Log Message:
-----------
Allow read only connections during recovery, known as Hot Standby. 

Enabled by recovery_connections = on (default) and forcing archive recovery 
using a recovery.conf. Recovery processing now emulates the original 
transactions as they are replayed, providing full locking and MVCC behaviour 
for read only queries. Recovery must enter consistent state before connections 
are allowed, so there is a delay, typically short, before connections succeed. 
Replay of recovering transactions can conflict and in some cases deadlock with 
queries during recovery; these result in query cancellation after 
max_standby_delay seconds have expired. Infrastructure changes have minor 
effects on normal running, though introduce four new types of WAL record. 

New test mode "make standbycheck" allows regression tests of static command 
behaviour on a standby server while in recovery. Typical and extreme dynamic 
behaviours have been checked via code inspection and manual testing. Few port 
specific behaviours have been utilised, though primary testing has been on 
Linux only so far. 

This commit is the basic patch. Additional changes will follow in this release 
to enhance some aspects of behaviour, notably improved handling of conflicts, 
deadlock detection and query cancellation. Changes to VACUUM FULL are also 
required.

Simon Riggs, with significant and lengthy review by Heikki Linnakangas, 
including streamlined redesign of snapshot creation and two-phase commit.

Important contributions from Florian Pflug, Mark Kirkwood, Merlin Moncure, Greg 
Stark, Gianni Ciolli, Gabriele Bartolini, Hannu Krosing, Robert Haas, Tatsuo 
Ishii, Hiroyuki Yamada plus support and feedback from many other community 
members.

