Hi Dilip,

I have rebased the patches and cleaned up the TODOs. Please take a
look. The fifth patch is still WIP because I'm working on figuring out
the test failure. I'll report my findings on that soon.

Thanks,
Nitin Motiani
Google


On Tue, Sep 9, 2025 at 8:41 PM Nitin Motiani <[email protected]> wrote:
>
> On Tue, Sep 9, 2025 at 12:07 PM Dilip Kumar <[email protected]> wrote:
> >
> >
> > The latest patch set is not applying on HEAD can you rebase the patch
> > set.  And also there are many TODOs in the patch, if those TODOs are
> > just good to do and you are planning for future development better to
> > get rid of those.  OTOH if some of those TODOs are mandatory to do
> > before we can commit the patch then are you planning to work on those
> > soon?  I am planning to review this patch so are you planning to send
> > the rebased version with implementing the TODO which are required for
> > the first version.
> >
>
> Thanks for the feedback, Dilip. We will rebase the patch soon and send
> it. Regarding the TODOs, some of those are plans for future
> development (i.e. refactor). There are also TODOs in the first patch
> file 0001 which are actually removed in file 0002. We can clean those
> up or combine the two files. Other than that, some are about the open
> questions. We will remove those from the code and will discuss those
> issues on the thread.
>
> Thanks,
> Nitin Motiani
> Google
From 4084548c253118eb99cd834c1f92107873f03a30 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nitin Motiani <[email protected]>
Date: Sat, 15 Feb 2025 04:29:17 +0000
Subject: [PATCH v6 3/5] Add basic tests for pipe-command

* This currently only adds a few basic tests for pg_dump with --pipe-command.
* These tests include the invalid usages of --pipe-command with other flags.
* We are still working on adding other tests in pg_dump.pl. But
  we ran into some issues which might be related to setup.
---
 src/bin/pg_dump/t/001_basic.pl | 36 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 36 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/t/001_basic.pl b/src/bin/pg_dump/t/001_basic.pl
index ab9310eb42b..9ef634df989 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/t/001_basic.pl
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/t/001_basic.pl
@@ -74,6 +74,42 @@ command_fails_like(
 	'pg_dump: options --statistics-only and --no-statistics cannot be used together'
 );
 
+command_fails_like(
+	[ 'pg_dump', '-Fd', '--pipe-command="cat"', '-f', 'testdir', 'test'],
+	qr/\Qpg_dump: hint: Only one of [--file, --pipe-command] allowed\E/,
+	'pg_dump: hint: Only one of [--file, --pipe-command] allowed'
+);
+
+command_fails_like(
+	[ 'pg_dump', '-Fd', '--pipe-command="cat"', '-Z', 'gzip', 'test'],
+	qr/\Qpg_dump: hint: Option --pipe-command is not supported with any compression type\E/,
+	'pg_dump: hint: Option --pipe-command is not supported with any compression type'
+);
+
+command_fails_like(
+	[ 'pg_dump', '-Fd', '--pipe-command="cat"', '--compress=lz4', 'test'],
+	qr/\Qpg_dump: hint: Option --pipe-command is not supported with any compression type\E/,
+	'pg_dump: hint: Option --pipe-command is not supported with any compression type'
+);
+
+command_fails_like(
+	[ 'pg_dump', '-Fd', '--pipe-command="cat"', '-Z', '1', 'test'],
+	qr/\Qpg_dump: hint: Option --pipe-command is not supported with any compression type\E/,
+	'pg_dump: hint: Option --pipe-command is not supported with any compression type'
+);
+
+command_fails_like(
+	[ 'pg_dump', '-Fc', '--pipe-command="cat"', 'test'],
+	qr/\Qpg_dump: hint: Option --pipe-command is only supported with directory format.\E/,
+	'pg_dump: hint: Option --pipe-command is only supported with directory format.'
+);
+
+command_fails_like(
+	[ 'pg_dump', '--format=tar', '--pipe-command="cat"', 'test'],
+	qr/\Qpg_dump: hint: Option --pipe-command is only supported with directory format.\E/,
+	'pg_dump: hint: Option --pipe-command is only supported with directory format.'
+);
+
 command_fails_like(
 	[ 'pg_dump', '-j2', '--include-foreign-data=xxx' ],
 	qr/\Qpg_dump: error: option --include-foreign-data is not supported with parallel backup\E/,
-- 
2.52.0.457.g6b5491de43-goog

From 3be3ec091ca1cca754bc03c2980256d25265e2fb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nitin Motiani <[email protected]>
Date: Fri, 4 Apr 2025 14:34:48 +0000
Subject: [PATCH v6 4/5] Add documentation for pipe-command in pg_dump and
 pg_restore

* Add the descriptions of the new flags and constraints
  regarding which mode and other flags they can't be used with.
* Explain the purpose of the flags.
* Add a few examples of the usage of the flags.
---
 doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml    | 56 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_restore.sgml | 68 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 2 files changed, 123 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml
index 688e23c0e90..00d4d89cc97 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml
@@ -299,6 +299,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
         specifies the target directory instead of a file. In this case the
         directory is created by <command>pg_dump</command> unless the directory
         exists and is empty.
+        This option and <option>--pipe-command</option> can't be used together.
        </para>
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
@@ -1246,6 +1247,32 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry>
+      <term><option>--pipe-command</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        This option is only supported with the directory output
+        format. It can be used to write to multiple streams which
+        otherwise would not be possible with the directory mode.
+        For each stream, it starts a process which runs the
+        specified command and pipes the pg_dump output to this
+        process.
+        This option is not valid if <option>--file</option>
+        is also specified.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        The pipe-command can be used to perform operations like compress
+        using a custom algorithm, filter, or write the output to a cloud
+        storage etc. The user would need a way to pipe the final output of
+        each stream to a file. To handle that, the pipe command supports a format
+        specifier %f. And all the instances of %f in the command string
+        will be replaced with the corresponding file name which
+        would have been used in the directory mode with <option>--file</option>.
+        See <xref linkend="pg-dump-examples"/> below.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry>
       <term><option>--quote-all-identifiers</option></term>
       <listitem>
@@ -1802,6 +1829,35 @@ CREATE DATABASE foo WITH TEMPLATE template0;
 </screen>
   </para>
 
