Hi,

On 3/13/18 12:13 PM, Stephen Frost wrote:
> * David Steele (da...@pgmasters.net) wrote:
>> On 3/13/18 11:00 AM, Tom Lane wrote:
>>>
>>> FWIW, I took a quick look through this patch and don't have any problem
>>> with the approach, which appears to be "use the data directory's
>>> startup-time permissions as the status indicator".  I am kinda wondering
>>> about this though:
>>>
>>> +    (These files can confuse <application>pg_ctl</application>.)  If group 
>>> read
>>> +    access is enabled on the data directory and an unprivileged user in the
>>> +    <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> group is performing the backup, 
>>> then
>>> +    <filename>postmaster.pid</filename> will not be readable and must be
>>> +    excluded.
>>>
>>> If we're allowing group read on the data directory, why should that not
>>> include postmaster.pid?  There's nothing terribly security-relevant in
>>> there, and being able to find out the postmaster PID seems useful.  I can
>>> see the point of restricting server key files, as documented elsewhere,
>>> but it's possible to keep those somewhere else so they don't cause
>>> problems for simple backup software.
>>
>> I'm OK with that.  I had a look at the warnings regarding the required
>> mode of postmaster.pid in miscinit.c (889-911) and it seems to me they
>> still hold true if the mode is 640 instead of 600.
>>
>> Do you agree, Tom?  Stephen?
>>
>> If so, I'll make those changes.
> 
> I agree that we can still consider an EPERM-error case as being ok even
> with the changes proposed, and with the same-user check happening
> earlier in checkDataDir(), we won't even get to the point of looking at
> the pid file if the userid's don't match.  The historical comment about
> the old datadir permissions can likely just be removed, perhaps replaced
> with a bit more commentary above that check in checkDataDir().  The
> open() call should also fail if we only have group-read privileges on
> the file (0640), but surely the kill() will in any case.

OK, that being the case a new patch set is attached that sets the mode
of postmaster.pid the same as other files in PGDATA.

I also cleaned up / corrected / added comments in various places.

Thanks,
-- 
-David
da...@pgmasters.net
From 026179cc58166d2b0c6e233ee28ea1d745cffba9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Steele <da...@pgmasters.net>
Date: Wed, 14 Mar 2018 13:48:35 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 1/3] pg_resetwal tests.

Adds a very basic test suite for pg_resetwal.
---
 src/bin/pg_resetwal/.gitignore     |  1 +
 src/bin/pg_resetwal/Makefile       |  6 +++++
 src/bin/pg_resetwal/t/001_basic.pl | 53 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 60 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 src/bin/pg_resetwal/t/001_basic.pl

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_resetwal/.gitignore b/src/bin/pg_resetwal/.gitignore
index 236abb4323..a950255fd7 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_resetwal/.gitignore
+++ b/src/bin/pg_resetwal/.gitignore
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 /pg_resetwal
+/tmp_check
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_resetwal/Makefile b/src/bin/pg_resetwal/Makefile
index 5ab7ad33e0..13c9ca6279 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_resetwal/Makefile
+++ b/src/bin/pg_resetwal/Makefile
@@ -33,3 +33,9 @@ uninstall:
 
 clean distclean maintainer-clean:
        rm -f pg_resetwal$(X) $(OBJS)
+
+check:
+       $(prove_check)
+
+installcheck:
+       $(prove_installcheck)
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_resetwal/t/001_basic.pl 
b/src/bin/pg_resetwal/t/001_basic.pl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b867fe3dba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/bin/pg_resetwal/t/001_basic.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use Config;
+use PostgresNode;
+use TestLib;
+use Test::More tests => 13;
+
+my $tempdir       = TestLib::tempdir;
+my $tempdir_short = TestLib::tempdir_short;
+
+program_help_ok('pg_resetwal');
+program_version_ok('pg_resetwal');
+program_options_handling_ok('pg_resetwal');
+
+# Initialize node without replication settings
+my $node = get_new_node('main');
+my $pgdata = $node->data_dir;
+my $pgwal = "$pgdata/pg_wal";
+$node->init;
+$node->start;
+
+# Remove WAL from pg_wal and make sure it gets rebuilt
+$node->stop;
+
+unlink("$pgwal/000000010000000000000001") == 1
+       or BAIL_OUT("unable to remove 000000010000000000000001");
+
+is_deeply(
+       [sort(slurp_dir($pgwal))], [sort(qw(. .. archive_status))], 'no WAL');
+
+$node->command_ok(['pg_resetwal', '-D', $pgdata], 'recreate pg_wal');
+
+is_deeply(
+       [sort(slurp_dir($pgwal))],
+       [sort(qw(. .. archive_status 000000010000000000000002))],
+       'WAL recreated');
+
+$node->start;
+
+# Reset to specific WAL segment
+$node->stop;
+
+$node->command_ok(
+       ['pg_resetwal', '-l', '000000070000000700000007', '-D', $pgdata],
+       'set to specific WAL');
+
+is_deeply(
+       [sort(slurp_dir($pgwal))],
+       [sort(qw(. .. archive_status 000000070000000700000007))],
+       'WAL recreated');
+
+$node->start;
-- 
2.14.3 (Apple Git-98)
From 7d091c7b46feabd706fd1a564f634bc718d72cc6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Steele <da...@pgmasters.net>
Date: Wed, 14 Mar 2018 13:53:03 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 2/3] Refactor file permissions in backend/frontend

Adds a new header (file_perm.h) and makes all front-end utilities use the new 
constants for setting umask. Converts mkdir() calls in the backend to 
MakeDirectoryDefaultPerm() if the original call used default permissions. Adds 
tests to make sure permissions in PGDATA are set correctly by the front-end 
tools.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c   |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/tablespace.c   | 18 +++++----
 src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c |  5 ++-
 src/backend/postmaster/syslogger.c  |  5 ++-
 src/backend/replication/slot.c      |  5 ++-
 src/backend/storage/file/copydir.c  |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/file/fd.c       | 32 ++++++++++------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/ipc.c       |  4 ++
 src/backend/utils/init/miscinit.c   |  5 ++-
 src/bin/initdb/initdb.c             | 24 ++++++------
 src/bin/initdb/t/001_initdb.pl      |  4 +-
 src/bin/pg_ctl/pg_ctl.c             |  4 +-
 src/bin/pg_ctl/t/001_start_stop.pl  | 13 +++++--
 src/bin/pg_resetwal/pg_resetwal.c   |  8 +++-
 src/bin/pg_resetwal/t/001_basic.pl  |  4 +-
 src/bin/pg_rewind/RewindTest.pm     |  4 ++
 src/bin/pg_rewind/file_ops.c        |  7 ++--
 src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c       |  4 ++
 src/bin/pg_rewind/t/001_basic.pl    |  3 +-
 src/bin/pg_upgrade/file.c           |  5 ++-
 src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c     |  3 +-
 src/bin/pg_upgrade/test.sh          | 11 ++++++
 src/include/common/file_perm.h      | 32 ++++++++++++++++
 src/include/storage/fd.h            |  3 ++
 src/test/perl/PostgresNode.pm       |  3 ++
 src/test/perl/TestLib.pm            | 73 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 26 files changed, 226 insertions(+), 57 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/include/common/file_perm.h

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c 
b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index 47a6c4d895..bf07bbd746 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -4086,7 +4086,7 @@ ValidateXLOGDirectoryStructure(void)
        {
                ereport(LOG,
                                (errmsg("creating missing WAL directory 
\"%s\"", path)));
-               if (mkdir(path, S_IRWXU) < 0)
+               if (MakeDirectoryDefaultPerm(path) < 0)
                        ereport(FATAL,
                                        (errmsg("could not create missing 
directory \"%s\": %m",
                                                        path)));
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablespace.c 
b/src/backend/commands/tablespace.c
index 5c450caa4e..f7e1818350 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablespace.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablespace.c
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@
 #include "commands/seclabel.h"
 #include "commands/tablecmds.h"
 #include "commands/tablespace.h"
+#include "common/file_perm.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "postmaster/bgwriter.h"
 #include "storage/fd.h"
@@ -151,7 +152,7 @@ TablespaceCreateDbspace(Oid spcNode, Oid dbNode, bool 
isRedo)
                        else
                        {
                                /* Directory creation failed? */
-                               if (mkdir(dir, S_IRWXU) < 0)
+                               if (MakeDirectoryDefaultPerm(dir) < 0)
                                {
                                        char       *parentdir;
 
@@ -173,7 +174,7 @@ TablespaceCreateDbspace(Oid spcNode, Oid dbNode, bool 
isRedo)
                                        get_parent_directory(parentdir);
                                        get_parent_directory(parentdir);
                                        /* Can't create parent and it doesn't 
already exist? */
-                                       if (mkdir(parentdir, S_IRWXU) < 0 && 
errno != EEXIST)
+                                       if (MakeDirectoryDefaultPerm(parentdir) 
< 0 && errno != EEXIST)
                                                ereport(ERROR,
                                                                
