On Tue, Jun 18, 2024 at 07:43:36PM -0500, Nathan Bossart wrote:
> On Tue, Jun 18, 2024 at 02:33:31PM -0700, Andres Freund wrote:
>> Another one:
>> 
>> Have a general cap of 64, but additionally limit it to something like
>>      max(1, min(WORKER_CAP, max_connections / 4))
>> 
>> so that cases like tap tests don't end up allocating vastly more worker slots
>> than actual connection slots.
> 
> That's a clever idea.  My only concern would be that we are tethering two
> parameters that aren't super closely related, but I'm unsure whether it
> would cause any problems in practice.

Here is an attempt at doing this.  I've added 0001 [0] and 0002 [1] as
prerequisite patches, which helps simplify 0003 a bit.  It probably doesn't
work correctly for EXEC_BACKEND builds yet.

I'm still not sure about this approach.  At the moment, I'm leaning towards
something more like v2 [2] where the upper limit is a PGC_POSTMASTER GUC
(that we would set very low for TAP tests).

[0] https://commitfest.postgresql.org/48/4998/
[1] https://commitfest.postgresql.org/48/5059/
[2] https://postgr.es/m/20240419154322.GA3988554%40nathanxps13

-- 
nathan
>From 69245426585052af1317c1bf3e564cae0c019f52 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nathan Bossart <nat...@postgresql.org>
Date: Tue, 21 May 2024 14:02:22 -0500
Subject: [PATCH v5 1/3] add num_os_semaphores GUC

---
 doc/src/sgml/config.sgml            | 14 +++++++++++
 doc/src/sgml/runtime.sgml           | 39 ++++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/ipci.c      |  6 ++++-
 src/backend/utils/misc/guc_tables.c | 12 +++++++++
 4 files changed, 53 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml
index 0c7a9082c5..087385cb4e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml
@@ -11234,6 +11234,20 @@ dynamic_library_path = 
'C:\tools\postgresql;H:\my_project\lib;$libdir'
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry id="guc-num-os-semaphores" xreflabel="num_os_semaphores">
+      <term><varname>num_os_semaphores</varname> (<type>integer</type>)
+      <indexterm>
+       <primary><varname>num_os_semaphores</varname> configuration 
parameter</primary>
+      </indexterm>
+      </term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        Reports the number of semaphores that are needed for the server based
+        on the number of allowed connections, worker processes, etc.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry id="guc-ssl-library" xreflabel="ssl_library">
       <term><varname>ssl_library</varname> (<type>string</type>)
       <indexterm>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/runtime.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/runtime.sgml
index 2f7c618886..26f3cbe555 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/runtime.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/runtime.sgml
@@ -781,13 +781,13 @@ psql: error: connection to server on socket 
"/tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432" failed: No such
        <row>
         <entry><varname>SEMMNI</varname></entry>
         <entry>Maximum number of semaphore identifiers (i.e., sets)</entry>
-        <entry>at least <literal>ceil((max_connections + 
autovacuum_max_workers + max_wal_senders + max_worker_processes + 7) / 
16)</literal> plus room for other applications</entry>
+        <entry>at least <literal>ceil(num_os_semaphores / 16)</literal> plus 
room for other applications</entry>
        </row>
 
        <row>
         <entry><varname>SEMMNS</varname></entry>
         <entry>Maximum number of semaphores system-wide</entry>
-        <entry><literal>ceil((max_connections + autovacuum_max_workers + 
max_wal_senders + max_worker_processes + 7) / 16) * 17</literal> plus room for 
other applications</entry>
+        <entry><literal>ceil(num_os_semaphores / 16) * 17</literal> plus room 
for other applications</entry>
        </row>
 
        <row>
@@ -836,30 +836,38 @@ psql: error: connection to server on socket 
"/tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432" failed: No such
 