+  <para>
+   To use pipe-command to dump a database into a directory-format archive
+   (the directory <literal>dumpdir</literal> needs to exist before running the command).
+
+<screen>
+<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_dump -Fd mydb --pipe-command="cat > dumpdir/%f"</userinput>
+</screen>
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   To use pipe-command to dump a database into a directory-format archive
+   in parallel with 5 worker jobs (the directory <literal>dumpdir</literal> needs to exist
+   before running the command).
+
+<screen>
+<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_dump -Fd mydb -j 5 --pipe-command="cat > dumpdir/%f"</userinput>
+</screen>
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   To use pipe-command to compress and dump a database into a
+   directory-format archive (the directory <literal>dumpdir</literal> needs to
+   exist before running the command).
+
+<screen>
+<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_dump -Fd mydb --pipe-command="gzip > dumpdir/%f.gz"</userinput>
+</screen>
+  </para>
+
   <para>
    To reload an archive file into a (freshly created) database named
    <literal>newdb</literal>:
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_restore.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_restore.sgml
index 2c295bbf8dc..c0ab7c16d71 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_restore.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_restore.sgml
@@ -96,7 +96,10 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
        <para>
        Specifies the location of the archive file (or directory, for a
        directory-format archive) to be restored.
-       If not specified, the standard input is used.
+       This option and <option>--pipe-command</option> can't be set
+       at the same time.
+       If neither this option nor <option>--pipe-command</option> is specified,
+       the standard input is used.
        </para>
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
@@ -830,6 +833,32 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry>
+      <term><option>--pipe-command</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        This option is only supported with the directory output
+        format. It can be used to read from multiple streams which
+        otherwise would not be possible with the directory mode.
+        For each stream, it starts a process which runs the
+        specified command and pipes its output to the pg_restore process.
+        This option is not valid if <option>filename</option> is also specified.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        The pipe-command can be used to perform operations like
+        decompress using a custom algorithm, filter, or read from
+        a cloud storage. When reading from the pg_dump output,
+        the user would need a way to read the correct file in each
+        stream. To handle that, the pipe command supports a format
+        specifier %f. And all the instances of %f in the command string
+        will be replaced with the corresponding file name which
+        would have been used in the directory mode with <option>filename</option>.
+        This is same as the <option>--pipe-command</option> of pg-dump.
+        See <xref linkend="app-pgrestore-examples"/> below.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--section=<replaceable class="parameter">sectionname</replaceable></option></term>
        <listitem>
@@ -1234,6 +1263,43 @@ CREATE DATABASE foo WITH TEMPLATE template0;
 <prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_restore -L db.list db.dump</userinput>
 </screen></para>
 
+  <para>
+   To use pg_restore with pipe-command to recreate from a dump in
+   directory-archive format. The database should not exist beforehand.
+   Assume in this example that the dump in directory-archive format is
+   stored in <literal>dumpdir</literal>.
+
+<screen>
+<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_restore -C -Fd -d postgres --pipe-commnad="cat dumpdir/%f"</userinput>
+</screen>
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   To use pg_restore with pipe-command to first decompress and then
+   recreate from a dump in directory-archive format. The database
+   should not exist beforehand.
+   Assume in this example that the dump in directory-archive format is
+   stored in <literal>dumpdir</literal>. And all files are
+   <literal>gzip</literal> compressed.
+
+<screen>
+<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_restore -C -Fd -d postgres --pipe-commnad="cat dumpdir/%f.gz | gunzip"</userinput>
+</screen>
+  </para>
+
+  <para>
+   To use pipe-command along with <option>-L</option> to recreate only
+   selectd items from a dump in the directory-archive format.
+   The database should not exist beforehand.
+   Assume in this example that the dump in directory-archive format is
+   stored in dumpdir.
+   The <literal>db.list</literal> file is the same as one used in the previous example with <option>-L</option>
+
+<screen>
+<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_restore -C -Fd -d postgres --pipe-commnad="cat dumpdir/%f" -L db.list</userinput>
+</screen>
+  </para>
+
  </refsect1>
 
  <refsect1>
-- 
2.52.0.457.g6b5491de43-goog

From 90ad8e998d5587c8c605e2f3f015800570ff1498 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nitin Motiani <[email protected]>
Date: Sat, 15 Feb 2025 08:05:25 +0000
Subject: [PATCH v6 2/5] Add pipe-command support in pg_restore

* This is same as the pg_dump change. We add support
  for --pipe-command in directory archive format. This can be used
  to read from multiple streams and do pre-processing (decompression
  with a custom algorithm, filtering etc) before restore.
  Currently that is not possible because the pg_dump output of
  directory format can't just be piped.
* Like pg_dump, here also either filename or --pipe-command can be
  set. If neither are set, the standard input is used as before.
* This is only supported with compression none and archive format
  directory.
* We reuse the inputFileSpec field for the pipe-command. And add
  a bool to specify if it is a pipe.
* The changes made for pg_dump to handle the pipe case with popen
  and pclose also work here.
* The logic of %f format specifier to read from the pg_dump output
  is the same too. Most of the code from the pg_dump commit works.
  We add similar logic to the function to read large objects.
* The --pipe command works -l and -L option.
---
 src/bin/pg_dump/compress_io.c         | 30 +++++++++++++++----------
 src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_directory.c | 16 +++++++++++++-
 src/bin/pg_dump/pg_restore.c          | 32 ++++++++++++++++++++++++---
 3 files changed, 62 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/compress_io.c b/src/bin/pg_dump/compress_io.c
index 5d09d7bf458..b28fcd73617 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/compress_io.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/compress_io.c
@@ -261,22 +261,28 @@ InitDiscoverCompressFileHandle(const char *path, const char *mode,
 
 	fname = pg_strdup(path);
 
-	if (hasSuffix(fname, ".gz"))
-		compression_spec.algorithm = PG_COMPRESSION_GZIP;
-	else if (hasSuffix(fname, ".lz4"))
-		compression_spec.algorithm = PG_COMPRESSION_LZ4;
-	else if (hasSuffix(fname, ".zst"))
-		compression_spec.algorithm = PG_COMPRESSION_ZSTD;
-	else
+	/*
+	 * If the path is a pipe command, the compression algorithm is none.
+	 */
+	if (!path_is_pipe_command)
 	{
-		if (stat(path, &st) == 0)
-			compression_spec.algorithm = PG_COMPRESSION_NONE;
-		else if (check_compressed_file(path, &fname, "gz"))
+		if (hasSuffix(fname, ".gz"))
 			compression_spec.algorithm = PG_COMPRESSION_GZIP;
-		else if (check_compressed_file(path, &fname, "lz4"))
+		else if (hasSuffix(fname, ".lz4"))
 			compression_spec.algorithm = PG_COMPRESSION_LZ4;
-		else if (check_compressed_file(path, &fname, "zst"))
+		else if (hasSuffix(fname, ".zst"))
 			compression_spec.algorithm = PG_COMPRESSION_ZSTD;
+		else
+		{
+			if (stat(path, &st) == 0)
+				compression_spec.algorithm = PG_COMPRESSION_NONE;
+			else if (check_compressed_file(path, &fname, "gz"))
+				compression_spec.algorithm = PG_COMPRESSION_GZIP;
+			else if (check_compressed_file(path, &fname, "lz4"))
+				compression_spec.algorithm = PG_COMPRESSION_LZ4;
+			else if (check_compressed_file(path, &fname, "zst"))
+				compression_spec.algorithm = PG_COMPRESSION_ZSTD;
+		}
 	}
 