(errcode_for_file_access(),
                                                                 errmsg("could 
not create directory \"%s\": %m",
@@ -184,7 +185,7 @@ TablespaceCreateDbspace(Oid spcNode, Oid dbNode, bool 
isRedo)
                                        parentdir = pstrdup(dir);
                                        get_parent_directory(parentdir);
                                        /* Can't create parent and it doesn't 
already exist? */
-                                       if (mkdir(parentdir, S_IRWXU) < 0 && 
errno != EEXIST)
+                                       if (MakeDirectoryDefaultPerm(parentdir) 
< 0 && errno != EEXIST)
                                                ereport(ERROR,
                                                                
(errcode_for_file_access(),
                                                                 errmsg("could 
not create directory \"%s\": %m",
@@ -192,7 +193,7 @@ TablespaceCreateDbspace(Oid spcNode, Oid dbNode, bool 
isRedo)
                                        pfree(parentdir);
 
                                        /* Create database directory */
-                                       if (mkdir(dir, S_IRWXU) < 0)
+                                       if (MakeDirectoryDefaultPerm(dir) < 0)
                                                ereport(ERROR,
                                                                
(errcode_for_file_access(),
                                                                 errmsg("could 
not create directory \"%s\": %m",
@@ -279,7 +280,8 @@ CreateTableSpace(CreateTableSpaceStmt *stmt)
        /*
         * Check that location isn't too long. Remember that we're going to 
append
         * 'PG_XXX/<dboid>/<relid>_<fork>.<nnn>'.  FYI, we never actually
-        * reference the whole path here, but mkdir() uses the first two parts.
+        * reference the whole path here, but MakeDirectoryDefaultPerm() uses 
the first
+        * two parts.
         */
        if (strlen(location) + 1 + strlen(TABLESPACE_VERSION_DIRECTORY) + 1 +
                OIDCHARS + 1 + OIDCHARS + 1 + FORKNAMECHARS + 1 + OIDCHARS > 
MAXPGPATH)
@@ -574,7 +576,7 @@ create_tablespace_directories(const char *location, const 
Oid tablespaceoid)
         * Attempt to coerce target directory to safe permissions.  If this 
fails,
         * it doesn't exist or has the wrong owner.
         */
-       if (chmod(location, S_IRWXU) != 0)
+       if (chmod(location, PG_DIR_MODE_DEFAULT) != 0)
        {
                if (errno == ENOENT)
                        ereport(ERROR,
@@ -599,7 +601,7 @@ create_tablespace_directories(const char *location, const 
Oid tablespaceoid)
                if (stat(location_with_version_dir, &st) == 0 && 
S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
                {
                        if (!rmtree(location_with_version_dir, true))
-                               /* If this failed, mkdir() below is going to 
error. */
+                               /* If this failed, MakeDirectoryDefaultPerm() 
below is going to error. */
                                ereport(WARNING,
                                                (errmsg("some useless files may 
be left behind in old database directory \"%s\"",
                                                                
location_with_version_dir)));
@@ -610,7 +612,7 @@ create_tablespace_directories(const char *location, const 
Oid tablespaceoid)
         * The creation of the version directory prevents more than one 
tablespace
         * in a single location.
         */
-       if (mkdir(location_with_version_dir, S_IRWXU) < 0)
+       if (MakeDirectoryDefaultPerm(location_with_version_dir) < 0)
        {
                if (errno == EEXIST)
                        ereport(ERROR,
diff --git a/src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c 
b/src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c
index 660f3185e6..868fba8cac 100644
--- a/src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c
+++ b/src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c
@@ -97,6 +97,7 @@
 #include "access/xlog.h"
 #include "bootstrap/bootstrap.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_control.h"
+#include "common/file_perm.h"
 #include "common/ip.h"
 #include "lib/ilist.h"
 #include "libpq/auth.h"
@@ -589,7 +590,7 @@ PostmasterMain(int argc, char *argv[])
        /*
         * for security, no dir or file created can be group or other accessible
         */
-       umask(S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO);
+       umask(PG_MODE_MASK_DEFAULT);
 
        /*
         * Initialize random(3) so we don't get the same values in every run.
@@ -4492,7 +4493,7 @@ internal_forkexec(int argc, char *argv[], Port *port)
                 * As in OpenTemporaryFileInTablespace, try to make the 
temp-file
                 * directory
                 */
-               mkdir(PG_TEMP_FILES_DIR, S_IRWXU);
+               MakeDirectoryDefaultPerm(PG_TEMP_FILES_DIR);
 
                fp = AllocateFile(tmpfilename, PG_BINARY_W);
                if (!fp)
diff --git a/src/backend/postmaster/syslogger.c 
b/src/backend/postmaster/syslogger.c
index f70eea37df..ae23941f59 100644
--- a/src/backend/postmaster/syslogger.c
+++ b/src/backend/postmaster/syslogger.c
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 #include "postmaster/postmaster.h"
 #include "postmaster/syslogger.h"
 #include "storage/dsm.h"
+#include "storage/fd.h"
 #include "storage/ipc.h"
 #include "storage/latch.h"
 #include "storage/pg_shmem.h"
@@ -322,7 +323,7 @@ SysLoggerMain(int argc, char *argv[])
                                /*
                                 * Also, create new directory if not present; 
ignore errors
                                 */
-                               mkdir(Log_directory, S_IRWXU);
+                               MakeDirectoryDefaultPerm(Log_directory);
                        }
                        if (strcmp(Log_filename, currentLogFilename) != 0)
                        {
@@ -564,7 +565,7 @@ SysLogger_Start(void)
        /*
         * Create log directory if not present; ignore errors
         */
-       mkdir(Log_directory, S_IRWXU);
+       MakeDirectoryDefaultPerm(Log_directory);
 
        /*
         * The initial logfile is created right in the postmaster, to verify 
that
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/slot.c b/src/backend/replication/slot.c
index fc9ef22b0b..3a98360b50 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/slot.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/slot.c
@@ -1166,13 +1166,14 @@ CreateSlotOnDisk(ReplicationSlot *slot)
         * It's just barely possible that some previous effort to create or 
drop a
         * slot with this name left a temp directory lying around. If that seems
         * to be the case, try to remove it.  If the rmtree() fails, we'll error
-        * out at the mkdir() below, so we don't bother checking success.
+        * out at the MakeDirectoryDefaultPerm() below, so we don't bother 
checking
+        * success.
         */
        if (stat(tmppath, &st) == 0 && S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
                rmtree(tmppath, true);
 
        /* Create and fsync the temporary slot directory. */
-       if (mkdir(tmppath, S_IRWXU) < 0)
+       if (MakeDirectoryDefaultPerm(tmppath) < 0)
                ereport(ERROR,
                                (errcode_for_file_access(),
                                 errmsg("could not create directory \"%s\": %m",
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/file/copydir.c 
b/src/backend/storage/file/copydir.c
index ca6342db0d..ff980dc1f5 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/file/copydir.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/file/copydir.c
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ copydir(char *fromdir, char *todir, bool recurse)
        char            fromfile[MAXPGPATH * 2];
        char            tofile[MAXPGPATH * 2];
 
-       if (mkdir(todir, S_IRWXU) != 0)
+       if (MakeDirectoryDefaultPerm(todir) != 0)
                ereport(ERROR,
                                (errcode_for_file_access(),
                                 errmsg("could not create directory \"%s\": 
%m", todir)));
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/file/fd.c b/src/backend/storage/file/fd.c
index 2a18e94ff4..1491665375 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/file/fd.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/file/fd.c
@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@
 #include "access/xlog.h"
 #include "catalog/catalog.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
+#include "common/file_perm.h"
 #include "pgstat.h"
 #include "portability/mem.h"
 #include "storage/fd.h"
@@ -124,12 +125,6 @@
  */
 #define FD_MINFREE                             10
 
-/*
- * Default mode for created files, unless something else is specified using
- * the *Perm() function variants.
- */
-#define PG_FILE_MODE_DEFAULT   (S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR)
-
 /*
  * A number of platforms allow individual processes to open many more files
  * than they can really support when *many* processes do the same thing.
@@ -1435,7 +1430,7 @@ PathNameOpenFilePerm(const char *fileName, int fileFlags, 
mode_t fileMode)
 void
 PathNameCreateTemporaryDir(const char *basedir, const char *directory)
 {
-       if (mkdir(directory, S_IRWXU) < 0)
+       if (MakeDirectoryDefaultPerm(directory) < 0)
        {
                if (errno == EEXIST)
                        return;
@@ -1445,14 +1440,14 @@ PathNameCreateTemporaryDir(const char *basedir, const 
char *directory)
                 * EEXIST to close a race against another process following the 
same
                 * algorithm.
                 */
-               if (mkdir(basedir, S_IRWXU) < 0 && errno != EEXIST)
+               if (MakeDirectoryDefaultPerm(basedir) < 0 && errno != EEXIST)
                        ereport(ERROR,
                                        (errcode_for_file_access(),
                                         errmsg("cannot create temporary 
directory \"%s\": %m",
                                                        basedir)));
 
