Right now, the organization of this code is weird.  All AArch64-specific
implementations live in an AArch64-specific file, the AVX-512
implementations live in their own file, and the architecture-agnostic and
SSE4.2 implementations live in pg_bitutils.c.  The attached patches move
the SSE4.2 implementations to the AVX-512 file (which is renamed
appropriately), and they update some function names to be more descriptive,
i.e., "fast" is replaced with "sse42" and "slow" is replaced with
"generic".

I probably should've done this a while ago...

-- 
nathan
>From 683e7cca20e8bb4329ba300ed1b8cd1f8d183f62 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
Date: Wed, 14 Jan 2026 11:37:28 -0600
Subject: [PATCH v1 1/3] Rename pg_popcount_avx512.c to pg_popcount_x86_64.c.

This is preparatory work for a follow-up commit that will move the
rest of the x86-64-specific popcount code to this file.
---
 src/port/Makefile                                       | 2 +-
 src/port/meson.build                                    | 2 +-
 src/port/{pg_popcount_avx512.c => pg_popcount_x86_64.c} | 6 +++---
 3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)
 rename src/port/{pg_popcount_avx512.c => pg_popcount_x86_64.c} (98%)

diff --git a/src/port/Makefile b/src/port/Makefile
index 4274949dfa4..1f95f27112f 100644
--- a/src/port/Makefile
+++ b/src/port/Makefile
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ OBJS = \
        pg_localeconv_r.o \
        pg_numa.o \
        pg_popcount_aarch64.o \
-       pg_popcount_avx512.o \
+       pg_popcount_x86_64.o \
        pg_strong_random.o \
        pgcheckdir.o \
        pgmkdirp.o \
diff --git a/src/port/meson.build b/src/port/meson.build
index 28655142ebe..1daa6f47835 100644
--- a/src/port/meson.build
+++ b/src/port/meson.build
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ pgport_sources = [
   'pg_localeconv_r.c',
   'pg_numa.c',
   'pg_popcount_aarch64.c',
-  'pg_popcount_avx512.c',
+  'pg_popcount_x86_64.c',
   'pg_strong_random.c',
   'pgcheckdir.c',
   'pgmkdirp.c',
diff --git a/src/port/pg_popcount_avx512.c b/src/port/pg_popcount_x86_64.c
similarity index 98%
rename from src/port/pg_popcount_avx512.c
rename to src/port/pg_popcount_x86_64.c
index 407b610bacb..453c7a06ce9 100644
--- a/src/port/pg_popcount_avx512.c
+++ b/src/port/pg_popcount_x86_64.c
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  *
- * pg_popcount_avx512.c
- *       Holds the AVX-512 pg_popcount() implementation.
+ * pg_popcount_x86_64.c
+ *       Holds the x86-64 pg_popcount() implementations.
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2024-2026, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
  *
  * IDENTIFICATION
- *       src/port/pg_popcount_avx512.c
+ *       src/port/pg_popcount_x86_64.c
  *
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)

>From bcc9f40bc11e22477d1d0597baa9c2de27d8cd29 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
Date: Wed, 14 Jan 2026 11:54:54 -0600
Subject: [PATCH v1 2/3] Move x86 popcount code to pg_popcount_x86_64.c.

This moves the SSE4.2 popcount implementations to the recently
renamed file for x86-64-specific popcount code.
---
 src/include/port/pg_bitutils.h |  20 ++-
 src/port/pg_bitutils.c         | 263 +-------------------------------
 src/port/pg_popcount_x86_64.c  | 264 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 3 files changed, 267 insertions(+), 280 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/include/port/pg_bitutils.h b/src/include/port/pg_bitutils.h
index 8ed12f7a021..c9c508d4ba3 100644
--- a/src/include/port/pg_bitutils.h
+++ b/src/include/port/pg_bitutils.h
@@ -307,23 +307,21 @@ pg_ceil_log2_64(uint64 num)
 #define POPCNT_AARCH64 1
 #endif
 