 	CFH = InitCompressFileHandle(compression_spec, path_is_pipe_command);
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_directory.c b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_directory.c
index db23031d9ac..bc7c4c1f92f 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_directory.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_directory.c
@@ -439,7 +439,21 @@ _LoadLOs(ArchiveHandle *AH, TocEntry *te)
 					 tocfname, line);
 
 		StartRestoreLO(AH, oid, AH->public.ropt->dropSchema);
-		snprintf(path, MAXPGPATH, "%s/%s", ctx->directory, lofname);
+
+		/*
+		 * XXX : Create a helper function for blob files naming common to
+		 * _LoadLOs an _StartLO.
+		 */
+		if (AH->fSpecIsPipe)
+		{
+			pipe = replace_percent_placeholders(ctx->directory, "pipe-command", "f", lofname);
+			strcpy(path, pipe);
+			pfree(pipe);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			snprintf(path, MAXPGPATH, "%s/%s", ctx->directory, lofname);
+		}
 		_PrintFileData(AH, path);
 		EndRestoreLO(AH, oid);
 	}
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_restore.c b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_restore.c
index 9495a37ffc1..46758f72d98 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_restore.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_restore.c
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 	char	   *inputFileSpec;
 	bool		data_only = false;
 	bool		schema_only = false;
+	bool		filespec_is_pipe = false;
 	static int	disable_triggers = 0;
 	static int	enable_row_security = 0;
 	static int	if_exists = 0;
@@ -142,6 +143,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		{"statistics-only", no_argument, &statistics_only, 1},
 		{"filter", required_argument, NULL, 4},
 		{"restrict-key", required_argument, NULL, 6},
+		{"pipe-command", required_argument, NULL, 7},
 
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
@@ -321,6 +323,11 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 				opts->restrict_key = pg_strdup(optarg);
 				break;
 
+			case 7:				/* pipe-command */
+				inputFileSpec = pg_strdup(optarg);
+				filespec_is_pipe = true;
+				break;
+
 			default:
 				/* getopt_long already emitted a complaint */
 				pg_log_error_hint("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.", progname);
@@ -328,11 +335,29 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		}
 	}
 
-	/* Get file name from command line */
+	/*
+	 * Get file name from command line. Note that filename argument and
+	 * pipe-command can't both be set.
+	 */
 	if (optind < argc)
+	{
+		if (filespec_is_pipe)
+		{
+			pg_log_error_hint("Only one of [filespec, --pipe-command] allowed");
+			exit_nicely(1);
+		}
 		inputFileSpec = argv[optind++];
-	else
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Even if the file argument is not provided, if the pipe-command is
+	 * specified, we need to use that as the file arg and not fallback to
+	 * stdio.
+	 */
+	else if (!filespec_is_pipe)
+	{
 		inputFileSpec = NULL;
+	}
 
 	/* Complain if any arguments remain */
 	if (optind < argc)
@@ -485,7 +510,8 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 					 opts->formatName);
 	}
 
-	AH = OpenArchive(inputFileSpec, opts->format, false);
+
+	AH = OpenArchive(inputFileSpec, opts->format, filespec_is_pipe);
 
 	SetArchiveOptions(AH, NULL, opts);
 
-- 
2.52.0.457.g6b5491de43-goog

From 8eca1bf892a327428ce2756b618aa5ca0323e256 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nitin Motiani <[email protected]>
Date: Thu, 22 May 2025 10:20:15 +0000
Subject: [PATCH v6 5/5] [WIP] This is WIP patch for adding tests to pg_dump.pl

* The first test in the patch was the test we were originally
  trying to add but it kept failing.

* The 3 tests at the bottom were part of the debugging process and
  the logs showed that those tests would fail whenever a pipe
  was used inside the pipe command i.e. 'cat | gzip' or
  'cat > <file>'. But simple 'cat' or 'gzip' without pipe worked.

* The tests need to be cleaned up and rerun to get the exact error messages.
---
 src/bin/pg_dump/t/002_pg_dump.pl | 38 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 38 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/t/002_pg_dump.pl b/src/bin/pg_dump/t/002_pg_dump.pl
index 28812d28aa9..658e847193e 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/t/002_pg_dump.pl
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/t/002_pg_dump.pl
@@ -223,6 +223,15 @@ my %pgdump_runs = (
 		],
 	},
 
+	# This test kept failing.
+	defaults_dir_format_pipe => {
+		test_key => 'defaults',
+		dump_cmd => [
+			'pg_dump', '-Fd', 'postgres',
+			"--pipe-command=\"cat > $tempdir/defaults_dir_format/%f\"",
+		],
+	},
+
 	# Do not use --no-sync to give test coverage for data sync.
 	defaults_parallel => {
 		test_key => 'defaults',
@@ -4934,6 +4943,35 @@ foreach my $db (sort keys %create_sql)
 	$node->safe_psql($db, $create_sql{$db});
 }
 
+# These four tests were added temporarily to more easily look through the output.
+# They failed as soon as we used a pipe of any kind whether to file or just to another
+# command. Those commands worked fine manually. So the second & fourth test where
+# we only have cat and gzip without any pipe, they work fine. But the rest don't.
+$node->command_fails_like(
+		[
+			'pg_dump', '-Fd', '-B', 'postgres',
+			"--pipe-command=\"cat > $tempdir/%f\"",],
+	qr/pg_dump: error: Failure in cat to file/,
+	'pg_dump: Failure in cat to file using pipe-command');
+
+
+$node->command_ok(
+		[
+			'pg_dump', '-Fd', '-B', 'postgres',
+			"--pipe-command=\"cat\"",], "Testing just with cat");
+
+$node->command_ok(
+		[
+			'pg_dump', '-Fd', '-B', 'postgres',
+			"--pipe-command=\"cat | gzip\"",], "Testing with cat piped to gzip");
+
+
+$node->command_ok(
+		[
+			'pg_dump', '-Fd', '-B', '-x', 'postgres',
+			"--pipe-command=\"gzip\"",], "Testing just with gzip");
+
+
 #########################################
 # Test connecting to a non-existent database
 
-- 
2.52.0.457.g6b5491de43-goog

From c77cf14dd89d8cab2a5c00a7ae716a7acb007911 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nitin Motiani <[email protected]>
Date: Tue, 11 Feb 2025 08:31:02 +0000
Subject: [PATCH v6 1/5] Add pipe-command support for directory mode of pg_dump