                /* Try again. */
-               if (mkdir(directory, S_IRWXU) < 0 && errno != EEXIST)
+               if (MakeDirectoryDefaultPerm(directory) < 0 && errno != EEXIST)
                        ereport(ERROR,
                                        (errcode_for_file_access(),
                                         errmsg("cannot create temporary 
subdirectory \"%s\": %m",
@@ -1602,11 +1597,11 @@ OpenTemporaryFileInTablespace(Oid tblspcOid, bool 
rejectError)
                 * We might need to create the tablespace's tempfile directory, 
if no
                 * one has yet done so.
                 *
-                * Don't check for error from mkdir; it could fail if someone 
else
-                * just did the same thing.  If it doesn't work then we'll bomb 
out on
+                * Don't check error from MakeDirectoryDefaultPerm; it could 
fail if someone
+                * else just did the same thing.  If it doesn't work then we'll 
bomb out on
                 * the second create attempt, instead.
                 */
-               mkdir(tempdirpath, S_IRWXU);
+               MakeDirectoryDefaultPerm(tempdirpath);
 
                file = PathNameOpenFile(tempfilepath,
                                                                O_RDWR | 
O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | PG_BINARY);
@@ -3555,3 +3550,16 @@ fsync_parent_path(const char *fname, int elevel)
 
        return 0;
 }
+
+/*
+ * Create a directory using PG_DIR_MODE_DEFAULT for permissions
+ *
+ * Directories in PGDATA should normally have specific permissions -- when
+ * using this function the caller does not need to know what they should be.
+ * For permissions other than the default use mkdir() directly.
+ */
+int
+MakeDirectoryDefaultPerm(const char *directoryName)
+{
+       return mkdir(directoryName, PG_DIR_MODE_DEFAULT);
+}
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/ipc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/ipc.c
index 726db7b7f1..466613e4af 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/ipc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/ipc.c
@@ -137,6 +137,10 @@ proc_exit(int code)
                else
                        snprintf(gprofDirName, 32, "gprof/%d", (int) getpid());
 
+               /*
+                * Use mkdir() instead of MakeDirectoryDefaultPerm() here 
because non-default
+                * permissions are required.
+                */
                mkdir("gprof", S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO);
                mkdir(gprofDirName, S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO);
                chdir(gprofDirName);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/init/miscinit.c 
b/src/backend/utils/init/miscinit.c
index 87ed7d3f71..82da4b9f27 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/init/miscinit.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/init/miscinit.c
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 
 #include "access/htup_details.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_authid.h"
+#include "common/file_perm.h"
 #include "libpq/libpq.h"
 #include "mb/pg_wchar.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
@@ -831,7 +832,7 @@ CreateLockFile(const char *filename, bool amPostmaster,
                 * Think not to make the file protection weaker than 0600.  See
                 * comments below.
                 */
-               fd = open(filename, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_EXCL, 0600);
+               fd = open(filename, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_EXCL, 
PG_FILE_MODE_DEFAULT);
                if (fd >= 0)
                        break;                          /* Success; exit the 
retry loop */
 
@@ -848,7 +849,7 @@ CreateLockFile(const char *filename, bool amPostmaster,
                 * Read the file to get the old owner's PID.  Note race 
condition
                 * here: file might have been deleted since we tried to create 
it.
                 */
-               fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY, 0600);
+               fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY, PG_FILE_MODE_DEFAULT);
                if (fd < 0)
                {
                        if (errno == ENOENT)
diff --git a/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c b/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c
index 65eba7d42f..0129ecf8c1 100644
--- a/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c
+++ b/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@
 #include "catalog/pg_authid.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_class.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_collation.h"
+#include "common/file_perm.h"
 #include "common/file_utils.h"
 #include "common/restricted_token.h"
 #include "common/username.h"
@@ -1170,7 +1171,7 @@ setup_config(void)
        snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/postgresql.conf", pg_data);
 
        writefile(path, conflines);
-       if (chmod(path, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR) != 0)
+       if (chmod(path, PG_FILE_MODE_DEFAULT) != 0)
        {
                fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not change permissions of \"%s\": 
%s\n"),
                                progname, path, strerror(errno));
@@ -1190,7 +1191,7 @@ setup_config(void)
        sprintf(path, "%s/postgresql.auto.conf", pg_data);
 
        writefile(path, autoconflines);
-       if (chmod(path, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR) != 0)
+       if (chmod(path, PG_FILE_MODE_DEFAULT) != 0)
        {
                fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not change permissions of \"%s\": 
%s\n"),
                                progname, path, strerror(errno));
@@ -1277,7 +1278,7 @@ setup_config(void)
        snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/pg_hba.conf", pg_data);
 
        writefile(path, conflines);
-       if (chmod(path, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR) != 0)
+       if (chmod(path, PG_FILE_MODE_DEFAULT) != 0)
        {
                fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not change permissions of \"%s\": 
%s\n"),
                                progname, path, strerror(errno));
@@ -1293,7 +1294,7 @@ setup_config(void)
        snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/pg_ident.conf", pg_data);
 
        writefile(path, conflines);
-       if (chmod(path, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR) != 0)
+       if (chmod(path, PG_FILE_MODE_DEFAULT) != 0)
        {
                fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not change permissions of \"%s\": 
%s\n"),
                                progname, path, strerror(errno));
@@ -2692,7 +2693,7 @@ create_data_directory(void)
                                   pg_data);
                        fflush(stdout);
 
-                       if (pg_mkdir_p(pg_data, S_IRWXU) != 0)
+                       if (pg_mkdir_p(pg_data, PG_DIR_MODE_DEFAULT) != 0)
                        {
                                fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not create 
directory \"%s\": %s\n"),
                                                progname, pg_data, 
strerror(errno));
@@ -2710,7 +2711,7 @@ create_data_directory(void)
                                   pg_data);
                        fflush(stdout);
 
-                       if (chmod(pg_data, S_IRWXU) != 0)
+                       if (chmod(pg_data, PG_DIR_MODE_DEFAULT) != 0)
                        {
                                fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not change 
permissions of directory \"%s\": %s\n"),
                                                progname, pg_data, 
strerror(errno));
@@ -2778,7 +2779,7 @@ create_xlog_or_symlink(void)
                                           xlog_dir);
                                fflush(stdout);
 
-                               if (pg_mkdir_p(xlog_dir, S_IRWXU) != 0)
+                               if (pg_mkdir_p(xlog_dir, PG_DIR_MODE_DEFAULT) 
!= 0)
                                {
                                        fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not create 
directory \"%s\": %s\n"),
                                                        progname, xlog_dir, 
strerror(errno));
@@ -2796,7 +2797,7 @@ create_xlog_or_symlink(void)
                                           xlog_dir);
                                fflush(stdout);
 
-                               if (chmod(xlog_dir, S_IRWXU) != 0)
+                               if (chmod(xlog_dir, PG_DIR_MODE_DEFAULT) != 0)
                                {
                                        fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not change 
permissions of directory \"%s\": %s\n"),
                                                        progname, xlog_dir, 
strerror(errno));
@@ -2846,7 +2847,7 @@ create_xlog_or_symlink(void)
        else
        {
                /* Without -X option, just make the subdirectory normally */
-               if (mkdir(subdirloc, S_IRWXU) < 0)
+               if (mkdir(subdirloc, PG_DIR_MODE_DEFAULT) < 0)
                {
                        fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not create directory 
\"%s\": %s\n"),
                                        progname, subdirloc, strerror(errno));
@@ -2882,7 +2883,8 @@ initialize_data_directory(void)
 
        setup_signals();
 
-       umask(S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO);
+       /* Set dir/file mode mask */
+       umask(PG_MODE_MASK_DEFAULT);
 
        create_data_directory();
 
@@ -2902,7 +2904,7 @@ initialize_data_directory(void)
                 * The parent directory already exists, so we only need mkdir() 
not
                 * pg_mkdir_p() here, which avoids some failure modes; cf bug 
#13853.
                 */
-               if (mkdir(path, S_IRWXU) < 0)
+               if (mkdir(path, PG_DIR_MODE_DEFAULT) < 0)
                {
                        fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not create directory 
\"%s\": %s\n"),
                                        progname, path, strerror(errno));
diff --git a/src/bin/initdb/t/001_initdb.pl b/src/bin/initdb/t/001_initdb.pl
index c0cfa6e92c..3331560445 100644
--- a/src/bin/initdb/t/001_initdb.pl
+++ b/src/bin/initdb/t/001_initdb.pl
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use strict;
 use warnings;
 use PostgresNode;
 use TestLib;
-use Test::More tests => 15;
+use Test::More tests => 16;
 
 my $tempdir = TestLib::tempdir;
 my $xlogdir = "$tempdir/pgxlog";
@@ -45,6 +45,8 @@ mkdir $datadir;
 
        command_ok([ 'initdb', '-N', '-T', 'german', '-X', $xlogdir, $datadir ],
                'successful creation');
+
+       ok(check_mode_recursive($datadir, 0700, 0600));
 }
 command_ok([ 'initdb', '-S', $datadir ], 'sync only');
 command_fails([ 'initdb', $datadir ], 'existing data directory');
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_ctl/pg_ctl.c b/src/bin/pg_ctl/pg_ctl.c
index 9bc830b085..e83a7179ea 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_ctl/pg_ctl.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_ctl/pg_ctl.c
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 
 #include "catalog/pg_control.h"
 #include "common/controldata_utils.h"
+#include "common/file_perm.h"
 #include "getopt_long.h"
 #include "utils/pidfile.h"
 
@@ -2170,7 +2171,8 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
         */
        argv0 = argv[0];
 
-       umask(S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO);
+       /* Set dir/file mode mask */
+       umask(PG_MODE_MASK_DEFAULT);
 