+extern int     pg_popcount32_slow(uint32 word);
+extern int     pg_popcount64_slow(uint64 word);
+extern uint64 pg_popcount_slow(const char *buf, int bytes);
+extern uint64 pg_popcount_masked_slow(const char *buf, int bytes, bits8 mask);
+
 #ifdef TRY_POPCNT_X86_64
-/* Attempt to use the POPCNT instruction, but perform a runtime check first */
+/*
+ * Attempt to use SSE4.2 or AVX-512 instructions, but perform a runtime check
+ * first.
+ */
 extern PGDLLIMPORT int (*pg_popcount32) (uint32 word);
 extern PGDLLIMPORT int (*pg_popcount64) (uint64 word);
 extern PGDLLIMPORT uint64 (*pg_popcount_optimized) (const char *buf, int 
bytes);
 extern PGDLLIMPORT uint64 (*pg_popcount_masked_optimized) (const char *buf, 
int bytes, bits8 mask);
 
-/*
- * We can also try to use the AVX-512 popcount instruction on some systems.
- * The implementation of that is located in its own file.
- */
-#ifdef USE_AVX512_POPCNT_WITH_RUNTIME_CHECK
-extern bool pg_popcount_avx512_available(void);
-extern uint64 pg_popcount_avx512(const char *buf, int bytes);
-extern uint64 pg_popcount_masked_avx512(const char *buf, int bytes, bits8 
mask);
-#endif
-
 #elif POPCNT_AARCH64
 /* Use the Neon version of pg_popcount{32,64} without function pointer. */
 extern int     pg_popcount32(uint32 word);
diff --git a/src/port/pg_bitutils.c b/src/port/pg_bitutils.c
index 7875bbb0f4b..9f9f90ddd4d 100644
--- a/src/port/pg_bitutils.c
+++ b/src/port/pg_bitutils.c
@@ -12,13 +12,6 @@
  */
 #include "c.h"
 
-#ifdef HAVE__GET_CPUID
-#include <cpuid.h>
-#endif
-#ifdef HAVE__CPUID
-#include <intrin.h>
-#endif
-
 #include "port/pg_bitutils.h"
 
 
@@ -103,257 +96,11 @@ const uint8 pg_number_of_ones[256] = {
        4, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 7, 5, 6, 6, 7, 6, 7, 7, 8
 };
 