* We add a new flag --pipe-command which can be used in directory
  mode. This allows us to support multiple streams and we can
  do post processing like compression, filtering etc. This is
  currently not possible with directory-archive format.
* Currently this flag is only supported with compression none
  and archive format directory.
* This flag can't be used with the flag --file. Only one of the
  two flags can be used at a time.
* We reuse the filename field for the --pipe-command also. And add a
  bool to specify that the field will be used as a pipe command.
* Most of the code remains as it is. The core change is that
  in case of --pipe-command, instead of fopen we do popen.
* The user would need a way to store the post-processing output
  in files. For that we support the same format as the directory
  mode currently does with the flag --file. We allow the user
  to add a format specifier %f to the --pipe-command. And for each
  stream, the format specifier is replaced with the corresponding
  file name. This file name is the same as it would have been if
  the flag --file had been used.
* To enable the above, there are a few places in the code where
  we change the file name creation logic. Currently the file name
  is appended to the directory name which is provided with --file flag.
  In case of --pipe-command, we instead replace %f with the file name.
  This change is made for the common use case and separately for
  blob files.
* There is an open question on what mode to use in case of large objects
  TOC file. Currently the code uses "ab" but that won't work for popen.
  We have proposed a few options in the comments regarding this. For the
  time being we are using mode PG_BINARY_W for the pipe use case.
---
 src/bin/pg_dump/compress_gzip.c       |   9 ++-
 src/bin/pg_dump/compress_gzip.h       |   3 +-
 src/bin/pg_dump/compress_io.c         |  27 +++++--
 src/bin/pg_dump/compress_io.h         |  11 ++-
 src/bin/pg_dump/compress_lz4.c        |  11 ++-
 src/bin/pg_dump/compress_lz4.h        |   3 +-
 src/bin/pg_dump/compress_none.c       |  26 ++++++-
 src/bin/pg_dump/compress_none.h       |   3 +-
 src/bin/pg_dump/compress_zstd.c       |  10 ++-
 src/bin/pg_dump/compress_zstd.h       |   3 +-
 src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup.h           |   5 +-
 src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.c  |  22 +++---
 src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.h  |   2 +
 src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_directory.c | 103 +++++++++++++++++++++-----
 src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c             |  36 ++++++++-
 src/bin/pg_dump/pg_restore.c          |   2 +-
 16 files changed, 220 insertions(+), 56 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/compress_gzip.c b/src/bin/pg_dump/compress_gzip.c
index 41a3d059f98..75bef29562e 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/compress_gzip.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/compress_gzip.c
@@ -417,8 +417,12 @@ Gzip_open_write(const char *path, const char *mode, CompressFileHandle *CFH)
 
 void
 InitCompressFileHandleGzip(CompressFileHandle *CFH,
-						   const pg_compress_specification compression_spec)
+						   const pg_compress_specification compression_spec,
+						   bool path_is_pipe_command)
 {
+	if (path_is_pipe_command)
+		pg_fatal("cPipe command not supported for Gzip");
+
 	CFH->open_func = Gzip_open;
 	CFH->open_write_func = Gzip_open_write;
 	CFH->read_func = Gzip_read;
@@ -443,7 +447,8 @@ InitCompressorGzip(CompressorState *cs,
 
 void
 InitCompressFileHandleGzip(CompressFileHandle *CFH,
-						   const pg_compress_specification compression_spec)
+						   const pg_compress_specification compression_spec,
+						   bool path_is_pipe_command)
 {
 	pg_fatal("this build does not support compression with %s", "gzip");
 }
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/compress_gzip.h b/src/bin/pg_dump/compress_gzip.h
index af1a2a3445e..f77c5c86c56 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/compress_gzip.h
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/compress_gzip.h
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 extern void InitCompressorGzip(CompressorState *cs,
 							   const pg_compress_specification compression_spec);
 extern void InitCompressFileHandleGzip(CompressFileHandle *CFH,
-									   const pg_compress_specification compression_spec);
+									   const pg_compress_specification compression_spec,
+									   bool path_is_pipe_command);
 
 #endif							/* _COMPRESS_GZIP_H_ */
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/compress_io.c b/src/bin/pg_dump/compress_io.c
index af47ef88839..5d09d7bf458 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/compress_io.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/compress_io.c
@@ -191,20 +191,30 @@ free_keep_errno(void *p)
  * Initialize a compress file handle for the specified compression algorithm.
  */
 CompressFileHandle *
-InitCompressFileHandle(const pg_compress_specification compression_spec)
+InitCompressFileHandle(const pg_compress_specification compression_spec,
+					   bool path_is_pipe_command)
 {
 	CompressFileHandle *CFH;
 
+
 	CFH = pg_malloc0(sizeof(CompressFileHandle));
 
-	if (compression_spec.algorithm == PG_COMPRESSION_NONE)
-		InitCompressFileHandleNone(CFH, compression_spec);
+	/*
+	 * Always set to non-compressed when path_is_pipe_command assuming that
+	 * external compressor as part of pipe is more efficient. Can review in
+	 * the future.
+	 */
+	if (path_is_pipe_command)
+		InitCompressFileHandleNone(CFH, compression_spec, path_is_pipe_command);
+
+	else if (compression_spec.algorithm == PG_COMPRESSION_NONE)
+		InitCompressFileHandleNone(CFH, compression_spec, path_is_pipe_command);
 	else if (compression_spec.algorithm == PG_COMPRESSION_GZIP)
-		InitCompressFileHandleGzip(CFH, compression_spec);
+		InitCompressFileHandleGzip(CFH, compression_spec, path_is_pipe_command);
 	else if (compression_spec.algorithm == PG_COMPRESSION_LZ4)
-		InitCompressFileHandleLZ4(CFH, compression_spec);
+		InitCompressFileHandleLZ4(CFH, compression_spec, path_is_pipe_command);
 	else if (compression_spec.algorithm == PG_COMPRESSION_ZSTD)
-		InitCompressFileHandleZstd(CFH, compression_spec);
+		InitCompressFileHandleZstd(CFH, compression_spec, path_is_pipe_command);
 
 	return CFH;
 }
@@ -237,7 +247,8 @@ check_compressed_file(const char *path, char **fname, char *ext)
  * On failure, return NULL with an error code in errno.
  */
 CompressFileHandle *
-InitDiscoverCompressFileHandle(const char *path, const char *mode)
+InitDiscoverCompressFileHandle(const char *path, const char *mode,
+							   bool path_is_pipe_command)
 {
 	CompressFileHandle *CFH = NULL;
 	struct stat st;
@@ -268,7 +279,7 @@ InitDiscoverCompressFileHandle(const char *path, const char *mode)
 			compression_spec.algorithm = PG_COMPRESSION_ZSTD;
 	}
 
-	CFH = InitCompressFileHandle(compression_spec);
+	CFH = InitCompressFileHandle(compression_spec, path_is_pipe_command);
 	errno = 0;
 	if (!CFH->open_func(fname, -1, mode, CFH))
 	{
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/compress_io.h b/src/bin/pg_dump/compress_io.h
index ed7b14f0963..bd0fc2634dc 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/compress_io.h
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/compress_io.h
@@ -186,6 +186,11 @@ struct CompressFileHandle
 	 */
 	pg_compress_specification compression_spec;
 