Modified Files:
--------------
    pgsql/doc/src/sgml:
        backup.sgml (r2.130 -> r2.131)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/backup.sgml?r1=2.130&r2=2.131)
        config.sgml (r1.238 -> r1.239)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml?r1=1.238&r2=1.239)
        func.sgml (r1.493 -> r1.494)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/func.sgml?r1=1.493&r2=1.494)
    pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref:
        checkpoint.sgml (r1.16 -> r1.17)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/checkpoint.sgml?r1=1.16&r2=1.17)
    pgsql/src/backend/access/gin:
        ginxlog.c (r1.19 -> r1.20)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/access/gin/ginxlog.c?r1=1.19&r2=1.20)
    pgsql/src/backend/access/gist:
        gistxlog.c (r1.32 -> r1.33)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/access/gist/gistxlog.c?r1=1.32&r2=1.33)
    pgsql/src/backend/access/heap:
        heapam.c (r1.278 -> r1.279)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/access/heap/heapam.c?r1=1.278&r2=1.279)
        pruneheap.c (r1.18 -> r1.19)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/access/heap/pruneheap.c?r1=1.18&r2=1.19)
    pgsql/src/backend/access/index:
        genam.c (r1.77 -> r1.78)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/access/index/genam.c?r1=1.77&r2=1.78)
        indexam.c (r1.115 -> r1.116)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/access/index/indexam.c?r1=1.115&r2=1.116)
    pgsql/src/backend/access/nbtree:
        README (r1.20 -> r1.21)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/access/nbtree/README?r1=1.20&r2=1.21)
        nbtinsert.c (r1.174 -> r1.175)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtinsert.c?r1=1.174&r2=1.175)
        nbtpage.c (r1.113 -> r1.114)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtpage.c?r1=1.113&r2=1.114)
        nbtree.c (r1.172 -> r1.173)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtree.c?r1=1.172&r2=1.173)
        nbtxlog.c (r1.55 -> r1.56)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtxlog.c?r1=1.55&r2=1.56)
    pgsql/src/backend/access/transam:
        README (r1.12 -> r1.13)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/access/transam/README?r1=1.12&r2=1.13)
        clog.c (r1.53 -> r1.54)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/access/transam/clog.c?r1=1.53&r2=1.54)
        multixact.c (r1.32 -> r1.33)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/access/transam/multixact.c?r1=1.32&r2=1.33)
        recovery.conf.sample (r1.4 -> r1.5)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/access/transam/recovery.conf.sample?r1=1.4&r2=1.5)
        rmgr.c (r1.27 -> r1.28)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/access/transam/rmgr.c?r1=1.27&r2=1.28)
        subtrans.c (r1.24 -> r1.25)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/access/transam/subtrans.c?r1=1.24&r2=1.25)
        twophase.c (r1.56 -> r1.57)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/access/transam/twophase.c?r1=1.56&r2=1.57)
        twophase_rmgr.c (r1.10 -> r1.11)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/access/transam/twophase_rmgr.c?r1=1.10&r2=1.11)
        xact.c (r1.277 -> r1.278)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/access/transam/xact.c?r1=1.277&r2=1.278)
        xlog.c (r1.353 -> r1.354)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c?r1=1.353&r2=1.354)
    pgsql/src/backend/commands:
        dbcommands.c (r1.228 -> r1.229)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/commands/dbcommands.c?r1=1.228&r2=1.229)
        lockcmds.c (r1.25 -> r1.26)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/commands/lockcmds.c?r1=1.25&r2=1.26)
        sequence.c (r1.162 -> r1.163)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/commands/sequence.c?r1=1.162&r2=1.163)
        tablespace.c (r1.63 -> r1.64)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/commands/tablespace.c?r1=1.63&r2=1.64)
        vacuum.c (r1.398 -> r1.399)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/commands/vacuum.c?r1=1.398&r2=1.399)
        vacuumlazy.c (r1.124 -> r1.125)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/commands/vacuumlazy.c?r1=1.124&r2=1.125)
    pgsql/src/backend/postmaster:
        postmaster.c (r1.596 -> r1.597)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c?r1=1.596&r2=1.597)
    pgsql/src/backend/storage/ipc:
        Makefile (r1.22 -> r1.23)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/storage/ipc/Makefile?r1=1.22&r2=1.23)
        procarray.c (r1.51 -> r1.52)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c?r1=1.51&r2=1.52)
        sinvaladt.c (r1.79 -> r1.80)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/storage/ipc/sinvaladt.c?r1=1.79&r2=1.80)
    pgsql/src/backend/storage/lmgr:
        README (r1.24 -> r1.25)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/storage/lmgr/README?r1=1.24&r2=1.25)
        lock.c (r1.188 -> r1.189)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c?r1=1.188&r2=1.189)
        proc.c (r1.209 -> r1.210)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c?r1=1.209&r2=1.210)
    pgsql/src/backend/tcop:
        postgres.c (r1.578 -> r1.579)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/tcop/postgres.c?r1=1.578&r2=1.579)
        utility.c (r1.324 -> r1.325)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/tcop/utility.c?r1=1.324&r2=1.325)
    pgsql/src/backend/utils/adt:
        txid.c (r1.8 -> r1.9)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/utils/adt/txid.c?r1=1.8&r2=1.9)
        xid.c (r1.12 -> r1.13)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/utils/adt/xid.c?r1=1.12&r2=1.13)
    pgsql/src/backend/utils/cache:
        inval.c (r1.89 -> r1.90)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/utils/cache/inval.c?r1=1.89&r2=1.90)
    pgsql/src/backend/utils/error:
        elog.c (r1.219 -> r1.220)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/utils/error/elog.c?r1=1.219&r2=1.220)
    pgsql/src/backend/utils/init:
        postinit.c (r1.198 -> r1.199)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/utils/init/postinit.c?r1=1.198&r2=1.199)
    pgsql/src/backend/utils/misc:
        guc.c (r1.527 -> r1.528)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/utils/misc/guc.c?r1=1.527&r2=1.528)
        postgresql.conf.sample (r1.271 -> r1.272)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/utils/misc/postgresql.conf.sample?r1=1.271&r2=1.272)
    pgsql/src/backend/utils/time:
        snapmgr.c (r1.12 -> r1.13)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/utils/time/snapmgr.c?r1=1.12&r2=1.13)
        tqual.c (r1.113 -> r1.114)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/utils/time/tqual.c?r1=1.113&r2=1.114)
    pgsql/src/bin/pg_controldata:
        pg_controldata.c (r1.44 -> r1.45)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/bin/pg_controldata/pg_controldata.c?r1=1.44&r2=1.45)
    pgsql/src/include:
        miscadmin.h (r1.215 -> r1.216)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/include/miscadmin.h?r1=1.215&r2=1.216)
    pgsql/src/include/access:
        heapam.h (r1.144 -> r1.145)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/include/access/heapam.h?r1=1.144&r2=1.145)
        htup.h (r1.107 -> r1.108)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/include/access/htup.h?r1=1.107&r2=1.108)
        nbtree.h (r1.125 -> r1.126)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/include/access/nbtree.h?r1=1.125&r2=1.126)
        relscan.h (r1.67 -> r1.68)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/include/access/relscan.h?r1=1.67&r2=1.68)
        rmgr.h (r1.19 -> r1.20)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/include/access/rmgr.h?r1=1.19&r2=1.20)
        subtrans.h (r1.12 -> r1.13)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/include/access/subtrans.h?r1=1.12&r2=1.13)
        transam.h (r1.70 -> r1.71)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/include/access/transam.h?r1=1.70&r2=1.71)
        twophase.h (r1.12 -> r1.13)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/include/access/twophase.h?r1=1.12&r2=1.13)
        twophase_rmgr.h (r1.9 -> r1.10)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/include/access/twophase_rmgr.h?r1=1.9&r2=1.10)
        xact.h (r1.98 -> r1.99)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/include/access/xact.h?r1=1.98&r2=1.99)
        xlog.h (r1.93 -> r1.94)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/include/access/xlog.h?r1=1.93&r2=1.94)
        xlog_internal.h (r1.25 -> r1.26)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/include/access/xlog_internal.h?r1=1.25&r2=1.26)
    pgsql/src/include/catalog:
        pg_control.h (r1.44 -> r1.45)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/include/catalog/pg_control.h?r1=1.44&r2=1.45)
        pg_proc.h (r1.556 -> r1.557)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h?r1=1.556&r2=1.557)
    pgsql/src/include/storage:
        lock.h (r1.116 -> r1.117)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/include/storage/lock.h?r1=1.116&r2=1.117)
        proc.h (r1.114 -> r1.115)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/include/storage/proc.h?r1=1.114&r2=1.115)
        procarray.h (r1.26 -> r1.27)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/include/storage/procarray.h?r1=1.26&r2=1.27)
        sinval.h (r1.53 -> r1.54)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/include/storage/sinval.h?r1=1.53&r2=1.54)
        sinvaladt.h (r1.51 -> r1.52)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/include/storage/sinvaladt.h?r1=1.51&r2=1.52)
    pgsql/src/include/utils:
        builtins.h (r1.341 -> r1.342)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/include/utils/builtins.h?r1=1.341&r2=1.342)
        snapshot.h (r1.5 -> r1.6)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/include/utils/snapshot.h?r1=1.5&r2=1.6)
    pgsql/src/test/regress:
        GNUmakefile (r1.80 -> r1.81)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/test/regress/GNUmakefile?r1=1.80&r2=1.81)
        pg_regress.c (r1.67 -> r1.68)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/test/regress/pg_regress.c?r1=1.67&r2=1.68)