-/*
- * If we are building the Neon versions, we don't need the "slow" fallbacks.
- */
-#ifndef POPCNT_AARCH64
-static inline int pg_popcount32_slow(uint32 word);
-static inline int pg_popcount64_slow(uint64 word);
-static uint64 pg_popcount_slow(const char *buf, int bytes);
-static uint64 pg_popcount_masked_slow(const char *buf, int bytes, bits8 mask);
-#endif
-
-#ifdef TRY_POPCNT_X86_64
-static bool pg_popcount_available(void);
-static int     pg_popcount32_choose(uint32 word);
-static int     pg_popcount64_choose(uint64 word);
-static uint64 pg_popcount_choose(const char *buf, int bytes);
-static uint64 pg_popcount_masked_choose(const char *buf, int bytes, bits8 
mask);
-static inline int pg_popcount32_fast(uint32 word);
-static inline int pg_popcount64_fast(uint64 word);
-static uint64 pg_popcount_fast(const char *buf, int bytes);
-static uint64 pg_popcount_masked_fast(const char *buf, int bytes, bits8 mask);
-
-int                    (*pg_popcount32) (uint32 word) = pg_popcount32_choose;
-int                    (*pg_popcount64) (uint64 word) = pg_popcount64_choose;
-uint64         (*pg_popcount_optimized) (const char *buf, int bytes) = 
pg_popcount_choose;
-uint64         (*pg_popcount_masked_optimized) (const char *buf, int bytes, 
bits8 mask) = pg_popcount_masked_choose;
-#endif                                                 /* TRY_POPCNT_X86_64 */
-
-#ifdef TRY_POPCNT_X86_64
-
-/*
- * Return true if CPUID indicates that the POPCNT instruction is available.
- */
-static bool
-pg_popcount_available(void)
-{
-       unsigned int exx[4] = {0, 0, 0, 0};
-
-#if defined(HAVE__GET_CPUID)
-       __get_cpuid(1, &exx[0], &exx[1], &exx[2], &exx[3]);
-#elif defined(HAVE__CPUID)
-       __cpuid(exx, 1);
-#else
-#error cpuid instruction not available
-#endif
-
-       return (exx[2] & (1 << 23)) != 0;       /* POPCNT */
-}
-
-/*
- * These functions get called on the first call to pg_popcount32 etc.
- * They detect whether we can use the asm implementations, and replace
- * the function pointers so that subsequent calls are routed directly to
- * the chosen implementation.
- */
-static inline void
-choose_popcount_functions(void)
-{
-       if (pg_popcount_available())
-       {
-               pg_popcount32 = pg_popcount32_fast;
-               pg_popcount64 = pg_popcount64_fast;
-               pg_popcount_optimized = pg_popcount_fast;
-               pg_popcount_masked_optimized = pg_popcount_masked_fast;
-       }
-       else
-       {
-               pg_popcount32 = pg_popcount32_slow;
-               pg_popcount64 = pg_popcount64_slow;
-               pg_popcount_optimized = pg_popcount_slow;
-               pg_popcount_masked_optimized = pg_popcount_masked_slow;
-       }
-
-#ifdef USE_AVX512_POPCNT_WITH_RUNTIME_CHECK
-       if (pg_popcount_avx512_available())
-       {
-               pg_popcount_optimized = pg_popcount_avx512;
-               pg_popcount_masked_optimized = pg_popcount_masked_avx512;
-       }
-#endif
-}
-
-static int
-pg_popcount32_choose(uint32 word)
-{
-       choose_popcount_functions();
-       return pg_popcount32(word);
-}
-
-static int
-pg_popcount64_choose(uint64 word)
-{
-       choose_popcount_functions();
-       return pg_popcount64(word);
-}
-
-static uint64
-pg_popcount_choose(const char *buf, int bytes)
-{
-       choose_popcount_functions();
-       return pg_popcount_optimized(buf, bytes);
-}
-
-static uint64
-pg_popcount_masked_choose(const char *buf, int bytes, bits8 mask)
-{
-       choose_popcount_functions();
-       return pg_popcount_masked(buf, bytes, mask);
-}
-
-/*
- * pg_popcount32_fast
- *             Return the number of 1 bits set in word
- */
-static inline int
-pg_popcount32_fast(uint32 word)
-{
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-       return __popcnt(word);
-#else
-       uint32          res;
-
-__asm__ __volatile__(" popcntl %1,%0\n":"=q"(res):"rm"(word):"cc");
-       return (int) res;
-#endif
-}
-
-/*
- * pg_popcount64_fast
- *             Return the number of 1 bits set in word
- */
-static inline int
-pg_popcount64_fast(uint64 word)
-{
