While looking through vacuum code, I noticed that unlike non-parallel vacuum, parallel vacuum only gets a failsafe check after an entire index cycle completes.
In vacuumlazy.c, lazy_check_wraparound_failsafe is checked after every index completes, while in parallel, it is checked after an entire index cycle completed. if (!ParallelVacuumIsActive(vacrel)) { for (int idx = 0; idx < vacrel->nindexes; idx++) { Relation indrel = vacrel->indrels[idx]; IndexBulkDeleteResult *istat = vacrel->indstats[idx]; vacrel->indstats[idx] = lazy_vacuum_one_index(indrel, istat, vacrel->old_live_tuples, vacrel); /* * Done vacuuming an index. Increment the indexes completed */ pgstat_progress_update_param(PROGRESS_VACUUM_INDEX_COMPLETED, idx + 1); if (lazy_check_wraparound_failsafe(vacrel)) { /* Wraparound emergency -- end current index scan */ allindexes = false; break; } } } else { /* Outsource everything to parallel variant */ parallel_vacuum_bulkdel_all_indexes(vacrel->pvs, vacrel->old_live_tuples, vacrel->num_index_scans); /* * Do a postcheck to consider applying wraparound failsafe now. Note * that parallel VACUUM only gets the precheck and this postcheck. */ if (lazy_check_wraparound_failsafe(vacrel)) allindexes = false; } When a user is running a parallel vacuum and the vacuum is long running due to many large indexes, it would make sense to check for failsafe earlier. Also, checking after every index for parallel vacuum will provide the same failsafe behavior for both parallel and non-parallel vacuums. To make this work, it is possible to call lazy_check_wraparound_failsafe inside parallel_vacuum_process_unsafe_indexes and parallel_vacuum_process_safe_indexes of vacuumparallel.c Regards, Sami Imseih Amazon Web Services (AWS)