    <para>
     When using System V semaphores,
-    <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> uses one semaphore per allowed 
connection
-    (<xref linkend="guc-max-connections"/>), allowed autovacuum worker process
-    (<xref linkend="guc-autovacuum-max-workers"/>), allowed WAL sender process
-    (<xref linkend="guc-max-wal-senders"/>), and allowed background
-    process (<xref linkend="guc-max-worker-processes"/>), in sets of 16.
+    <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> uses one semaphore per allowed 
connection,
+    worker process, etc., in sets of 16.
     Each such set will
     also contain a 17th semaphore which contains a <quote>magic
     number</quote>, to detect collision with semaphore sets used by
     other applications. The maximum number of semaphores in the system
     is set by <varname>SEMMNS</varname>, which consequently must be at least
-    as high as <varname>max_connections</varname> plus
-    <varname>autovacuum_max_workers</varname> plus 
<varname>max_wal_senders</varname>,
-    plus <varname>max_worker_processes</varname>, plus one extra for each 16
-    allowed connections plus workers (see the formula in <xref
+    as high as <xref linkend="guc-num-os-semaphores"/> plus one extra for
+    each set of 16 required semaphores (see the formula in <xref
     linkend="sysvipc-parameters"/>).  The parameter <varname>SEMMNI</varname>
     determines the limit on the number of semaphore sets that can
     exist on the system at one time.  Hence this parameter must be at
-    least <literal>ceil((max_connections + autovacuum_max_workers + 
max_wal_senders + max_worker_processes + 7) / 16)</literal>.
+    least <literal>ceil(num_os_semaphores / 16)</literal>.
     Lowering the number
     of allowed connections is a temporary workaround for failures,
     which are usually confusingly worded <quote>No space
     left on device</quote>, from the function <function>semget</function>.
    </para>
 
+   <para>
+    The number of semaphores required by <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
+    is provided by the runtime-computed parameter
+    <varname>num_os_semaphores</varname>, which can be determined before
+    starting the server with a <command>postgres</command> command like:
+<programlisting>
+$ <userinput>postgres -D $PGDATA -C num_os_semaphores</userinput>
+</programlisting>
+    The value of <varname>num_os_semaphores</varname> should be input into
+    the aforementioned formulas to determine appropriate values for
+    <varname>SEMMNI</varname> and <varname>SEMMNS</varname>.
+   </para>
+
    <para>
     In some cases it might also be necessary to increase
     <varname>SEMMAP</varname> to be at least on the order of
@@ -882,11 +890,8 @@ psql: error: connection to server on socket 
"/tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432" failed: No such
 
    <para>
     When using POSIX semaphores, the number of semaphores needed is the
-    same as for System V, that is one semaphore per allowed connection
-    (<xref linkend="guc-max-connections"/>), allowed autovacuum worker process
-    (<xref linkend="guc-autovacuum-max-workers"/>), allowed WAL sender process
-    (<xref linkend="guc-max-wal-senders"/>), and allowed background
-    process (<xref linkend="guc-max-worker-processes"/>).
+    same as for System V, that is one semaphore per allowed connection,
+    worker process, etc.
     On the platforms where this option is preferred, there is no specific
     kernel limit on the number of POSIX semaphores.
    </para>
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/ipci.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/ipci.c
index 521ed5418c..0314513aa6 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/ipci.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/ipci.c
@@ -372,11 +372,12 @@ InitializeShmemGUCs(void)
        Size            size_b;
        Size            size_mb;
        Size            hp_size;
+       int                     num_semas;
 