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-       return __popcnt64(word);
-#else
-       uint64          res;
-
-__asm__ __volatile__(" popcntq %1,%0\n":"=q"(res):"rm"(word):"cc");
-       return (int) res;
-#endif
-}
-
-/*
- * pg_popcount_fast
- *             Returns the number of 1-bits in buf
- */
-static uint64
-pg_popcount_fast(const char *buf, int bytes)
-{
-       uint64          popcnt = 0;
-
-#if SIZEOF_VOID_P >= 8
-       /* Process in 64-bit chunks if the buffer is aligned. */
-       if (buf == (const char *) TYPEALIGN(8, buf))
-       {
-               const uint64 *words = (const uint64 *) buf;
-
-               while (bytes >= 8)
-               {
-                       popcnt += pg_popcount64_fast(*words++);
-                       bytes -= 8;
-               }
-
-               buf = (const char *) words;
-       }
-#else
-       /* Process in 32-bit chunks if the buffer is aligned. */
-       if (buf == (const char *) TYPEALIGN(4, buf))
-       {
-               const uint32 *words = (const uint32 *) buf;
-
-               while (bytes >= 4)
-               {
-                       popcnt += pg_popcount32_fast(*words++);
-                       bytes -= 4;
-               }
-
-               buf = (const char *) words;
-       }
-#endif
-
-       /* Process any remaining bytes */
-       while (bytes--)
-               popcnt += pg_number_of_ones[(unsigned char) *buf++];
-
-       return popcnt;
-}
-
-/*
- * pg_popcount_masked_fast
- *             Returns the number of 1-bits in buf after applying the mask to 
each byte
- */
-static uint64
-pg_popcount_masked_fast(const char *buf, int bytes, bits8 mask)
-{
-       uint64          popcnt = 0;
-
-#if SIZEOF_VOID_P >= 8
-       /* Process in 64-bit chunks if the buffer is aligned */
-       uint64          maskv = ~UINT64CONST(0) / 0xFF * mask;
-
-       if (buf == (const char *) TYPEALIGN(8, buf))
-       {
-               const uint64 *words = (const uint64 *) buf;
-
-               while (bytes >= 8)
-               {
-                       popcnt += pg_popcount64_fast(*words++ & maskv);
-                       bytes -= 8;
-               }
-
-               buf = (const char *) words;
-       }
-#else
-       /* Process in 32-bit chunks if the buffer is aligned. */
-       uint32          maskv = ~((uint32) 0) / 0xFF * mask;
-
-       if (buf == (const char *) TYPEALIGN(4, buf))
-       {
-               const uint32 *words = (const uint32 *) buf;
-
-               while (bytes >= 4)
-               {
-                       popcnt += pg_popcount32_fast(*words++ & maskv);
-                       bytes -= 4;
-               }
-
-               buf = (const char *) words;
-       }
-#endif
-
-       /* Process any remaining bytes */
-       while (bytes--)
-               popcnt += pg_number_of_ones[(unsigned char) *buf++ & mask];
-
-       return popcnt;
-}
-
-#endif                                                 /* TRY_POPCNT_X86_64 */
-
-/*
- * If we are building the Neon versions, we don't need the "slow" fallbacks.
- */
-#ifndef POPCNT_AARCH64
-
 /*
  * pg_popcount32_slow
  *             Return the number of 1 bits set in word
  */
-static inline int
+int
 pg_popcount32_slow(uint32 word)
 {
 #ifdef HAVE__BUILTIN_POPCOUNT
@@ -375,7 +122,7 @@ pg_popcount32_slow(uint32 word)
  * pg_popcount64_slow
  *             Return the number of 1 bits set in word
  */
-static inline int
+int
 pg_popcount64_slow(uint64 word)
 {
 #ifdef HAVE__BUILTIN_POPCOUNT
@@ -403,7 +150,7 @@ pg_popcount64_slow(uint64 word)
  * pg_popcount_slow
  *             Returns the number of 1-bits in buf
  */
-static uint64
+uint64
 pg_popcount_slow(const char *buf, int bytes)
 {
        uint64          popcnt = 0;
@@ -449,7 +196,7 @@ pg_popcount_slow(const char *buf, int bytes)
  * pg_popcount_masked_slow
  *             Returns the number of 1-bits in buf after applying the mask to 
each byte
  */
-static uint64
+uint64
 pg_popcount_masked_slow(const char *buf, int bytes, bits8 mask)
 {
        uint64          popcnt = 0;
@@ -495,8 +242,6 @@ pg_popcount_masked_slow(const char *buf, int bytes, bits8 
mask)
        return popcnt;
 }
 