        /* support --help and --version even if invoked as root */
        if (argc > 1)
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_ctl/t/001_start_stop.pl 
b/src/bin/pg_ctl/t/001_start_stop.pl
index 5da4746cb4..3d82abe696 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_ctl/t/001_start_stop.pl
+++ b/src/bin/pg_ctl/t/001_start_stop.pl
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use warnings;
 use Config;
 use PostgresNode;
 use TestLib;
-use Test::More tests => 19;
+use Test::More tests => 20;
 
 my $tempdir       = TestLib::tempdir;
 my $tempdir_short = TestLib::tempdir_short;
@@ -57,10 +57,15 @@ command_ok([ 'pg_ctl', 'stop', '-D', "$tempdir/data" ], 
'pg_ctl stop');
 command_fails([ 'pg_ctl', 'stop', '-D', "$tempdir/data" ],
        'second pg_ctl stop fails');
 
+# Log file for first perm test
+my $logFileName = "$tempdir/data/perm-test-600.log";
+
 command_ok(
-       [ 'pg_ctl', 'restart', '-D', "$tempdir/data" ],
+       [ 'pg_ctl', 'restart', '-D', "$tempdir/data", '-l', $logFileName ],
        'pg_ctl restart with server not running');
-command_ok([ 'pg_ctl', 'restart', '-D', "$tempdir/data" ],
-       'pg_ctl restart with server running');
+
+# Log file should exist and have no group permissions
+ok(-f $logFileName);
+ok(check_mode_recursive("$tempdir/data", 0700, 0600));
 
 system_or_bail 'pg_ctl', 'stop', '-D', "$tempdir/data";
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_resetwal/pg_resetwal.c 
b/src/bin/pg_resetwal/pg_resetwal.c
index a132cf2e9f..47abd41fc3 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_resetwal/pg_resetwal.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_resetwal/pg_resetwal.c
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@
 #include "catalog/catversion.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_control.h"
 #include "common/fe_memutils.h"
+#include "common/file_perm.h"
 #include "common/restricted_token.h"
 #include "storage/large_object.h"
 #include "pg_getopt.h"
@@ -327,6 +328,9 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
                exit(1);
        }
 
+       /* Set dir/file mode mask */
+       umask(PG_MODE_MASK_DEFAULT);
+
        /* Check that data directory matches our server version */
        CheckDataVersion();
 
@@ -919,7 +923,7 @@ RewriteControlFile(void)
 
        fd = open(XLOG_CONTROL_FILE,
                          O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_EXCL | PG_BINARY,
-                         S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
+                         PG_FILE_MODE_DEFAULT);
        if (fd < 0)
        {
                fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not create pg_control file: %s\n"),
@@ -1201,7 +1205,7 @@ WriteEmptyXLOG(void)
        unlink(path);
 
        fd = open(path, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_EXCL | PG_BINARY,
-                         S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
+                         PG_FILE_MODE_DEFAULT);
        if (fd < 0)
        {
                fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not open file \"%s\": %s\n"),
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_resetwal/t/001_basic.pl 
b/src/bin/pg_resetwal/t/001_basic.pl
index b867fe3dba..674e11b692 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_resetwal/t/001_basic.pl
+++ b/src/bin/pg_resetwal/t/001_basic.pl
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use warnings;
 use Config;
 use PostgresNode;
 use TestLib;
-use Test::More tests => 13;
+use Test::More tests => 14;
 
 my $tempdir       = TestLib::tempdir;
 my $tempdir_short = TestLib::tempdir_short;
@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@ is_deeply(
        [sort(qw(. .. archive_status 000000010000000000000002))],
        'WAL recreated');
 
+ok(check_mode_recursive($pgdata, 0700, 0600), 'check PGDATA permissions');
+
 $node->start;
 
 # Reset to specific WAL segment
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_rewind/RewindTest.pm b/src/bin/pg_rewind/RewindTest.pm
index 00b5b42dd7..7b632c7dcd 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_rewind/RewindTest.pm
+++ b/src/bin/pg_rewind/RewindTest.pm
@@ -237,6 +237,10 @@ sub run_pg_rewind
                "$tmp_folder/master-postgresql.conf.tmp",
                "$master_pgdata/postgresql.conf");
 
+       chmod(0600, "$master_pgdata/postgresql.conf")
+               or BAIL_OUT(
+                       "unable to set permissions for 
$master_pgdata/postgresql.conf");
+
        # Plug-in rewound node to the now-promoted standby node
        my $port_standby = $node_standby->port;
        $node_master->append_conf(
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_rewind/file_ops.c b/src/bin/pg_rewind/file_ops.c
index 705383d184..d51914e901 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_rewind/file_ops.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_rewind/file_ops.c
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+#include "common/file_perm.h"
 #include "file_ops.h"
 #include "filemap.h"
 #include "logging.h"
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ open_target_file(const char *path, bool trunc)
        mode = O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | PG_BINARY;
        if (trunc)
                mode |= O_TRUNC;
-       dstfd = open(dstpath, mode, 0600);
+       dstfd = open(dstpath, mode, PG_FILE_MODE_DEFAULT);
        if (dstfd < 0)
                pg_fatal("could not open target file \"%s\": %s\n",
                                 dstpath, strerror(errno));
@@ -190,7 +191,7 @@ truncate_target_file(const char *path, off_t newsize)
 
        snprintf(dstpath, sizeof(dstpath), "%s/%s", datadir_target, path);
 
-       fd = open(dstpath, O_WRONLY, 0);
+       fd = open(dstpath, O_WRONLY, PG_FILE_MODE_DEFAULT);
        if (fd < 0)
                pg_fatal("could not open file \"%s\" for truncation: %s\n",
                                 dstpath, strerror(errno));
@@ -211,7 +212,7 @@ create_target_dir(const char *path)
                return;
 
        snprintf(dstpath, sizeof(dstpath), "%s/%s", datadir_target, path);
-       if (mkdir(dstpath, S_IRWXU) != 0)
+       if (mkdir(dstpath, PG_DIR_MODE_DEFAULT) != 0)
                pg_fatal("could not create directory \"%s\": %s\n",
                                 dstpath, strerror(errno));
 }
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c b/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c
index 72ab2f8d5e..3d179e2c7d 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "access/xlog_internal.h"
 #include "catalog/catversion.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_control.h"
+#include "common/file_perm.h"
 #include "common/restricted_token.h"
 #include "getopt_long.h"
 #include "storage/bufpage.h"
@@ -185,6 +186,9 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
                exit(1);
        }
 
+       /* Set dir/file mode mask */
+       umask(PG_MODE_MASK_DEFAULT);
+
        /*
         * Don't allow pg_rewind to be run as root, to avoid overwriting the
         * ownership of files in the data directory. We need only check for root
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_rewind/t/001_basic.pl b/src/bin/pg_rewind/t/001_basic.pl
index 736f34eae3..559dc53602 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_rewind/t/001_basic.pl
+++ b/src/bin/pg_rewind/t/001_basic.pl
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use strict;
 use warnings;
 use TestLib;
-use Test::More tests => 8;
+use Test::More tests => 10;
 
 use RewindTest;
 
@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@ in master, before promotion
 ),
                'tail-copy');
 
+       ok (check_mode_recursive($node_master->data_dir(), 0700, 0600));
        RewindTest::clean_rewind_test();
 }
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/file.c b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/file.c
index f38bfacf02..595d43ee31 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/file.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/file.c
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include "postgres_fe.h"
 
 #include "access/visibilitymap.h"
+#include "common/file_perm.h"
 #include "pg_upgrade.h"
 #include "storage/bufpage.h"
 #include "storage/checksum.h"
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ copyFile(const char *src, const char *dst,
                                 schemaName, relName, src, strerror(errno));
 
        if ((dest_fd = open(dst, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_EXCL | PG_BINARY,
-                                               S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR)) < 0)
+                                               PG_FILE_MODE_DEFAULT)) < 0)
                pg_fatal("error while copying relation \"%s.%s\": could not 
create file \"%s\": %s\n",
                                 schemaName, relName, dst, strerror(errno));
 
@@ -151,7 +152,7 @@ rewriteVisibilityMap(const char *fromfile, const char 
*tofile,
                                 schemaName, relName, fromfile, 
strerror(errno));
 
        if ((dst_fd = open(tofile, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_EXCL | PG_BINARY,
-                                          S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR)) < 0)
+                                          PG_FILE_MODE_DEFAULT)) < 0)
                pg_fatal("error while copying relation \"%s.%s\": could not 
create file \"%s\": %s\n",
                                 schemaName, relName, tofile, strerror(errno));
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c
index d12412799f..59df6fd88f 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
 
 #include "pg_upgrade.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_class.h"
+#include "common/file_perm.h"
 #include "common/restricted_token.h"
 #include "fe_utils/string_utils.h"
 
@@ -79,7 +80,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
        set_pglocale_pgservice(argv[0], PG_TEXTDOMAIN("pg_upgrade"));
 
        /* Ensure that all files created by pg_upgrade are non-world-readable */
-       umask(S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO);
+       umask(PG_MODE_MASK_DEFAULT);
 
        parseCommandLine(argc, argv);
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/test.sh b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/test.sh
index 39983abea1..4e8db4aaf4 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/test.sh
+++ b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/test.sh
@@ -230,6 +230,17 @@ standard_initdb 'initdb'
 
 pg_upgrade $PG_UPGRADE_OPTS -d "${PGDATA}.old" -D "${PGDATA}" -b "$oldbindir" 
-B "$bindir" -p "$PGPORT" -P "$PGPORT"
 