        /*
         * Calculate the shared memory size and round up to the nearest 
megabyte.
         */
-       size_b = CalculateShmemSize(NULL);
+       size_b = CalculateShmemSize(&num_semas);
        size_mb = add_size(size_b, (1024 * 1024) - 1) / (1024 * 1024);
        sprintf(buf, "%zu", size_mb);
        SetConfigOption("shared_memory_size", buf,
@@ -395,4 +396,7 @@ InitializeShmemGUCs(void)
                SetConfigOption("shared_memory_size_in_huge_pages", buf,
                                                PGC_INTERNAL, 
PGC_S_DYNAMIC_DEFAULT);
        }
+
+       sprintf(buf, "%d", num_semas);
+       SetConfigOption("num_os_semaphores", buf, PGC_INTERNAL, 
PGC_S_DYNAMIC_DEFAULT);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/misc/guc_tables.c 
b/src/backend/utils/misc/guc_tables.c
index 46c258be28..80e77cbac9 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/misc/guc_tables.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/misc/guc_tables.c
@@ -599,6 +599,7 @@ static int  segment_size;
 static int     shared_memory_size_mb;
 static int     shared_memory_size_in_huge_pages;
 static int     wal_block_size;
+static int     num_os_semaphores;
 static bool data_checksums;
 static bool integer_datetimes;
 
@@ -2291,6 +2292,17 @@ struct config_int ConfigureNamesInt[] =
                NULL, NULL, NULL
        },
 
+       {
+               {"num_os_semaphores", PGC_INTERNAL, PRESET_OPTIONS,
+                       gettext_noop("Shows the number of semaphores required 
for the server."),
+                       NULL,
+                       GUC_NOT_IN_SAMPLE | GUC_DISALLOW_IN_FILE | 
GUC_RUNTIME_COMPUTED
+               },
+               &num_os_semaphores,
+               0, 0, INT_MAX,
+               NULL, NULL, NULL
+       },
+
        {
                {"commit_timestamp_buffers", PGC_POSTMASTER, RESOURCES_MEM,
                        gettext_noop("Sets the size of the dedicated buffer 
pool used for the commit timestamp cache."),
-- 
2.39.3 (Apple Git-146)

>From b65ae84fc36c440451c42ef61b383bcd98a825bd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nathan Bossart <nat...@postgresql.org>
Date: Wed, 19 Jun 2024 13:39:18 -0500
Subject: [PATCH v5 2/3] remove check hooks for GUCs that contribute to
 MaxBackends

---
 src/backend/utils/init/postinit.c   | 57 ++++-------------------------
 src/backend/utils/misc/guc_tables.c |  8 ++--
 src/include/utils/guc_hooks.h       |  6 ---
 3 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 60 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/utils/init/postinit.c 
b/src/backend/utils/init/postinit.c
index 0805398e24..8a629982c4 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/init/postinit.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/init/postinit.c
@@ -580,57 +580,14 @@ InitializeMaxBackends(void)
        MaxBackends = MaxConnections + autovacuum_max_workers + 1 +
                max_worker_processes + max_wal_senders;
 
-       /* internal error because the values were all checked previously */
        if (MaxBackends > MAX_BACKENDS)
-               elog(ERROR, "too many backends configured");
-}
-
-/*
- * GUC check_hook for max_connections
- */
-bool
-check_max_connections(int *newval, void **extra, GucSource source)
-{
-       if (*newval + autovacuum_max_workers + 1 +
-               max_worker_processes + max_wal_senders > MAX_BACKENDS)
-               return false;
-       return true;
-}
-
-/*
- * GUC check_hook for autovacuum_max_workers
- */
-bool
-check_autovacuum_max_workers(int *newval, void **extra, GucSource source)
-{
-       if (MaxConnections + *newval + 1 +
-               max_worker_processes + max_wal_senders > MAX_BACKENDS)
-               return false;
-       return true;
-}
-
-/*
- * GUC check_hook for max_worker_processes
- */
-bool
-check_max_worker_processes(int *newval, void **extra, GucSource source)
-{
-       if (MaxConnections + autovacuum_max_workers + 1 +
-               *newval + max_wal_senders > MAX_BACKENDS)
-               return false;
-       return true;
-}
-
-/*
- * GUC check_hook for max_wal_senders
- */
-bool
-check_max_wal_senders(int *newval, void **extra, GucSource source)
-{
-       if (MaxConnections + autovacuum_max_workers + 1 +
-               max_worker_processes + *newval > MAX_BACKENDS)
-               return false;
-       return true;
+               ereport(ERROR,
+                               (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
+                                errmsg("too many backends configured"),
+                                errdetail("\"max_connections\" (%d) plus 
\"autovacuum_max_workers\" (%d) plus \"max_worker_processes\" (%d) plus 
\"max_wal_senders\" (%d) must be less than %d.",
+                                                  MaxConnections, 
autovacuum_max_workers,
+                                                  max_worker_processes, 
max_wal_senders,
+                                                  MAX_BACKENDS - 1)));
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/misc/guc_tables.c 
b/src/backend/utils/misc/guc_tables.c
index 80e77cbac9..57df7767ad 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/misc/guc_tables.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/misc/guc_tables.c
@@ -2208,7 +2208,7 @@ struct config_int ConfigureNamesInt[] =
                },
                &MaxConnections,
                100, 1, MAX_BACKENDS,
-               check_max_connections, NULL, NULL
+               NULL, NULL, NULL
        },
 