-#endif                                                 /* ! POPCNT_AARCH64 */
-
 #if !defined(TRY_POPCNT_X86_64) && !defined(POPCNT_AARCH64)
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/port/pg_popcount_x86_64.c b/src/port/pg_popcount_x86_64.c
index 453c7a06ce9..f8643642613 100644
--- a/src/port/pg_popcount_x86_64.c
+++ b/src/port/pg_popcount_x86_64.c
@@ -12,26 +12,74 @@
  */
 #include "c.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_AVX512_POPCNT_WITH_RUNTIME_CHECK
+#include "port/pg_bitutils.h"
+
+#ifdef TRY_POPCNT_X86_64
 
 #if defined(HAVE__GET_CPUID) || defined(HAVE__GET_CPUID_COUNT)
 #include <cpuid.h>
 #endif
 
+#ifdef USE_AVX512_POPCNT_WITH_RUNTIME_CHECK
 #include <immintrin.h>
+#endif
 
 #if defined(HAVE__CPUID) || defined(HAVE__CPUIDEX)
 #include <intrin.h>
 #endif
 
-#include "port/pg_bitutils.h"
+/*
+ * The SSE4.2 versions are built regardless of whether we are building the
+ * AVX-512 versions.
+ */
+static inline int pg_popcount32_fast(uint32 word);
+static inline int pg_popcount64_fast(uint64 word);
+static uint64 pg_popcount_fast(const char *buf, int bytes);
+static uint64 pg_popcount_masked_fast(const char *buf, int bytes, bits8 mask);
 
 /*
- * It's probably unlikely that TRY_POPCNT_X86_64 won't be set if we are able to
- * use AVX-512 intrinsics, but we check it anyway to be sure.  We piggy-back on
- * the function pointers that are only used when TRY_POPCNT_X86_64 is set.
+ * These are the AVX-512 implementations of the popcount functions.
  */
-#ifdef TRY_POPCNT_X86_64
+#ifdef USE_AVX512_POPCNT_WITH_RUNTIME_CHECK
+static uint64 pg_popcount_avx512(const char *buf, int bytes);
+static uint64 pg_popcount_masked_avx512(const char *buf, int bytes, bits8 
mask);
+#endif                                                 /* 
USE_AVX512_POPCNT_WITH_RUNTIME_CHECK */
+
+/*
+ * The function pointers are initially set to "choose" functions.  These
+ * functions will first set the pointers to the right implementations (base on
+ * what the current CPU supports) and then will call the pointer to fulfill the
+ * caller's request.
+ */
+static int     pg_popcount32_choose(uint32 word);
+static int     pg_popcount64_choose(uint64 word);
+static uint64 pg_popcount_choose(const char *buf, int bytes);
+static uint64 pg_popcount_masked_choose(const char *buf, int bytes, bits8 
mask);
+int                    (*pg_popcount32) (uint32 word) = pg_popcount32_choose;
+int                    (*pg_popcount64) (uint64 word) = pg_popcount64_choose;
+uint64         (*pg_popcount_optimized) (const char *buf, int bytes) = 
pg_popcount_choose;
+uint64         (*pg_popcount_masked_optimized) (const char *buf, int bytes, 
bits8 mask) = pg_popcount_masked_choose;
+
+/*
+ * Return true if CPUID indicates that the POPCNT instruction is available.
+ */
+static bool
+pg_popcount_available(void)
+{
+       unsigned int exx[4] = {0, 0, 0, 0};
+
+#if defined(HAVE__GET_CPUID)
+       __get_cpuid(1, &exx[0], &exx[1], &exx[2], &exx[3]);
+#elif defined(HAVE__CPUID)
+       __cpuid(exx, 1);
+#else
+#error cpuid instruction not available
+#endif
+
+       return (exx[2] & (1 << 23)) != 0;       /* POPCNT */
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_AVX512_POPCNT_WITH_RUNTIME_CHECK
 
 /*
  * Does CPUID say there's support for XSAVE instructions?
@@ -94,7 +142,7 @@ avx512_popcnt_available(void)
  * Returns true if the CPU supports the instructions required for the AVX-512
  * pg_popcount() implementation.
  */
-bool
+static bool
 pg_popcount_avx512_available(void)
 {
        return xsave_available() &&
@@ -102,12 +150,77 @@ pg_popcount_avx512_available(void)
                avx512_popcnt_available();
 }
 
