>From your description of running the test with nmake I find it reasonable to 
>assume you are testing on windows.  Winsock seems to have a 1 second delay for 
>“connection refused” errors which is triggered (2000 times) by a test added 
>with PR 227: https://github.com/perl6/roast/pull/227.  I saw some 
>documentation of the delay on msdn 
>(https://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/sqlserver/en-US/9b90b65c-4630-46b1-98f1-5d4d22427962/delayed-connection-refused-error?forum=netfxnetcom
> ) and is demonstrated by a small Perl 5 script below.  The problem also 
>effects roast on WSL (windows subsystem for linux).

# test below runs in about 10 seconds on windows/WSL
# and instantly on linux

use Socket;     # This defines PF_INET and SOCK_STREAM

for (1..10) {
    socket my $socket,PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,(getprotobyname('tcp'))[2];
    connect $socket, sockaddr_in(1, inet_aton('127.0.0.1'))
       or $! =~ /\bconnection\b.*\brefused\b/i
       or die "can't connect: $!\n";
    close($socket);
}

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