        {
@@ -2935,7 +2935,7 @@ struct config_int ConfigureNamesInt[] =
                },
                &max_wal_senders,
                10, 0, MAX_BACKENDS,
-               check_max_wal_senders, NULL, NULL
+               NULL, NULL, NULL
        },
 
        {
@@ -3165,7 +3165,7 @@ struct config_int ConfigureNamesInt[] =
                },
                &max_worker_processes,
                8, 0, MAX_BACKENDS,
-               check_max_worker_processes, NULL, NULL
+               NULL, NULL, NULL
        },
 
        {
@@ -3399,7 +3399,7 @@ struct config_int ConfigureNamesInt[] =
                },
                &autovacuum_max_workers,
                3, 1, MAX_BACKENDS,
-               check_autovacuum_max_workers, NULL, NULL
+               NULL, NULL, NULL
        },
 
        {
diff --git a/src/include/utils/guc_hooks.h b/src/include/utils/guc_hooks.h
index d64dc5fcdb..6304f0679b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/guc_hooks.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/guc_hooks.h
@@ -29,8 +29,6 @@ extern bool check_application_name(char **newval, void 
**extra,
                                                                   GucSource 
source);
 extern void assign_application_name(const char *newval, void *extra);
 extern const char *show_archive_command(void);
-extern bool check_autovacuum_max_workers(int *newval, void **extra,
-                                                                               
 GucSource source);
 extern bool check_autovacuum_work_mem(int *newval, void **extra,
                                                                          
GucSource source);
 extern bool check_vacuum_buffer_usage_limit(int *newval, void **extra,
@@ -84,13 +82,9 @@ extern const char *show_log_timezone(void);
 extern bool check_maintenance_io_concurrency(int *newval, void **extra,
                                                                                
         GucSource source);
 extern void assign_maintenance_io_concurrency(int newval, void *extra);
-extern bool check_max_connections(int *newval, void **extra, GucSource source);
-extern bool check_max_wal_senders(int *newval, void **extra, GucSource source);
 extern bool check_max_slot_wal_keep_size(int *newval, void **extra,
                                                                                
 GucSource source);
 extern void assign_max_wal_size(int newval, void *extra);
-extern bool check_max_worker_processes(int *newval, void **extra,
-                                                                          
GucSource source);
 extern bool check_max_stack_depth(int *newval, void **extra, GucSource source);
 extern void assign_max_stack_depth(int newval, void *extra);
 extern bool check_multixact_member_buffers(int *newval, void **extra,
-- 
2.39.3 (Apple Git-146)

>From 48f7d56b99f2d98533c8767d5891a78c8411872d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nathan Bossart <nat...@postgresql.org>
Date: Fri, 21 Jun 2024 15:29:28 -0500
Subject: [PATCH v5 3/3] allow changing autovacuum_max_workers without
 restarting