+	/*
+	 * Compression specification for this file handle.
+	 */
+	bool		path_is_pipe_command;
+
 	/*
 	 * Private data to be used by the compressor.
 	 */
@@ -195,7 +200,8 @@ struct CompressFileHandle
 /*
  * Initialize a compress file handle with the requested compression.
  */
-extern CompressFileHandle *InitCompressFileHandle(const pg_compress_specification compression_spec);
+extern CompressFileHandle *InitCompressFileHandle(const pg_compress_specification compression_spec,
+												  bool path_is_pipe_command);
 
 /*
  * Initialize a compress file stream. Infer the compression algorithm
@@ -203,6 +209,7 @@ extern CompressFileHandle *InitCompressFileHandle(const pg_compress_specificatio
  * suffixes in 'path'.
  */
 extern CompressFileHandle *InitDiscoverCompressFileHandle(const char *path,
-														  const char *mode);
+														  const char *mode,
+														  bool path_is_pipe_command);
 extern bool EndCompressFileHandle(CompressFileHandle *CFH);
 #endif
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/compress_lz4.c b/src/bin/pg_dump/compress_lz4.c
index 20a8741d3ca..dce6cc55910 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/compress_lz4.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/compress_lz4.c
@@ -739,10 +739,14 @@ LZ4Stream_open_write(const char *path, const char *mode, CompressFileHandle *CFH
  */
 void
 InitCompressFileHandleLZ4(CompressFileHandle *CFH,
-						  const pg_compress_specification compression_spec)
+						  const pg_compress_specification compression_spec,
+						  bool path_is_pipe_command)
 {
 	LZ4State   *state;
 
+	if (path_is_pipe_command)
+		pg_fatal("Pipe command not supported for LZ4");
+
 	CFH->open_func = LZ4Stream_open;
 	CFH->open_write_func = LZ4Stream_open_write;
 	CFH->read_func = LZ4Stream_read;
@@ -758,6 +762,8 @@ InitCompressFileHandleLZ4(CompressFileHandle *CFH,
 	if (CFH->compression_spec.level >= 0)
 		state->prefs.compressionLevel = CFH->compression_spec.level;
 
+	CFH->path_is_pipe_command = path_is_pipe_command;
+
 	CFH->private_data = state;
 }
 #else							/* USE_LZ4 */
@@ -770,7 +776,8 @@ InitCompressorLZ4(CompressorState *cs,
 
 void
 InitCompressFileHandleLZ4(CompressFileHandle *CFH,
-						  const pg_compress_specification compression_spec)
+						  const pg_compress_specification compression_spec,
+						  bool path_is_pipe_command)
 {
 	pg_fatal("this build does not support compression with %s", "LZ4");
 }
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/compress_lz4.h b/src/bin/pg_dump/compress_lz4.h
index 7360a469fc0..490141ee8a1 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/compress_lz4.h
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/compress_lz4.h
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 extern void InitCompressorLZ4(CompressorState *cs,
 							  const pg_compress_specification compression_spec);
 extern void InitCompressFileHandleLZ4(CompressFileHandle *CFH,
-									  const pg_compress_specification compression_spec);
+									  const pg_compress_specification compression_spec,
+									  bool path_is_pipe_command);
 
 #endif							/* _COMPRESS_LZ4_H_ */
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/compress_none.c b/src/bin/pg_dump/compress_none.c
index 9997519e351..80203de6dbc 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/compress_none.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/compress_none.c
@@ -211,7 +211,10 @@ close_none(CompressFileHandle *CFH)
 	if (fp)
 	{
 		errno = 0;
-		ret = fclose(fp);
+		if (CFH->path_is_pipe_command)
+			ret = pclose(fp);
+		else
+			ret = fclose(fp);
 		if (ret != 0)
 			pg_log_error("could not close file: %m");
 	}
@@ -233,7 +236,12 @@ open_none(const char *path, int fd, const char *mode, CompressFileHandle *CFH)
 	if (fd >= 0)
 		CFH->private_data = fdopen(dup(fd), mode);
 	else
-		CFH->private_data = fopen(path, mode);
+	{
+		if (CFH->path_is_pipe_command)
+			CFH->private_data = popen(path, mode);
+		else
+			CFH->private_data = fopen(path, mode);
+	}
 
 	if (CFH->private_data == NULL)
 		return false;
@@ -246,7 +254,14 @@ open_write_none(const char *path, const char *mode, CompressFileHandle *CFH)
 {
 	Assert(CFH->private_data == NULL);
 
-	CFH->private_data = fopen(path, mode);
+	pg_log_debug("Opening %s, pipe is %s",
+				 path, CFH->path_is_pipe_command ? "true" : "false");
+
+	if (CFH->path_is_pipe_command)
+		CFH->private_data = popen(path, mode);
+	else
+		CFH->private_data = fopen(path, mode);
+
 	if (CFH->private_data == NULL)
 		return false;
 
@@ -259,7 +274,8 @@ open_write_none(const char *path, const char *mode, CompressFileHandle *CFH)
 
 void
 InitCompressFileHandleNone(CompressFileHandle *CFH,
-						   const pg_compress_specification compression_spec)
+						   const pg_compress_specification compression_spec,
+						   bool path_is_pipe_command)
 {
 	CFH->open_func = open_none;
 	CFH->open_write_func = open_write_none;
@@ -271,5 +287,7 @@ InitCompressFileHandleNone(CompressFileHandle *CFH,
 	CFH->eof_func = eof_none;
 	CFH->get_error_func = get_error_none;
 
+	CFH->path_is_pipe_command = path_is_pipe_command;
+
 	CFH->private_data = NULL;
 }
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/compress_none.h b/src/bin/pg_dump/compress_none.h
index 5134f012ee9..d898a2d411c 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/compress_none.h
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/compress_none.h
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 extern void InitCompressorNone(CompressorState *cs,
 							   const pg_compress_specification compression_spec);
 extern void InitCompressFileHandleNone(CompressFileHandle *CFH,
-									   const pg_compress_specification compression_spec);
+									   const pg_compress_specification compression_spec,
+									   bool path_is_pipe_command);
 
 #endif							/* _COMPRESS_NONE_H_ */
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/compress_zstd.c b/src/bin/pg_dump/compress_zstd.c
index 889691aa0c2..359ad627f1c 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/compress_zstd.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/compress_zstd.c
@@ -27,7 +27,8 @@ InitCompressorZstd(CompressorState *cs, const pg_compress_specification compress
 }
 
 void
-InitCompressFileHandleZstd(CompressFileHandle *CFH, const pg_compress_specification compression_spec)
+InitCompressFileHandleZstd(CompressFileHandle *CFH, const pg_compress_specification compression_spec,
+						   bool path_is_pipe_command)
 {
 	pg_fatal("this build does not support compression with %s", "ZSTD");
 }
@@ -558,8 +559,12 @@ Zstd_get_error(CompressFileHandle *CFH)
 
 void
 InitCompressFileHandleZstd(CompressFileHandle *CFH,
-						   const pg_compress_specification compression_spec)
+						   const pg_compress_specification compression_spec,
+						   bool path_is_pipe_command)
 {
+	if (path_is_pipe_command)
+		pg_fatal("Pipe command not supported for Zstd");
+
 	CFH->open_func = Zstd_open;
 	CFH->open_write_func = Zstd_open_write;
 	CFH->read_func = Zstd_read;
@@ -571,6 +576,7 @@ InitCompressFileHandleZstd(CompressFileHandle *CFH,
 	CFH->get_error_func = Zstd_get_error;
 