+# make sure all directories and files have group permissions
+if [ $(find ${PGDATA} -type f ! -perm 600 | wc -l) -ne 0 ]; then
+       echo "files in PGDATA with permission != 600";
+       exit 1;
+fi
+
+if [ $(find ${PGDATA} -type d ! -perm 700 | wc -l) -ne 0 ]; then
+       echo "directories in PGDATA with permission != 700";
+       exit 1;
+fi
+
 pg_ctl start -l "$logdir/postmaster2.log" -o "$POSTMASTER_OPTS" -w
 
 case $testhost in
diff --git a/src/include/common/file_perm.h b/src/include/common/file_perm.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3c6da0e000
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/include/common/file_perm.h
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *
+ * File and directory permission constants
+ *
+ *
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2018, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+ *
+ * src/include/common/file_perm.h
+ *
+ *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+#ifndef FILE_PERM_H
+#define FILE_PERM_H
+
+/*
+ * Default mode mask for data directory permissions that does not allow
+ * group execute/read.
+ */
+#define PG_MODE_MASK_DEFAULT           (S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO)
+
+/*
+ * Default mode for created files.
+ */
+#define PG_FILE_MODE_DEFAULT           (S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR)
+
+/*
+ * Default mode for directories.
+ */
+#define PG_DIR_MODE_DEFAULT                    S_IRWXU
+
+#endif                                                 /* FILE_PERM_H */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/fd.h b/src/include/storage/fd.h
index 4244e7b1fd..33c636471b 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/fd.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/fd.h
@@ -112,6 +112,9 @@ extern int  CloseTransientFile(int fd);
 extern int     BasicOpenFile(const char *fileName, int fileFlags);
 extern int     BasicOpenFilePerm(const char *fileName, int fileFlags, mode_t 
fileMode);
 
+ /* Make a directory with default permissions */
+extern int MakeDirectoryDefaultPerm(const char *directoryName);
+
 /* Miscellaneous support routines */
 extern void InitFileAccess(void);
 extern void set_max_safe_fds(void);
diff --git a/src/test/perl/PostgresNode.pm b/src/test/perl/PostgresNode.pm
index 80188315f1..76e571b98c 100644
--- a/src/test/perl/PostgresNode.pm
+++ b/src/test/perl/PostgresNode.pm
@@ -484,6 +484,9 @@ sub append_conf
        my $conffile = $self->data_dir . '/' . $filename;
 
        TestLib::append_to_file($conffile, $str . "\n");
+
+    chmod(0600, $conffile)
+        or die("unable to set permissions for $conffile");
 }
 
 =pod
diff --git a/src/test/perl/TestLib.pm b/src/test/perl/TestLib.pm
index 7d017d49bd..9de8dc9041 100644
--- a/src/test/perl/TestLib.pm
+++ b/src/test/perl/TestLib.pm
@@ -12,8 +12,11 @@ use warnings;
 
 use Config;
 use Exporter 'import';
+use Fcntl qw(:mode);
 use File::Basename;
+use File::Find;
 use File::Spec;
+use File::stat qw(stat);
 use File::Temp ();
 use IPC::Run;
 use SimpleTee;
@@ -26,6 +29,7 @@ our @EXPORT = qw(
   slurp_dir
   slurp_file
   append_to_file
+  check_mode_recursive
   check_pg_config
   system_or_bail
   system_log
@@ -222,6 +226,75 @@ sub append_to_file
        close $fh;
 }
 
+# Check that all file/dir modes in a directory match the expected values,
+# ignoring the mode of any specified files.
+sub check_mode_recursive
+{
+       my ($dir, $expected_dir_mode, $expected_file_mode, $ignore_list) = @_;
+
+       # Result defaults to true
+       my $result = 1;
+
+       find
+       (
+               {follow_fast => 1,
+               wanted =>
+                       sub
+                       {
+                               my $file_stat = stat($File::Find::name);
+
+                               # Is file in the ignore list?
+                               foreach my $ignore ($ignore_list ? 
@{$ignore_list} : [])
+                               {
+                                       if ("$dir/$ignore" eq $File::Find::name)
+                                       {
+                                               return;
+                                       }
+                               }
+
+                               defined($file_stat)
+                                       or die("unable to stat 
$File::Find::name");
+
+                               my $file_mode = S_IMODE($file_stat->mode);
+
+                               # Is this a file?
+                               if (S_ISREG($file_stat->mode))
+                               {
+                                       if ($file_mode != $expected_file_mode)
+                                       {
+                                               print(*STDERR,
+                                                       
sprintf("$File::Find::name mode must be %04o\n",
+                                                       $expected_file_mode));
+
+                                               $result = 0;
+                                               return;
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               # Else a directory?
+                               elsif (S_ISDIR($file_stat->mode))
+                               {
+                                       if ($file_mode != $expected_dir_mode)
+                                       {
+                                               print(*STDERR,
+                                                       
sprintf("$File::Find::name mode must be %04o\n",
+                                                       $expected_dir_mode));
+
+                                               $result = 0;
+                                               return;
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               # Else something we can't handle
+                               else
+                               {
+                                       die "unknown file type for 
$File::Find::name";
+                               }
+                       }},
+               $dir
+       );
+
+       return $result;
+}
+
 # Check presence of a given regexp within pg_config.h for the installation
 # where tests are running, returning a match status result depending on
 # that.
-- 
2.14.3 (Apple Git-98)
From 6de93d57ea256bfd606ee56adf2f9725781c618b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Steele <da...@pgmasters.net>
Date: Wed, 14 Mar 2018 13:54:48 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 3/3] Allow group access on PGDATA.

This includes backend changes, utility changes (initdb, pg_ctl, pg_upgrade, 
etc.) and tests for each utility.
---
 doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml         | 19 ++++++++++++++
 doc/src/sgml/runtime.sgml            | 14 ++++++++++-
 src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c  | 34 +++++++++++++++++--------
 src/backend/utils/init/miscinit.c    | 21 +++++++---------
 src/bin/initdb/initdb.c              | 22 +++++++++++------
 src/bin/initdb/t/001_initdb.pl       | 13 +++++++++-
 src/bin/pg_ctl/pg_ctl.c              |  5 +++-
 src/bin/pg_ctl/t/001_start_stop.pl   | 24 +++++++++++++++++-
 src/bin/pg_resetwal/pg_resetwal.c    |  4 +--
 src/bin/pg_resetwal/t/001_basic.pl   |  9 +++++--
 src/bin/pg_rewind/RewindTest.pm      |  9 ++++---
 src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c        |  4 +--
 src/bin/pg_rewind/t/002_databases.pl |  6 +++--
 src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c      |  5 +++-
 src/bin/pg_upgrade/test.sh           | 14 +++++------
 src/common/Makefile                  |  2 +-
 src/common/file_perm.c               | 48 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/common/file_perm.h       | 27 ++++++++++++++++----
 src/test/perl/PostgresNode.pm        | 27 +++++++++++++++++++-
 src/test/perl/TestLib.pm             | 25 +++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/msvc/Mkvcbuild.pm          |  2 +-
 21 files changed, 273 insertions(+), 61 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/common/file_perm.c

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml
index 585665f161..5f57b933b9 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml
@@ -76,6 +76,14 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
    to do so.)
   </para>
 
+  <para>
+    For security reasons the new cluster created by <command>initdb</command>
+    will only be accessible by the cluster owner by default.  The
+    <option>--allow-group-access</option> option allows any user in the same
+    group as the cluster owner to read files in the cluster.  This is useful
+    for performing backups as a non-privileged user.
+  </para>
+
   <para>
    <command>initdb</command> initializes the database cluster's default
    locale and character set encoding. The character set encoding,
@@ -301,6 +309,17 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry>
+      <term><option>-g</option></term>
+      <term><option>--allow-group-access</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        Allows users in the same group as the cluster owner to read all cluster
+        files created by <command>initdb</command>.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry>
       <term><option>-W</option></term>
       <term><option>--pwprompt</option></term>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/runtime.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/runtime.sgml
index 587b430527..40ce3d9813 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/runtime.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/runtime.sgml
@@ -137,7 +137,10 @@ postgres$ <userinput>initdb -D 
/usr/local/pgsql/data</userinput>
    database, it is essential that it be secured from unauthorized
    access. <command>initdb</command> therefore revokes access
    permissions from everyone but the
-   <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> user.
+   <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> user, and optionally, group.
+   Group access, when enabled, is read-only.  This allows an unprivileged
+   user in the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> group to take a backup of
+   the cluster data or perform other operations that only require read access.
   </para>
 
   <para>
@@ -2194,6 +2197,15 @@ pg_dumpall -p 5432 | psql -d postgres -p 5433
    member of the group that has access to those certificate and key files.
   </para>
 