---
 doc/src/sgml/config.sgml                      |  8 +++-
 src/backend/postmaster/autovacuum.c           | 25 ++++++++++---
 src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c               |  4 +-
 src/backend/utils/init/postinit.c             | 37 +++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/utils/misc/guc_tables.c           |  4 +-
 src/backend/utils/misc/postgresql.conf.sample |  1 -
 src/include/postmaster/autovacuum.h           |  1 +
 src/include/utils/guc_hooks.h                 |  2 +
 9 files changed, 69 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml
index 087385cb4e..289c2b63c4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml
@@ -8554,7 +8554,13 @@ COPY postgres_log FROM '/full/path/to/logfile.csv' WITH 
csv;
        <para>
         Specifies the maximum number of autovacuum processes (other than the
         autovacuum launcher) that may be running at any one time.  The default
-        is three.  This parameter can only be set at server start.
+        is three.  This parameter can only be set in the
+        <filename>postgresql.conf</filename> file or on the server command 
line.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        This parameter is limited to 50% of
+        <xref linkend="guc-max-connections"/> (but no less than 1 or greater
+        than 64).
        </para>
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
diff --git a/src/backend/postmaster/autovacuum.c 
b/src/backend/postmaster/autovacuum.c
index 9a925a10cd..8bf95981a0 100644
--- a/src/backend/postmaster/autovacuum.c
+++ b/src/backend/postmaster/autovacuum.c
@@ -130,6 +130,7 @@ double              autovacuum_vac_cost_delay;
 int                    autovacuum_vac_cost_limit;
 
 int                    Log_autovacuum_min_duration = 600000;
+int                    autovacuum_worker_slots = -1;
 
 /* the minimum allowed time between two awakenings of the launcher */
 #define MIN_AUTOVAC_SLEEPTIME 100.0 /* milliseconds */
@@ -347,6 +348,7 @@ static void autovac_report_activity(autovac_table *tab);
 static void autovac_report_workitem(AutoVacuumWorkItem *workitem,
                                                                        const 
char *nspname, const char *relname);
 static void avl_sigusr2_handler(SIGNAL_ARGS);
+static bool av_worker_available(void);
 
 
 
@@ -575,7 +577,7 @@ AutoVacLauncherMain(char *startup_data, size_t 
startup_data_len)
                 * wakening conditions.
                 */
 
-               
launcher_determine_sleep(!dlist_is_empty(&AutoVacuumShmem->av_freeWorkers),
+               launcher_determine_sleep(av_worker_available(),
                                                                 false, &nap);
 
                /*
@@ -636,7 +638,7 @@ AutoVacLauncherMain(char *startup_data, size_t 
startup_data_len)
                current_time = GetCurrentTimestamp();
                LWLockAcquire(AutovacuumLock, LW_SHARED);
 
-               can_launch = !dlist_is_empty(&AutoVacuumShmem->av_freeWorkers);
+               can_launch = av_worker_available();
 
                if (AutoVacuumShmem->av_startingWorker != NULL)
                {
@@ -1087,7 +1089,7 @@ do_start_worker(void)
 
        /* return quickly when there are no free workers */
        LWLockAcquire(AutovacuumLock, LW_SHARED);
-       if (dlist_is_empty(&AutoVacuumShmem->av_freeWorkers))
+       if (!av_worker_available())
        {
                LWLockRelease(AutovacuumLock);
                return InvalidOid;
@@ -3265,7 +3267,7 @@ AutoVacuumShmemSize(void)
         */
        size = sizeof(AutoVacuumShmemStruct);
        size = MAXALIGN(size);
-       size = add_size(size, mul_size(autovacuum_max_workers,
+       size = add_size(size, mul_size(autovacuum_worker_slots,
                                                                   
sizeof(WorkerInfoData)));
        return size;
 }
@@ -3302,7 +3304,7 @@ AutoVacuumShmemInit(void)
                                                           
MAXALIGN(sizeof(AutoVacuumShmemStruct)));
 
