(I sent this to -docs already, but it didn't get through for some reason.)

>From the current 8.3 docs:

Section 24.3.3.1 states about restore_command:

"The command will be asked for file names that are not present in the
archive; it must return nonzero when so asked."

Section 24.4.1 further states:

"The magic that makes the two loosely coupled servers work together is
simply a restore_command used on the standby that waits for the next
WAL file to become available from the primary."

It is not clear from the first paragraph, whether the non-existing
file that restore_command is being asked for is a not-yet-generated
WAL file or something different. If it was a not-yet-generated WAL
file, restore_command for replication would have to wait for it to
appear. If it was something different, restore_command for replication
would have to return an error right away. (Because else it would hang
indefinitely, waiting for a file that is not going to appear). Yet I
couldn't find hints in the documentation as to how these two cases can
be detected by restore_command, i.e. how restore_command should tell a
request for a WAL file from a request for a non-WAL file.

Practice (http://archives.postgresql.org/sydpug/2006-10/msg00001.php)
shows that this is a problem, and people use unproved heuristics
('history' substring in the requested file name).

Additionally, 24.3.3 contains slightly misleading information:

"It is important that the command return nonzero exit status on
failure. The command will be asked for log files that are not present
in the archive; it must return nonzero when so asked. This is not an
error condition."

This suggests that all non-existing files that restore_command will be
asked for are log files. One could therefore reasonably assume that
restore_command for replication should wait on all non-existing files.
24.3.3.1 later corrects this by stating that not only log files may be
requested, but nevertheless.

Markus

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