+  <para>
+    If the data directory allows group read access then certificate files may
+    need to be located outside of the data directory in order to conform to the
+    security requirements outlined above.  Generally, group access is enabled
+    to allow an unprivileged user to backup the database, and in that case the
+    backup software will not be able to read the certificate files and will
+    likely error.
+  </para>
+
   <para>
    If the private key is protected with a passphrase, the
    server will prompt for the passphrase and will not start until it has
diff --git a/src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c 
b/src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c
index 868fba8cac..4b79f4b7e7 100644
--- a/src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c
+++ b/src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c
@@ -588,7 +588,9 @@ PostmasterMain(int argc, char *argv[])
        IsPostmasterEnvironment = true;
 
        /*
-        * for security, no dir or file created can be group or other accessible
+        * By default, no directory or file created can be group or other
+        * accessible.  This may be modified later depending on the permissions 
of
+        * the data directory.
         */
        umask(PG_MODE_MASK_DEFAULT);
 
@@ -1522,25 +1524,37 @@ checkDataDir(void)
 #endif
 
        /*
-        * Check if the directory has group or world access.  If so, reject.
+        * Check if the directory has correct permissions.  If not, reject.
         *
-        * It would be possible to allow weaker constraints (for example, allow
-        * group access) but we cannot make a general assumption that that is
-        * okay; for example there are platforms where nearly all users
-        * customarily belong to the same group.  Perhaps this test should be
-        * configurable.
+        * Only two possible modes are allowed, 0700 and 0750.  The latter mode
+        * indicates that group read/execute should be allowed on all newly 
created
+        * files and directories.
         *
         * XXX temporarily suppress check when on Windows, because there may not
         * be proper support for Unix-y file permissions.  Need to think of a
         * reasonable check to apply on Windows.
         */
 #if !defined(WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
-       if (stat_buf.st_mode & (S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO))
+       if (stat_buf.st_mode & PG_MODE_MASK_ALLOW_GROUP)
                ereport(FATAL,
                                
(errcode(ERRCODE_OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE),
-                                errmsg("data directory \"%s\" has group or 
world access",
+                                errmsg("data directory \"%s\" has invalid 
permissions",
                                                DataDir),
-                                errdetail("Permissions should be u=rwx 
(0700).")));
+                                errdetail("Permissions should be u=rwx (0700) 
or u=rwx,g=rx (0750).")));
+#endif
+
+       /*
+        * Reset the file mode creation mask based on the mode of the data
+        * directory. The mask was set earlier in startup to disallow group
+        * permissions on newly created files and directories.  However, if 
group
+        * read/execute are present on the data directory then modify the mask 
to
+        * allow group read/execute on newly created files and directories.
+        *
+        * Suppress when on Windows, because there may not be proper support
+        * for Unix-y file permissions.
+        */
+#if !defined(WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+       umask(PG_MODE_MASK_DEFAULT & ~stat_buf.st_mode);
 #endif
 
        /* Look for PG_VERSION before looking for pg_control */
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/init/miscinit.c 
b/src/backend/utils/init/miscinit.c
index 82da4b9f27..b14817dd32 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/init/miscinit.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/init/miscinit.c
@@ -829,7 +829,7 @@ CreateLockFile(const char *filename, bool amPostmaster,
                /*
                 * Try to create the lock file --- O_EXCL makes this atomic.
                 *
-                * Think not to make the file protection weaker than 0600.  See
+                * Think not to make the file protection weaker than 0600/0640. 
 See
                 * comments below.
                 */
                fd = open(filename, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_EXCL, 
PG_FILE_MODE_DEFAULT);
@@ -899,17 +899,14 @@ CreateLockFile(const char *filename, bool amPostmaster,
                 * implies that the existing process has a different userid 
than we
                 * do, which means it cannot be a competing postmaster.  A 
postmaster
                 * cannot successfully attach to a data directory owned by a 
userid
-                * other than its own.  (This is now checked directly in
-                * checkDataDir(), but has been true for a long time because of 
the
-                * restriction that the data directory isn't group- or
-                * world-accessible.)  Also, since we create the lockfiles mode 
600,
-                * we'd have failed above if the lockfile belonged to another 
userid
-                * --- which means that whatever process kill() is reporting 
about
-                * isn't the one that made the lockfile.  (NOTE: this last
-                * consideration is the only one that keeps us from blowing 
away a
-                * Unix socket file belonging to an instance of Postgres being 
run by
-                * someone else, at least on machines where /tmp hasn't got a
-                * stickybit.)
+                * other than its own, as enforced in checkDataDir(). Also, 
since we
+                * create the lockfiles mode 0600/0640, we'd have failed above 
if the
+                * lockfile belonged to another userid --- which means that 
whatever
+                * process kill() is reporting about isn't the one that made the
+                * lockfile.  (NOTE: this last consideration is the only one 
that keeps
+                * us from blowing away a Unix socket file belonging to an 
instance of
+                * Postgres being run by someone else, at least on machines 
where /tmp
+                * hasn't got a stickybit.)
                 */
                if (other_pid != my_pid && other_pid != my_p_pid &&
                        other_pid != my_gp_pid)
diff --git a/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c b/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c
index 0129ecf8c1..f322610679 100644
--- a/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c
+++ b/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c
@@ -145,6 +145,7 @@ static bool data_checksums = false;
 static char *xlog_dir = NULL;
 static char *str_wal_segment_size_mb = NULL;
 static int     wal_segment_size_mb;
+static mode_t file_mode_mask = PG_MODE_MASK_DEFAULT;
 
 
 /* internal vars */
@@ -1171,7 +1172,7 @@ setup_config(void)
        snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/postgresql.conf", pg_data);
 
        writefile(path, conflines);
-       if (chmod(path, PG_FILE_MODE_DEFAULT) != 0)
+       if (chmod(path, PG_FILE_MODE_DEFAULT & ~file_mode_mask) != 0)
        {
                fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not change permissions of \"%s\": 
%s\n"),
                                progname, path, strerror(errno));
@@ -1191,7 +1192,7 @@ setup_config(void)
        sprintf(path, "%s/postgresql.auto.conf", pg_data);
 
        writefile(path, autoconflines);
-       if (chmod(path, PG_FILE_MODE_DEFAULT) != 0)
+       if (chmod(path, PG_FILE_MODE_DEFAULT & ~file_mode_mask) != 0)
        {
                fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not change permissions of \"%s\": 
%s\n"),
                                progname, path, strerror(errno));
@@ -1278,7 +1279,7 @@ setup_config(void)
        snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/pg_hba.conf", pg_data);
 
        writefile(path, conflines);
-       if (chmod(path, PG_FILE_MODE_DEFAULT) != 0)
+       if (chmod(path, PG_FILE_MODE_DEFAULT & ~file_mode_mask) != 0)
        {
                fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not change permissions of \"%s\": 
%s\n"),
                                progname, path, strerror(errno));
@@ -1294,7 +1295,7 @@ setup_config(void)
        snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/pg_ident.conf", pg_data);
 
        writefile(path, conflines);
-       if (chmod(path, PG_FILE_MODE_DEFAULT) != 0)
+       if (chmod(path, PG_FILE_MODE_DEFAULT & ~file_mode_mask) != 0)
        {
                fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not change permissions of \"%s\": 
%s\n"),
                                progname, path, strerror(errno));
@@ -2312,6 +2313,7 @@ usage(const char *progname)
        printf(_("      --auth-local=METHOD   default authentication method for 
local-socket connections\n"));
        printf(_(" [-D, --pgdata=]DATADIR     location for this database 
cluster\n"));
        printf(_("  -E, --encoding=ENCODING   set default encoding for new 
databases\n"));
+       printf(_("  -g, --allow-group-access  allow group read/execute on data 
directory\n"));
        printf(_("      --locale=LOCALE       set default locale for new 
databases\n"));
        printf(_("      --lc-collate=, --lc-ctype=, --lc-messages=LOCALE\n"
                         "      --lc-monetary=, --lc-numeric=, 
--lc-time=LOCALE\n"
@@ -2711,7 +2713,7 @@ create_data_directory(void)
                                   pg_data);
                        fflush(stdout);
 
-                       if (chmod(pg_data, PG_DIR_MODE_DEFAULT) != 0)
+                       if (chmod(pg_data, PG_DIR_MODE_DEFAULT & 
~file_mode_mask) != 0)
                        {
                                fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not change 
permissions of directory \"%s\": %s\n"),
                                                progname, pg_data, 
strerror(errno));
@@ -2797,7 +2799,7 @@ create_xlog_or_symlink(void)
                                           xlog_dir);
                                fflush(stdout);
 
-                               if (chmod(xlog_dir, PG_DIR_MODE_DEFAULT) != 0)
+                               if (chmod(xlog_dir, PG_DIR_MODE_DEFAULT & 
~file_mode_mask) != 0)
                                {
                                        fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not change 
permissions of directory \"%s\": %s\n"),
                                                        progname, xlog_dir, 
strerror(errno));
@@ -2884,7 +2886,7 @@ initialize_data_directory(void)
        setup_signals();
 
        /* Set dir/file mode mask */
-       umask(PG_MODE_MASK_DEFAULT);
+       umask(file_mode_mask);
 
        create_data_directory();
 
@@ -3018,6 +3020,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
                {"waldir", required_argument, NULL, 'X'},
                {"wal-segsize", required_argument, NULL, 12},
                {"data-checksums", no_argument, NULL, 'k'},
+               {"allow-group-access", no_argument, NULL, 'g'},
                {NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
        };
 
@@ -3059,7 +3062,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
        /* process command-line options */
 