                /* initialize the WorkerInfo free list */
-               for (i = 0; i < autovacuum_max_workers; i++)
+               for (i = 0; i < autovacuum_worker_slots; i++)
                {
                        dlist_push_head(&AutoVacuumShmem->av_freeWorkers,
                                                        &worker[i].wi_links);
@@ -3341,3 +3343,16 @@ check_autovacuum_work_mem(int *newval, void **extra, 
GucSource source)
 
        return true;
 }
+
+static bool
+av_worker_available(void)
+{
+       int                     reserved = autovacuum_worker_slots - 
autovacuum_max_workers;
+       int                     count = 0;
+       dlist_iter      iter;
+
+       dlist_foreach(iter, &AutoVacuumShmem->av_freeWorkers)
+               count++;
+
+       return count > reserved;
+}
diff --git a/src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c 
b/src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c
index bf0241aed0..2588a68fbc 100644
--- a/src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c
+++ b/src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c
@@ -4144,7 +4144,7 @@ CreateOptsFile(int argc, char *argv[], char *fullprogname)
 int
 MaxLivePostmasterChildren(void)
 {
-       return 2 * (MaxConnections + autovacuum_max_workers + 1 +
+       return 2 * (MaxConnections + autovacuum_worker_slots + 1 +
                                max_wal_senders + max_worker_processes);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index ce29da9012..10e0b681cf 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -242,13 +242,13 @@ InitProcGlobal(void)
                        dlist_push_tail(&ProcGlobal->freeProcs, &proc->links);
                        proc->procgloballist = &ProcGlobal->freeProcs;
                }
-               else if (i < MaxConnections + autovacuum_max_workers + 1)
+               else if (i < MaxConnections + autovacuum_worker_slots + 1)
                {
                        /* PGPROC for AV launcher/worker, add to 
autovacFreeProcs list */
                        dlist_push_tail(&ProcGlobal->autovacFreeProcs, 
&proc->links);
                        proc->procgloballist = &ProcGlobal->autovacFreeProcs;
                }
-               else if (i < MaxConnections + autovacuum_max_workers + 1 + 
max_worker_processes)
+               else if (i < MaxConnections + autovacuum_worker_slots + 1 + 
max_worker_processes)
                {
                        /* PGPROC for bgworker, add to bgworkerFreeProcs list */
                        dlist_push_tail(&ProcGlobal->bgworkerFreeProcs, 
&proc->links);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/init/postinit.c 
b/src/backend/utils/init/postinit.c
index 8a629982c4..d206dd1533 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/init/postinit.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/init/postinit.c
@@ -576,20 +576,51 @@ InitializeMaxBackends(void)
 {
        Assert(MaxBackends == 0);
 
+       autovacuum_worker_slots = Max(1, Min(64, MaxConnections / 2));
+       if (autovacuum_max_workers > autovacuum_worker_slots)
+       {
+               /* keep in sync with check_autovacuum_max_workers() */
+               ereport(ERROR,
+                               (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
+                                errmsg("invalid setting for 
\"autovacuum_max_workers\""),
+                                errdetail("\"autovacuum_max_workers\" (%d) is 
limited to 50%% of \"max_connections\" (but no less than 1 or greater than 64) 
(%d)",
+                                                  autovacuum_max_workers, 
autovacuum_worker_slots)));
+       }
+
        /* the extra unit accounts for the autovacuum launcher */
-       MaxBackends = MaxConnections + autovacuum_max_workers + 1 +
+       MaxBackends = MaxConnections + autovacuum_worker_slots + 1 +
                max_worker_processes + max_wal_senders;
 
        if (MaxBackends > MAX_BACKENDS)
                ereport(ERROR,
                                (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
                                 errmsg("too many backends configured"),
-                                errdetail("\"max_connections\" (%d) plus 
\"autovacuum_max_workers\" (%d) plus \"max_worker_processes\" (%d) plus 
\"max_wal_senders\" (%d) must be less than %d.",
-                                                  MaxConnections, 
autovacuum_max_workers,
+                                errdetail("\"max_connections\" (%d) plus 
autovacuum worker slots (%d) plus \"max_worker_processes\" (%d) plus 
\"max_wal_senders\" (%d) must be less than %d.",
+                                                  MaxConnections, 
autovacuum_worker_slots,
                                                   max_worker_processes, 
max_wal_senders,
                                                   MAX_BACKENDS - 1)));
 }
 