 	CFH->compression_spec = compression_spec;
+	CFH->path_is_pipe_command = path_is_pipe_command;
 
 	CFH->private_data = NULL;
 }
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/compress_zstd.h b/src/bin/pg_dump/compress_zstd.h
index 1222d7107d9..1f23e7266bf 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/compress_zstd.h
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/compress_zstd.h
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 extern void InitCompressorZstd(CompressorState *cs,
 							   const pg_compress_specification compression_spec);
 extern void InitCompressFileHandleZstd(CompressFileHandle *CFH,
-									   const pg_compress_specification compression_spec);
+									   const pg_compress_specification compression_spec,
+									   bool path_is_pipe_command);
 
 #endif							/* COMPRESS_ZSTD_H */
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup.h b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup.h
index d9041dad720..50b0afa4e7c 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup.h
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup.h
@@ -315,14 +315,15 @@ extern void ProcessArchiveRestoreOptions(Archive *AHX);
 extern void RestoreArchive(Archive *AHX);
 
 /* Open an existing archive */
-extern Archive *OpenArchive(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt);
+extern Archive *OpenArchive(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt, bool FileSpecIsPipe);
 
 /* Create a new archive */
 extern Archive *CreateArchive(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt,
 							  const pg_compress_specification compression_spec,
 							  bool dosync, ArchiveMode mode,
 							  SetupWorkerPtrType setupDumpWorker,
-							  DataDirSyncMethod sync_method);
+							  DataDirSyncMethod sync_method,
+							  bool FileSpecIsPipe);
 
 /* The --list option */
 extern void PrintTOCSummary(Archive *AHX);
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.c b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.c
index 4a63f7392ae..1c820278770 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.c
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ static ArchiveHandle *_allocAH(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt,
 							   const pg_compress_specification compression_spec,
 							   bool dosync, ArchiveMode mode,
 							   SetupWorkerPtrType setupWorkerPtr,
-							   DataDirSyncMethod sync_method);
+							   DataDirSyncMethod sync_method, bool FileSpecIsPipe);
 static void _getObjectDescription(PQExpBuffer buf, const TocEntry *te);
 static void _printTocEntry(ArchiveHandle *AH, TocEntry *te, const char *pfx);
 static void _doSetFixedOutputState(ArchiveHandle *AH);
@@ -232,11 +232,12 @@ CreateArchive(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt,
 			  const pg_compress_specification compression_spec,
 			  bool dosync, ArchiveMode mode,
 			  SetupWorkerPtrType setupDumpWorker,
-			  DataDirSyncMethod sync_method)
+			  DataDirSyncMethod sync_method,
+			  bool FileSpecIsPipe)
 
 {
 	ArchiveHandle *AH = _allocAH(FileSpec, fmt, compression_spec,
-								 dosync, mode, setupDumpWorker, sync_method);
+								 dosync, mode, setupDumpWorker, sync_method, FileSpecIsPipe);
 
 	return (Archive *) AH;
 }
@@ -244,7 +245,7 @@ CreateArchive(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt,
 /* Open an existing archive */
 /* Public */
 Archive *
-OpenArchive(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt)
+OpenArchive(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt, bool FileSpecIsPipe)
 {
 	ArchiveHandle *AH;
 	pg_compress_specification compression_spec = {0};
@@ -252,7 +253,7 @@ OpenArchive(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt)
 	compression_spec.algorithm = PG_COMPRESSION_NONE;
 	AH = _allocAH(FileSpec, fmt, compression_spec, true,
 				  archModeRead, setupRestoreWorker,
-				  DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC);
+				  DATA_DIR_SYNC_METHOD_FSYNC, FileSpecIsPipe);
 
 	return (Archive *) AH;
 }
@@ -1720,7 +1721,7 @@ SetOutput(ArchiveHandle *AH, const char *filename,
 	else
 		mode = PG_BINARY_W;
 
-	CFH = InitCompressFileHandle(compression_spec);
+	CFH = InitCompressFileHandle(compression_spec, AH->fSpecIsPipe);
 
 	if (!CFH->open_func(filename, fn, mode, CFH))
 	{
@@ -2376,7 +2377,8 @@ static ArchiveHandle *
 _allocAH(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt,
 		 const pg_compress_specification compression_spec,
 		 bool dosync, ArchiveMode mode,
-		 SetupWorkerPtrType setupWorkerPtr, DataDirSyncMethod sync_method)
+		 SetupWorkerPtrType setupWorkerPtr, DataDirSyncMethod sync_method,
+		 bool FileSpecIsPipe)
 {
 	ArchiveHandle *AH;
 	CompressFileHandle *CFH;
@@ -2417,6 +2419,8 @@ _allocAH(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt,
 	else
 		AH->fSpec = NULL;
 
+	AH->fSpecIsPipe = FileSpecIsPipe;
+
 	AH->currUser = NULL;		/* unknown */
 	AH->currSchema = NULL;		/* ditto */
 	AH->currTablespace = NULL;	/* ditto */
@@ -2429,14 +2433,14 @@ _allocAH(const char *FileSpec, const ArchiveFormat fmt,
 
 	AH->mode = mode;
 	AH->compression_spec = compression_spec;
-	AH->dosync = dosync;
+	AH->dosync = FileSpecIsPipe ? false : dosync;
 	AH->sync_method = sync_method;
 
 	memset(&(AH->sqlparse), 0, sizeof(AH->sqlparse));
 