+#endif                                                 /* 
USE_AVX512_POPCNT_WITH_RUNTIME_CHECK */
+
+/*
+ * These functions get called on the first call to pg_popcount32 etc.
+ * They detect whether we can use the asm implementations, and replace
+ * the function pointers so that subsequent calls are routed directly to
+ * the chosen implementation.
+ */
+static inline void
+choose_popcount_functions(void)
+{
+       if (pg_popcount_available())
+       {
+               pg_popcount32 = pg_popcount32_fast;
+               pg_popcount64 = pg_popcount64_fast;
+               pg_popcount_optimized = pg_popcount_fast;
+               pg_popcount_masked_optimized = pg_popcount_masked_fast;
+       }
+       else
+       {
+               pg_popcount32 = pg_popcount32_slow;
+               pg_popcount64 = pg_popcount64_slow;
+               pg_popcount_optimized = pg_popcount_slow;
+               pg_popcount_masked_optimized = pg_popcount_masked_slow;
+       }
+
+#ifdef USE_AVX512_POPCNT_WITH_RUNTIME_CHECK
+       if (pg_popcount_avx512_available())
+       {
+               pg_popcount_optimized = pg_popcount_avx512;
+               pg_popcount_masked_optimized = pg_popcount_masked_avx512;
+       }
+#endif
+}
+
+static int
+pg_popcount32_choose(uint32 word)
+{
+       choose_popcount_functions();
+       return pg_popcount32(word);
+}
+
+static int
+pg_popcount64_choose(uint64 word)
+{
+       choose_popcount_functions();
+       return pg_popcount64(word);
+}
+
+static uint64
+pg_popcount_choose(const char *buf, int bytes)
+{
+       choose_popcount_functions();
+       return pg_popcount_optimized(buf, bytes);
+}
+
+static uint64
+pg_popcount_masked_choose(const char *buf, int bytes, bits8 mask)
+{
+       choose_popcount_functions();
+       return pg_popcount_masked(buf, bytes, mask);
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_AVX512_POPCNT_WITH_RUNTIME_CHECK
+
 /*
  * pg_popcount_avx512
  *             Returns the number of 1-bits in buf
  */
 pg_attribute_target("avx512vpopcntdq,avx512bw")
-uint64
+static uint64
 pg_popcount_avx512(const char *buf, int bytes)
 {
        __m512i         val,
@@ -163,7 +276,7 @@ pg_popcount_avx512(const char *buf, int bytes)
  *             Returns the number of 1-bits in buf after applying the mask to 
each byte
  */
 pg_attribute_target("avx512vpopcntdq,avx512bw")
-uint64
+static uint64
 pg_popcount_masked_avx512(const char *buf, int bytes, bits8 mask)
 {
        __m512i         val,
@@ -219,5 +332,136 @@ pg_popcount_masked_avx512(const char *buf, int bytes, 
bits8 mask)
        return _mm512_reduce_add_epi64(accum);
 }
 