Added Files:
-----------
    pgsql/src/backend/storage/ipc:
        standby.c (r1.1)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/backend/storage/ipc/standby.c?rev=1.1&content-type=text/x-cvsweb-markup)
    pgsql/src/include/storage:
        standby.h (r1.1)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/include/storage/standby.h?rev=1.1&content-type=text/x-cvsweb-markup)
    pgsql/src/test/regress:
        standby_schedule (r1.1)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/test/regress/standby_schedule?rev=1.1&content-type=text/x-cvsweb-markup)
    pgsql/src/test/regress/expected:
        hs_standby_allowed.out (r1.1)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/test/regress/expected/hs_standby_allowed.out?rev=1.1&content-type=text/x-cvsweb-markup)
        hs_standby_check.out (r1.1)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/test/regress/expected/hs_standby_check.out?rev=1.1&content-type=text/x-cvsweb-markup)
        hs_standby_disallowed.out (r1.1)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/test/regress/expected/hs_standby_disallowed.out?rev=1.1&content-type=text/x-cvsweb-markup)
        hs_standby_functions.out (r1.1)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/test/regress/expected/hs_standby_functions.out?rev=1.1&content-type=text/x-cvsweb-markup)
    pgsql/src/test/regress/sql:
        hs_primary_extremes.sql (r1.1)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/test/regress/sql/hs_primary_extremes.sql?rev=1.1&content-type=text/x-cvsweb-markup)
        hs_primary_setup.sql (r1.1)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/test/regress/sql/hs_primary_setup.sql?rev=1.1&content-type=text/x-cvsweb-markup)
        hs_standby_allowed.sql (r1.1)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/test/regress/sql/hs_standby_allowed.sql?rev=1.1&content-type=text/x-cvsweb-markup)
        hs_standby_check.sql (r1.1)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/test/regress/sql/hs_standby_check.sql?rev=1.1&content-type=text/x-cvsweb-markup)
        hs_standby_disallowed.sql (r1.1)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/test/regress/sql/hs_standby_disallowed.sql?rev=1.1&content-type=text/x-cvsweb-markup)
        hs_standby_functions.sql (r1.1)
        
(http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/src/test/regress/sql/hs_standby_functions.sql?rev=1.1&content-type=text/x-cvsweb-markup)

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