-       while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "dD:E:kL:nNU:WA:sST:X:", 
long_options, &option_index)) != -1)
+       while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "dD:E:kL:nNU:WA:sST:X:g", 
long_options, &option_index)) != -1)
        {
                switch (c)
                {
@@ -3153,6 +3156,9 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
                        case 12:
                                str_wal_segment_size_mb = pg_strdup(optarg);
                                break;
+                       case 'g':
+                               file_mode_mask = PG_MODE_MASK_ALLOW_GROUP;
+                               break;
                        default:
                                /* getopt_long already emitted a complaint */
                                fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more 
information.\n"),
diff --git a/src/bin/initdb/t/001_initdb.pl b/src/bin/initdb/t/001_initdb.pl
index 3331560445..f08fc6ea8f 100644
--- a/src/bin/initdb/t/001_initdb.pl
+++ b/src/bin/initdb/t/001_initdb.pl
@@ -4,9 +4,11 @@
 
 use strict;
 use warnings;
+use Fcntl ':mode';
+use File::stat qw{lstat};
 use PostgresNode;
 use TestLib;
-use Test::More tests => 16;
+use Test::More tests => 18;
 
 my $tempdir = TestLib::tempdir;
 my $xlogdir = "$tempdir/pgxlog";
@@ -50,3 +52,12 @@ mkdir $datadir;
 }
 command_ok([ 'initdb', '-S', $datadir ], 'sync only');
 command_fails([ 'initdb', $datadir ], 'existing data directory');
+
+# Init a new db with group access
+my $datadir_group = "$tempdir/data_group";
+
+command_ok(
+       [ 'initdb', '-g', $datadir_group ],
+       'successful creation with group access');
+
+ok(check_mode_recursive($datadir_group, 0750, 0640));
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_ctl/pg_ctl.c b/src/bin/pg_ctl/pg_ctl.c
index e83a7179ea..bb70e625fd 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_ctl/pg_ctl.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_ctl/pg_ctl.c
@@ -2171,7 +2171,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
         */
        argv0 = argv[0];
 
-       /* Set dir/file mode mask */
+       /* Set restrictive mode mask until PGDATA permissions are checked */
        umask(PG_MODE_MASK_DEFAULT);
 
        /* support --help and --version even if invoked as root */
@@ -2407,6 +2407,9 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
                snprintf(version_file, MAXPGPATH, "%s/PG_VERSION", pg_data);
                snprintf(pid_file, MAXPGPATH, "%s/postmaster.pid", pg_data);
                snprintf(backup_file, MAXPGPATH, "%s/backup_label", pg_data);
+
+               /* Set mask based on PGDATA permissions */
+               umask(DataDirectoryMask(pg_data));
        }
 
        switch (ctl_command)
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_ctl/t/001_start_stop.pl 
b/src/bin/pg_ctl/t/001_start_stop.pl
index 3d82abe696..91e7f00326 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_ctl/t/001_start_stop.pl
+++ b/src/bin/pg_ctl/t/001_start_stop.pl
@@ -2,9 +2,11 @@ use strict;
 use warnings;
 
 use Config;
+use Fcntl ':mode';
+use File::stat qw{lstat};
 use PostgresNode;
 use TestLib;
-use Test::More tests => 20;
+use Test::More tests => 24;
 
 my $tempdir       = TestLib::tempdir;
 my $tempdir_short = TestLib::tempdir_short;
@@ -68,4 +70,24 @@ command_ok(
 ok(-f $logFileName);
 ok(check_mode_recursive("$tempdir/data", 0700, 0600));
 
+# Log file for second perm test
+$logFileName = "$tempdir/data/perm-test-640.log";
+
+# Change the data dir mode so log file will be created with group read
+# privileges on the next start
+system_or_bail 'pg_ctl', 'stop', '-D', "$tempdir/data";
+
+chmod_recursive("$tempdir/data", 0750, 0640);
+
+command_ok(
+       [ 'pg_ctl', 'start', '-D', "$tempdir/data", '-l', $logFileName ],
+       'start server to check group permissions');
+
+ok(-f $logFileName);
+ok(check_mode_recursive("$tempdir/data", 0750, 0640));
+
+command_ok(
+       [ 'pg_ctl', 'restart', '-D', "$tempdir/data", '-l', $logFileName ],
+       'pg_ctl restart with server running');
+
 system_or_bail 'pg_ctl', 'stop', '-D', "$tempdir/data";
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_resetwal/pg_resetwal.c 
b/src/bin/pg_resetwal/pg_resetwal.c
index 47abd41fc3..6a4dc502c4 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_resetwal/pg_resetwal.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_resetwal/pg_resetwal.c
@@ -328,8 +328,8 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
                exit(1);
        }
 
-       /* Set dir/file mode mask */
-       umask(PG_MODE_MASK_DEFAULT);
+       /* Set mask based on PGDATA permissions */
+       umask(DataDirectoryMask(DataDir));
 
        /* Check that data directory matches our server version */
        CheckDataVersion();
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_resetwal/t/001_basic.pl 
b/src/bin/pg_resetwal/t/001_basic.pl
index 674e11b692..f1bcb682f9 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_resetwal/t/001_basic.pl
+++ b/src/bin/pg_resetwal/t/001_basic.pl
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use warnings;
 use Config;
 use PostgresNode;
 use TestLib;
-use Test::More tests => 14;
+use Test::More tests => 15;
 
 my $tempdir       = TestLib::tempdir;
 my $tempdir_short = TestLib::tempdir_short;
@@ -40,9 +40,12 @@ ok(check_mode_recursive($pgdata, 0700, 0600), 'check PGDATA 
permissions');
 
 $node->start;
 
-# Reset to specific WAL segment
+# Reset to specific WAL segment.  Also enable group access to make sure files
+# and directories are created with group permissions.
 $node->stop;
 
+chmod_recursive($pgdata, 0750, 0640);
+
 $node->command_ok(
        ['pg_resetwal', '-l', '000000070000000700000007', '-D', $pgdata],
        'set to specific WAL');
@@ -52,4 +55,6 @@ is_deeply(
        [sort(qw(. .. archive_status 000000070000000700000007))],
        'WAL recreated');
 
+ok(check_mode_recursive($pgdata, 0750, 0640), 'check PGDATA permissions');
+
 $node->start;
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_rewind/RewindTest.pm b/src/bin/pg_rewind/RewindTest.pm
index 7b632c7dcd..63d9bd517d 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_rewind/RewindTest.pm
+++ b/src/bin/pg_rewind/RewindTest.pm
@@ -115,11 +115,13 @@ sub check_query
 
 sub setup_cluster
 {
-       my $extra_name = shift;
+       my $extra_name = shift;         # Used to differentiate clusters
+       my $extra = shift;                      # Extra params for initdb
 
        # Initialize master, data checksums are mandatory
        $node_master = get_new_node('master' . ($extra_name ? "_${extra_name}" 
: ''));
-       $node_master->init(allows_streaming => 1);
+       $node_master->init(
+               allows_streaming => 1, extra => $extra);
        # Set wal_keep_segments to prevent WAL segment recycling after enforced
        # checkpoints in the tests.
        $node_master->append_conf('postgresql.conf', qq(
@@ -237,7 +239,8 @@ sub run_pg_rewind
                "$tmp_folder/master-postgresql.conf.tmp",
                "$master_pgdata/postgresql.conf");
 
-       chmod(0600, "$master_pgdata/postgresql.conf")
+       chmod($node_master->group_access() ? 0640 : 0600,
+                 "$master_pgdata/postgresql.conf")
                or BAIL_OUT(
                        "unable to set permissions for 
$master_pgdata/postgresql.conf");
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c b/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c
index 3d179e2c7d..11153e5f2f 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c
@@ -186,8 +186,8 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
                exit(1);
        }
 
-       /* Set dir/file mode mask */
-       umask(PG_MODE_MASK_DEFAULT);
+       /* Set mask based on PGDATA permissions */
+       umask(DataDirectoryMask(datadir_target));
 
        /*
         * Don't allow pg_rewind to be run as root, to avoid overwriting the
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_rewind/t/002_databases.pl 
b/src/bin/pg_rewind/t/002_databases.pl
index 37cdd712f3..570fa5cee0 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_rewind/t/002_databases.pl
+++ b/src/bin/pg_rewind/t/002_databases.pl
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use strict;
 use warnings;
 use TestLib;
-use Test::More tests => 4;
+use Test::More tests => 6;
 
 use RewindTest;
 
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ sub run_test
 {
        my $test_mode = shift;
 
-       RewindTest::setup_cluster($test_mode);
+       RewindTest::setup_cluster($test_mode, ['-g']);
        RewindTest::start_master();
 
        # Create a database in master.
@@ -42,6 +42,8 @@ template1
 ),
                'database names');
 
+       ok (check_mode_recursive(
+               $node_master->data_dir(), 0750, 0640, ['postmaster.pid']));
        RewindTest::clean_rewind_test();
 }
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c
index 59df6fd88f..54f54fb0a4 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 
        set_pglocale_pgservice(argv[0], PG_TEXTDOMAIN("pg_upgrade"));
 
-       /* Ensure that all files created by pg_upgrade are non-world-readable */
+       /* Set default restrictive mask until new cluster permissions are read 
*/
        umask(PG_MODE_MASK_DEFAULT);
 
        parseCommandLine(argc, argv);
@@ -100,6 +100,9 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 
        check_cluster_compatibility(live_check);
 
