Indian workers and the rest of the British empire, with the exception of the settler dominions such as Canada and Australia -- but not for the aboriginal peoples for whom capitalism has been a negative sum game to this day.

Paul Phillips


Ulhas Joglekar wrote:
Gil Skillman wrote:

  
I don't think it is, in the standard game-theoretic sense of the
term (why
would workers hire out to capitalists if doing so literally made
them worse
off?), but note that capitalist economic relations can be positive-
sum and
still be exploitative.
    

Marx clearly distinguished between the absolute and the relative surplus value in Vol I.

Ulhas


  
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