 	/* Open stdout with no compression for AH output handle */
 	out_compress_spec.algorithm = PG_COMPRESSION_NONE;
-	CFH = InitCompressFileHandle(out_compress_spec);
+	CFH = InitCompressFileHandle(out_compress_spec, AH->fSpecIsPipe);
 	if (!CFH->open_func(NULL, fileno(stdout), PG_BINARY_A, CFH))
 		pg_fatal("could not open stdout for appending: %m");
 	AH->OF = CFH;
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.h b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.h
index 325b53fc9bd..a8b1ab79e82 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.h
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.h
@@ -301,6 +301,8 @@ struct _archiveHandle
 	int			loCount;		/* # of LOs restored */
 
 	char	   *fSpec;			/* Archive File Spec */
+	bool		fSpecIsPipe;	/* fSpec is a pipe command template requiring
+								 * replacing %f with file name */
 	FILE	   *FH;				/* General purpose file handle */
 	void	   *OF;				/* Output file */
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_directory.c b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_directory.c
index cd4036ead82..db23031d9ac 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_directory.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_directory.c
@@ -39,7 +39,8 @@
 #include <dirent.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 
-#include "common/file_utils.h"
+/* #include "common/file_utils.h" */
+#include "common/percentrepl.h"
 #include "compress_io.h"
 #include "dumputils.h"
 #include "parallel.h"
@@ -157,8 +158,11 @@ InitArchiveFmt_Directory(ArchiveHandle *AH)
 
 	if (AH->mode == archModeWrite)
 	{
-		/* we accept an empty existing directory */
-		create_or_open_dir(ctx->directory);
+		if (!AH->fSpecIsPipe)	/* no checks for pipe */
+		{
+			/* we accept an empty existing directory */
+			create_or_open_dir(ctx->directory);
+		}
 	}
 	else
 	{							/* Read Mode */
@@ -167,7 +171,7 @@ InitArchiveFmt_Directory(ArchiveHandle *AH)
 
 		setFilePath(AH, fname, "toc.dat");
 
-		tocFH = InitDiscoverCompressFileHandle(fname, PG_BINARY_R);
+		tocFH = InitDiscoverCompressFileHandle(fname, PG_BINARY_R, AH->fSpecIsPipe);
 		if (tocFH == NULL)
 			pg_fatal("could not open input file \"%s\": %m", fname);
 
@@ -295,7 +299,7 @@ _StartData(ArchiveHandle *AH, TocEntry *te)
 
 	setFilePath(AH, fname, tctx->filename);
 
-	ctx->dataFH = InitCompressFileHandle(AH->compression_spec);
+	ctx->dataFH = InitCompressFileHandle(AH->compression_spec, AH->fSpecIsPipe);
 
 	if (!ctx->dataFH->open_write_func(fname, PG_BINARY_W, ctx->dataFH))
 		pg_fatal("could not open output file \"%s\": %m", fname);
@@ -353,7 +357,7 @@ _PrintFileData(ArchiveHandle *AH, char *filename)
 	if (!filename)
 		return;
 
-	CFH = InitDiscoverCompressFileHandle(filename, PG_BINARY_R);
+	CFH = InitDiscoverCompressFileHandle(filename, PG_BINARY_R, AH->fSpecIsPipe);
 	if (!CFH)
 		pg_fatal("could not open input file \"%s\": %m", filename);
 
@@ -416,7 +420,7 @@ _LoadLOs(ArchiveHandle *AH, TocEntry *te)
 	else
 		setFilePath(AH, tocfname, tctx->filename);
 
-	CFH = ctx->LOsTocFH = InitDiscoverCompressFileHandle(tocfname, PG_BINARY_R);
+	CFH = ctx->LOsTocFH = InitDiscoverCompressFileHandle(tocfname, PG_BINARY_R, AH->fSpecIsPipe);
 
 	if (ctx->LOsTocFH == NULL)
 		pg_fatal("could not open large object TOC file \"%s\" for input: %m",
@@ -427,6 +431,7 @@ _LoadLOs(ArchiveHandle *AH, TocEntry *te)
 	{
 		char		lofname[MAXPGPATH + 1];
 		char		path[MAXPGPATH];
+		char	   *pipe;
 
 		/* Can't overflow because line and lofname are the same length */
 		if (sscanf(line, "%u %" CppAsString2(MAXPGPATH) "s\n", &oid, lofname) != 2)
@@ -545,7 +550,7 @@ _CloseArchive(ArchiveHandle *AH)
 
 		/* The TOC is always created uncompressed */
 		compression_spec.algorithm = PG_COMPRESSION_NONE;
-		tocFH = InitCompressFileHandle(compression_spec);
+		tocFH = InitCompressFileHandle(compression_spec, AH->fSpecIsPipe);
 		if (!tocFH->open_write_func(fname, PG_BINARY_W, tocFH))
 			pg_fatal("could not open output file \"%s\": %m", fname);
 		ctx->dataFH = tocFH;
@@ -606,13 +611,46 @@ _StartLOs(ArchiveHandle *AH, TocEntry *te)
 	lclTocEntry *tctx = (lclTocEntry *) te->formatData;
 	pg_compress_specification compression_spec = {0};
 	char		fname[MAXPGPATH];
+	const char *mode;
 
 	setFilePath(AH, fname, tctx->filename);
 
 	/* The LO TOC file is never compressed */
 	compression_spec.algorithm = PG_COMPRESSION_NONE;
-	ctx->LOsTocFH = InitCompressFileHandle(compression_spec);
-	if (!ctx->LOsTocFH->open_write_func(fname, "ab", ctx->LOsTocFH))
+	ctx->LOsTocFH = InitCompressFileHandle(compression_spec, AH->fSpecIsPipe);
+
+	/*
+	 * XXX: We can probably simplify this code by using the mode 'w' for all
+	 * cases. The current implementation is due to historical reason that the
+	 * mode for the LOs TOC file has been "ab" from the start. That is
+	 * something we can't do for pipe-command as popen only supports read and
+	 * write. So here a different mode is used for pipes.
+	 *
+	 * But in future we can evaluate using 'w' for everything.there is one
+	 * ToCEntry There is only one ToCEntry per blob group. And it is written
+	 * by @WriteDataChunksForToCEntry. This function calls _StartLOs once
+	 * before the dumper function and and _EndLOs once after the dumper. And
+	 * the dumper dumps all the LOs in the group. So a blob_NNN.toc is only
+	 * opened once and closed after all the entries are written. Therefore the
+	 * mode can be made 'w' for all the cases. We tested changing the mode to
+	 * PG_BINARY_W and the tests passed. But in case there are some missing
+	 * scenarios, we have not made that change here. Instead for now only
+	 * doing it for the pipe command.
+	 *
+	 * Another alternative is to keep the 'ab' mode for regular files and use
+	 * 'w' mode for pipe files but now also cache the pipe handle to keep it
+	 * open till all the LOs in the dump group are done. This is not needed
+	 * because of the same reason listed above that a file handle is only
+	 * opened once. In short there are 3 solutions : 1. Change the mode for
+	 * everything (preferred) 2. Change it only for pipe-command (current) 3.
+	 * Change it for pipe-command and then cache those handles and close them
+	 * in the end (not needed).
+	 */
+	if (AH->fSpecIsPipe)
+		mode = PG_BINARY_W;
+	else
+		mode = "ab";
+	if (!ctx->LOsTocFH->open_write_func(fname, mode, ctx->LOsTocFH))
 		pg_fatal("could not open output file \"%s\": %m", fname);
 }
 