+/*
+ * GUC check_hook for autovacuum_max_workers
+ */
+bool
+check_autovacuum_max_workers(int *newval, void **extra, GucSource source)
+{
+       /*
+        * If autovacuum_worker_slots has not yet been initialized, just return
+        * true.  We'll fail startup in PostmasterMain() if needed.
+        */
+       if (autovacuum_worker_slots == -1 || *newval <= autovacuum_worker_slots)
+               return true;
+
+       /* keep in sync with matching error message in InitializeMaxBackends() 
*/
+       GUC_check_errmsg("invalid setting for \"autovacuum_max_workers\"");
+       GUC_check_errdetail("\"autovacuum_max_workers\" (%d) is limited to 50%% 
of \"max_connections\" (but no less than 1 or greater than 64) (%d)",
+                                               autovacuum_max_workers, 
autovacuum_worker_slots);
+       return false;
+}
+
 /*
  * Early initialization of a backend (either standalone or under postmaster).
  * This happens even before InitPostgres.
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/misc/guc_tables.c 
b/src/backend/utils/misc/guc_tables.c
index 57df7767ad..f1babff58e 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/misc/guc_tables.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/misc/guc_tables.c
@@ -3393,13 +3393,13 @@ struct config_int ConfigureNamesInt[] =
        },
        {
                /* see max_connections */
-               {"autovacuum_max_workers", PGC_POSTMASTER, AUTOVACUUM,
+               {"autovacuum_max_workers", PGC_SIGHUP, AUTOVACUUM,
                        gettext_noop("Sets the maximum number of simultaneously 
running autovacuum worker processes."),
                        NULL
                },
                &autovacuum_max_workers,
                3, 1, MAX_BACKENDS,
-               NULL, NULL, NULL
+               check_autovacuum_max_workers, NULL, NULL
        },
 
        {
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/misc/postgresql.conf.sample 
b/src/backend/utils/misc/postgresql.conf.sample
index e0567de219..fec719fe79 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/misc/postgresql.conf.sample
+++ b/src/backend/utils/misc/postgresql.conf.sample
@@ -659,7 +659,6 @@
 #autovacuum = on                       # Enable autovacuum subprocess?  'on'
                                        # requires track_counts to also be on.
 #autovacuum_max_workers = 3            # max number of autovacuum subprocesses
-                                       # (change requires restart)
 #autovacuum_naptime = 1min             # time between autovacuum runs
 #autovacuum_vacuum_threshold = 50      # min number of row updates before
                                        # vacuum
diff --git a/src/include/postmaster/autovacuum.h 
b/src/include/postmaster/autovacuum.h
index cae1e8b329..2b2aa1b713 100644
--- a/src/include/postmaster/autovacuum.h
+++ b/src/include/postmaster/autovacuum.h
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ extern PGDLLIMPORT int autovacuum_vac_cost_limit;
 extern PGDLLIMPORT int AutovacuumLauncherPid;
 
 extern PGDLLIMPORT int Log_autovacuum_min_duration;
+extern PGDLLIMPORT int autovacuum_worker_slots;
 
 /* Status inquiry functions */
 extern bool AutoVacuumingActive(void);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/guc_hooks.h b/src/include/utils/guc_hooks.h
index 6304f0679b..b3e1f9f2cb 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/guc_hooks.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/guc_hooks.h
@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ extern bool check_application_name(char **newval, void 
**extra,
                                                                   GucSource 
source);
 extern void assign_application_name(const char *newval, void *extra);
 extern const char *show_archive_command(void);
+extern bool check_autovacuum_max_workers(int *newval, void **extra,
+                                                                               
 GucSource source);
 extern bool check_autovacuum_work_mem(int *newval, void **extra,
                                                                          
GucSource source);
 extern bool check_vacuum_buffer_usage_limit(int *newval, void **extra,
-- 
2.39.3 (Apple Git-146)

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