+       /* Set mask based on new PGDATA permissions */
+       umask(DataDirectoryMask(new_cluster.pgdata));
+
        check_and_dump_old_cluster(live_check);
 
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/test.sh b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/test.sh
index 4e8db4aaf4..24631a91c6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/test.sh
+++ b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/test.sh
@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@ unset MAKELEVEL
 # Run a given "initdb" binary and overlay the regression testing
 # authentication configuration.
 standard_initdb() {
-       # To increase coverage of non-standard segment size without
-       # increase test runtime, run these tests with a lower setting.
-       "$1" -N --wal-segsize 1
+       # To increase coverage of non-standard segment size and group access
+       # without increasing test runtime, run these tests with a custom 
setting.
+       "$1" -N --wal-segsize 1 -g
        if [ -n "$TEMP_CONFIG" -a -r "$TEMP_CONFIG" ]
        then
                cat "$TEMP_CONFIG" >> "$PGDATA/postgresql.conf"
@@ -231,13 +231,13 @@ standard_initdb 'initdb'
 pg_upgrade $PG_UPGRADE_OPTS -d "${PGDATA}.old" -D "${PGDATA}" -b "$oldbindir" 
-B "$bindir" -p "$PGPORT" -P "$PGPORT"
 
 # make sure all directories and files have group permissions
-if [ $(find ${PGDATA} -type f ! -perm 600 | wc -l) -ne 0 ]; then
-       echo "files in PGDATA with permission != 600";
+if [ $(find ${PGDATA} -type f ! -perm 640 | wc -l) -ne 0 ]; then
+       echo "files in PGDATA with permission != 640";
        exit 1;
 fi
 
-if [ $(find ${PGDATA} -type d ! -perm 700 | wc -l) -ne 0 ]; then
-       echo "directories in PGDATA with permission != 700";
+if [ $(find ${PGDATA} -type d ! -perm 750 | wc -l) -ne 0 ]; then
+       echo "directories in PGDATA with permission != 750";
        exit 1;
 fi
 
diff --git a/src/common/Makefile b/src/common/Makefile
index 80e78d72fe..504375bef4 100644
--- a/src/common/Makefile
+++ b/src/common/Makefile
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ else
 OBJS_COMMON += sha2.o
 endif
 
-OBJS_FRONTEND = $(OBJS_COMMON) fe_memutils.o file_utils.o restricted_token.o
+OBJS_FRONTEND = $(OBJS_COMMON) fe_memutils.o file_perm.o file_utils.o 
restricted_token.o
 
 OBJS_SRV = $(OBJS_COMMON:%.o=%_srv.o)
 
diff --git a/src/common/file_perm.c b/src/common/file_perm.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b490220b64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/file_perm.c
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *
+ * File and directory permission routines
+ *
+ *
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2018, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+ *
+ * src/include/common/file_perm.c
+ *
+ *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+
+#ifndef FRONTEND
+#error "This file is not expected to be compiled for backend code"
+#endif
+
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+#include "common/file_perm.h"
+
+/*
+ * Determine the mask to use when writing to PGDATA by examining the mode of 
the
+ * PGDATA directory.  If group read/execute are present in the PGDATA directory
+ * mode, the mask will be relaxed to allow group read/execute on all newly
+ * created files and directories.
+ *
+ * Errors are not handled here and should be checked by the frontend
+ * application.
+ */
+mode_t
+DataDirectoryMask(const char *dataDir)
+{
+       struct stat statBuf;
+
+       /*
+        * If an error occurs getting the mode then return the more restrictive
+        * mask. It is the reponsibility of the frontend application to 
generate an
+        * error if the PGDATA directory cannot be accessed.
+        */
+       if (stat(dataDir, &statBuf) != 0)
+               return PG_MODE_MASK_DEFAULT;
+
+       /*
+        * Construct the mask that the caller should pass to umask().
+        */
+       return PG_MODE_MASK_DEFAULT & ~statBuf.st_mode;
+}
diff --git a/src/include/common/file_perm.h b/src/include/common/file_perm.h
index 3c6da0e000..2176e5cae5 100644
--- a/src/include/common/file_perm.h
+++ b/src/include/common/file_perm.h
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  *
- * File and directory permission constants
+ * File and directory permission constants and routines
  *
  *
  * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2018, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
@@ -20,13 +20,30 @@
 #define PG_MODE_MASK_DEFAULT           (S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO)
 
 /*
- * Default mode for created files.
+ * Optional mode mask for data directory permissions that allows group
+ * read/execute.
  */
-#define PG_FILE_MODE_DEFAULT           (S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR)
+#define PG_MODE_MASK_ALLOW_GROUP       (S_IWGRP | S_IRWXO)
 
 /*
- * Default mode for directories.
+ * Default mode for created files, unless something else is specified using
+ * the *Perm() function variants.
  */
-#define PG_DIR_MODE_DEFAULT                    S_IRWXU
+#define PG_FILE_MODE_DEFAULT           (S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP)
+
+/*
+ * Default mode for directories created with MakeDirectoryDefaultPerm().
+ */
+#define PG_DIR_MODE_DEFAULT                    (S_IRWXU | S_IRGRP | S_IXGRP)
+
+#ifdef FRONTEND
+
+/*
+ * Determine the mask to use when writing to PGDATA
+ */
+mode_t DataDirectoryMask(const char *dataDir);
+
+#endif                                                 /* FRONTEND */
+
 
 #endif                                                 /* FILE_PERM_H */
diff --git a/src/test/perl/PostgresNode.pm b/src/test/perl/PostgresNode.pm
index 76e571b98c..1bd91524d7 100644
--- a/src/test/perl/PostgresNode.pm
+++ b/src/test/perl/PostgresNode.pm
@@ -86,9 +86,11 @@ use Carp;
 use Config;
 use Cwd;
 use Exporter 'import';
+use Fcntl qw(:mode);
 use File::Basename;
 use File::Path qw(rmtree);
 use File::Spec;
+use File::stat qw(stat);
 use File::Temp ();
 use IPC::Run;
 use RecursiveCopy;
@@ -269,6 +271,26 @@ sub connstr
 
 =pod
 
+=item $node->group_access()
+
+Does the data dir allow group access?
+
+=cut
+
+sub group_access
+{
+       my ($self) = @_;
+
+       my $dir_stat = stat($self->data_dir);
+
+       defined($dir_stat)
+               or die('unable to stat ' . $self->data_dir);
+
+       return (S_IMODE($dir_stat->mode) == 0750);
+}
+
+=pod
+
 =item $node->data_dir()
 
 Returns the path to the data directory. postgresql.conf and pg_hba.conf are
@@ -460,6 +482,9 @@ sub init
        }
        close $conf;
 
+    chmod($self->group_access ? 0640 : 0600, "$pgdata/postgresql.conf")
+        or die("unable to set permissions for $pgdata/postgresql.conf");
+
        $self->set_replication_conf if $params{allows_streaming};
        $self->enable_archiving     if $params{has_archiving};
 }
@@ -485,7 +510,7 @@ sub append_conf
 
        TestLib::append_to_file($conffile, $str . "\n");
 
-    chmod(0600, $conffile)
+    chmod($self->group_access() ? 0640 : 0600, $conffile)
         or die("unable to set permissions for $conffile");
 }
 
diff --git a/src/test/perl/TestLib.pm b/src/test/perl/TestLib.pm
index 9de8dc9041..93ac24e261 100644
--- a/src/test/perl/TestLib.pm
+++ b/src/test/perl/TestLib.pm
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ our @EXPORT = qw(
   slurp_file
   append_to_file
   check_mode_recursive
+  chmod_recursive
   check_pg_config
   system_or_bail
   system_log
@@ -295,6 +296,30 @@ sub check_mode_recursive
        return $result;
 }
 
+# Change mode recursively on a directory
+sub chmod_recursive
+{
+       my ($dir, $dir_mode, $file_mode) = @_;
+
+       find
+       (
+               {follow_fast => 1,
+               wanted =>
+                       sub
+                       {
+                               my $file_stat = stat($File::Find::name);
+
+                               if (defined($file_stat))
+                               {
+                                       chmod(S_ISDIR($file_stat->mode) ? 
$dir_mode : $file_mode,
+                                                 $File::Find::name)
+                                               or die "unable to chmod 
$File::Find::name";
+                               }
+                       }},
+               $dir
+       );
+}
+
 # Check presence of a given regexp within pg_config.h for the installation
 # where tests are running, returning a match status result depending on
 # that.
diff --git a/src/tools/msvc/Mkvcbuild.pm b/src/tools/msvc/Mkvcbuild.pm
index 72976f44d8..78d4934ec6 100644
--- a/src/tools/msvc/Mkvcbuild.pm
+++ b/src/tools/msvc/Mkvcbuild.pm
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ sub mkvcbuild
        }
 
        our @pgcommonfrontendfiles = (
-               @pgcommonallfiles, qw(fe_memutils.c file_utils.c
+               @pgcommonallfiles, qw(fe_memutils.c file_perm.c file_utils.c
                  restricted_token.c));
 
        our @pgcommonbkndfiles = @pgcommonallfiles;
-- 
2.14.3 (Apple Git-98)

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