@@ -626,10 +664,22 @@ _StartLO(ArchiveHandle *AH, TocEntry *te, Oid oid)
 {
 	lclContext *ctx = (lclContext *) AH->formatData;
 	char		fname[MAXPGPATH];
+	char	   *pipe;
+	char		blob_name[MAXPGPATH];
 
-	snprintf(fname, MAXPGPATH, "%s/blob_%u.dat", ctx->directory, oid);
+	if (AH->fSpecIsPipe)
+	{
+		snprintf(blob_name, MAXPGPATH, "blob_%u.dat", oid);
+		pipe = replace_percent_placeholders(ctx->directory, "pipe-command", "f", blob_name);
+		strcpy(fname, pipe);
+		pfree(pipe);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		snprintf(fname, MAXPGPATH, "%s/blob_%u.dat", ctx->directory, oid);
+	}
 
-	ctx->dataFH = InitCompressFileHandle(AH->compression_spec);
+	ctx->dataFH = InitCompressFileHandle(AH->compression_spec, AH->fSpecIsPipe);
 	if (!ctx->dataFH->open_write_func(fname, PG_BINARY_W, ctx->dataFH))
 		pg_fatal("could not open output file \"%s\": %m", fname);
 }
@@ -683,15 +733,27 @@ setFilePath(ArchiveHandle *AH, char *buf, const char *relativeFilename)
 {
 	lclContext *ctx = (lclContext *) AH->formatData;
 	char	   *dname;
+	char	   *pipe;
 
 	dname = ctx->directory;
 
-	if (strlen(dname) + 1 + strlen(relativeFilename) + 1 > MAXPGPATH)
-		pg_fatal("file name too long: \"%s\"", dname);
 
-	strcpy(buf, dname);
-	strcat(buf, "/");
-	strcat(buf, relativeFilename);
+	if (AH->fSpecIsPipe)
+	{
+		pipe = replace_percent_placeholders(dname, "pipe-command", "f", relativeFilename);
+		strcpy(buf, pipe);
+		pfree(pipe);
+	}
+	else						/* replace all ocurrences of %f in dname with
+								 * relativeFilename */
+	{
+		if (strlen(dname) + 1 + strlen(relativeFilename) + 1 > MAXPGPATH)
+			pg_fatal("file name too long: \"%s\"", dname);
+
+		strcpy(buf, dname);
+		strcat(buf, "/");
+		strcat(buf, relativeFilename);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -733,17 +795,24 @@ _PrepParallelRestore(ArchiveHandle *AH)
 		 * only need an approximate indicator of that.
 		 */
 		setFilePath(AH, fname, tctx->filename);
+		pg_log_error("filename: %s", fname);
 
 		if (stat(fname, &st) == 0)
 			te->dataLength = st.st_size;
 		else if (AH->compression_spec.algorithm != PG_COMPRESSION_NONE)
 		{
+			if (AH->fSpecIsPipe)
+				pg_log_error("pipe and compressed");
 			if (AH->compression_spec.algorithm == PG_COMPRESSION_GZIP)
 				strlcat(fname, ".gz", sizeof(fname));
 			else if (AH->compression_spec.algorithm == PG_COMPRESSION_LZ4)
 				strlcat(fname, ".lz4", sizeof(fname));
 			else if (AH->compression_spec.algorithm == PG_COMPRESSION_ZSTD)
+			{
+				pg_log_error("filename: %s", fname);
 				strlcat(fname, ".zst", sizeof(fname));
+				pg_log_error("filename: %s", fname);
+			}
 
 			if (stat(fname, &st) == 0)
 				te->dataLength = st.st_size;
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c
index 687dc98e46d..309c8c14264 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c
@@ -423,6 +423,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
 	int			c;
 	const char *filename = NULL;
+	bool		filename_is_pipe = false;
 	const char *format = "p";
 	TableInfo  *tblinfo;
 	int			numTables;
@@ -539,6 +540,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 		{"exclude-extension", required_argument, NULL, 17},
 		{"sequence-data", no_argument, &dopt.sequence_data, 1},
 		{"restrict-key", required_argument, NULL, 25},
+		{"pipe-command", required_argument, NULL, 26},
 
 		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
 	};
@@ -610,7 +612,14 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 				break;
 
 			case 'f':
+				if (filename != NULL)
+				{
+					pg_log_error_hint("Only one of [--file, --pipe-command] allowed");
+					exit_nicely(1);
+				}
 				filename = pg_strdup(optarg);
+				filename_is_pipe = false;	/* it already is, setting again
+											 * here just for clarity */
 				break;
 
 			case 'F':
@@ -801,6 +810,15 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 
 			case 25:
 				dopt.restrict_key = pg_strdup(optarg);
+
+			case 26:			/* pipe command */
+				if (filename != NULL)
+				{
+					pg_log_error_hint("Only one of [--file, --pipe-command] allowed");
+					exit_nicely(1);
+				}
+				filename = pg_strdup(optarg);
+				filename_is_pipe = true;
 				break;
 
 			default:
@@ -924,14 +942,26 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 	else if (dopt.restrict_key)
 		pg_fatal("option %s can only be used with %s",
 				 "--restrict-key", "--format=plain");
+	if (filename_is_pipe && archiveFormat != archDirectory)
+	{
+		pg_log_error_hint("Option --pipe-command is only supported with directory format.");
+		exit_nicely(1);
+	}
+
+	if (filename_is_pipe && strcmp(compression_algorithm_str, "none") != 0)
+	{
+		pg_log_error_hint("Option --pipe-command is not supported with any compression type.");
+		exit_nicely(1);
+	}
 
 	/*
 	 * Custom and directory formats are compressed by default with gzip when
 	 * available, not the others.  If gzip is not available, no compression is
-	 * done by default.
+	 * done by default. If directory format is being used with pipe-command,
+	 * no compression is done.
 	 */
 	if ((archiveFormat == archCustom || archiveFormat == archDirectory) &&
-		!user_compression_defined)
+		!filename_is_pipe && !user_compression_defined)
 	{
 #ifdef HAVE_LIBZ
 		compression_algorithm_str = "gzip";
@@ -981,7 +1011,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 
 	/* Open the output file */
 	fout = CreateArchive(filename, archiveFormat, compression_spec,
-						 dosync, archiveMode, setupDumpWorker, sync_method);
+						 dosync, archiveMode, setupDumpWorker, sync_method, filename_is_pipe);
 
 	/* Make dump options accessible right away */
 	SetArchiveOptions(fout, &dopt, NULL);
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_restore.c b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_restore.c
index 84b8d410c9e..9495a37ffc1 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_restore.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_restore.c
@@ -485,7 +485,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 					 opts->formatName);
 	}
 
-	AH = OpenArchive(inputFileSpec, opts->format);
+	AH = OpenArchive(inputFileSpec, opts->format, false);
 
 	SetArchiveOptions(AH, NULL, opts);
 
-- 
2.52.0.457.g6b5491de43-goog

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