GiST: Invalidate killed items consistently.

GiST neglected to invalidate its killedItems[] array on a rescan.  As a
result, it was just about possible for the wrong tuples from the wrong
index page to be LP_DEAD-marked on a rescan.  The scan mistakenly
believed that the previous rescan's killedItems[] were for this rescan's
curBlkno, causing index corruption.

To fix, bring GiST in line with nbtree and hash: call gistkillitems from
both gistrescan and gistendscan (the existing gistgettuple caller still
handles the common case where we need to LP_DEAD-mark before moving on
to the next page).  That way the scan's pending killedItems[] are passed
to gistkillitems while they still describe items from curBlkno.  When
gistkillitems runs, it'll invalidate the array in passing (and won't
needlessly miss out on an opportunity to LP_DEAD-mark eligible index
tuples).  Back branches just get minimal hardening: we invalidate
killedItems[] at the places where the master branch gets new calls to
gistkillitems (and we invalidate curBlkno and curPageLSN on a rescan).

The test that proved corruption on master didn't result in corruption on
any stable branch, though only because, without commit 9c9ddf109, we'd
clobber curPageLSN without also updating curBlkno -- which accidentally
prevented it.  Relying on gistkillitems to not LP_DEAD-mark by passing
it a curBlkno whose curPageLSN was taken from an entirely different page
seems like a very bad idea, which is why this issue is being treated as
a bug affecting all stable branches.

Author: Peter Geoghegan <[email protected]>
Reviewed-By: Andrey Borodin <[email protected]>
Discussion: 
https://postgr.es/m/CAH2-WzmwEThnQf17Ju+t0N9_KJLsEQSXzYrFnaS2=s4kngg...@mail.gmail.com
Backpatch-through: 14

Branch
------
master

Details
-------
https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/cb217c4f174f487009bcba3812bbf23b8d8eba4c

Modified Files
--------------
src/backend/access/gist/gistget.c  | 44 ++++++++++++++++++++++----------------
src/backend/access/gist/gistscan.c | 10 +++++++++
src/include/access/gist_private.h  |  1 +
3 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

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