-#endif                                                 /* TRY_POPCNT_X86_64 */
 #endif                                                 /* 
USE_AVX512_POPCNT_WITH_RUNTIME_CHECK */
+
+/*
+ * pg_popcount32_fast
+ *             Return the number of 1 bits set in word
+ */
+static inline int
+pg_popcount32_fast(uint32 word)
+{
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+       return __popcnt(word);
+#else
+       uint32          res;
+
+__asm__ __volatile__(" popcntl %1,%0\n":"=q"(res):"rm"(word):"cc");
+       return (int) res;
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * pg_popcount64_fast
+ *             Return the number of 1 bits set in word
+ */
+static inline int
+pg_popcount64_fast(uint64 word)
+{
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+       return __popcnt64(word);
+#else
+       uint64          res;
+
+__asm__ __volatile__(" popcntq %1,%0\n":"=q"(res):"rm"(word):"cc");
+       return (int) res;
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * pg_popcount_fast
+ *             Returns the number of 1-bits in buf
+ */
+static uint64
+pg_popcount_fast(const char *buf, int bytes)
+{
+       uint64          popcnt = 0;
+
+#if SIZEOF_VOID_P >= 8
+       /* Process in 64-bit chunks if the buffer is aligned. */
+       if (buf == (const char *) TYPEALIGN(8, buf))
+       {
+               const uint64 *words = (const uint64 *) buf;
+
+               while (bytes >= 8)
+               {
+                       popcnt += pg_popcount64_fast(*words++);
+                       bytes -= 8;
+               }
+
+               buf = (const char *) words;
+       }
+#else
+       /* Process in 32-bit chunks if the buffer is aligned. */
+       if (buf == (const char *) TYPEALIGN(4, buf))
+       {
+               const uint32 *words = (const uint32 *) buf;
+
+               while (bytes >= 4)
+               {
+                       popcnt += pg_popcount32_fast(*words++);
+                       bytes -= 4;
+               }
+
+               buf = (const char *) words;
+       }
+#endif
+
+       /* Process any remaining bytes */
+       while (bytes--)
+               popcnt += pg_number_of_ones[(unsigned char) *buf++];
+
+       return popcnt;
+}
+
+/*
+ * pg_popcount_masked_fast
+ *             Returns the number of 1-bits in buf after applying the mask to 
each byte
+ */
+static uint64
+pg_popcount_masked_fast(const char *buf, int bytes, bits8 mask)
+{
+       uint64          popcnt = 0;
+
+#if SIZEOF_VOID_P >= 8
+       /* Process in 64-bit chunks if the buffer is aligned */
+       uint64          maskv = ~UINT64CONST(0) / 0xFF * mask;
+
+       if (buf == (const char *) TYPEALIGN(8, buf))
+       {
+               const uint64 *words = (const uint64 *) buf;
+
+               while (bytes >= 8)
+               {
+                       popcnt += pg_popcount64_fast(*words++ & maskv);
+                       bytes -= 8;
+               }
+
+               buf = (const char *) words;
+       }
+#else
+       /* Process in 32-bit chunks if the buffer is aligned. */
+       uint32          maskv = ~((uint32) 0) / 0xFF * mask;
+
+       if (buf == (const char *) TYPEALIGN(4, buf))
+       {
+               const uint32 *words = (const uint32 *) buf;
+
+               while (bytes >= 4)
+               {
+                       popcnt += pg_popcount32_fast(*words++ & maskv);
+                       bytes -= 4;
+               }
+
+               buf = (const char *) words;
+       }
+#endif
+
+       /* Process any remaining bytes */
+       while (bytes--)
+               popcnt += pg_number_of_ones[(unsigned char) *buf++ & mask];
+
+       return popcnt;
+}
+
+#endif                                                 /* TRY_POPCNT_X86_64 */
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)

>From f7534b04ab52c5921141046a25738cc570ad0ad2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
Date: Wed, 14 Jan 2026 14:14:41 -0500
Subject: [PATCH v1 3/3] Rename "fast" and "slow" popcount functions.

Since we now how several implementations of the popcount functions,
let's give them more descriptive names.  This commit replaces
"slow" with "generic" and "fast" with "sse42".
---
 src/include/port/pg_bitutils.h |  8 +++---
 src/port/pg_bitutils.c         | 38 ++++++++++++-------------
 src/port/pg_popcount_x86_64.c  | 52 +++++++++++++++++-----------------
 3 files changed, 49 insertions(+), 49 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/include/port/pg_bitutils.h b/src/include/port/pg_bitutils.h
index c9c508d4ba3..f2f94894d3a 100644
--- a/src/include/port/pg_bitutils.h
+++ b/src/include/port/pg_bitutils.h
@@ -307,10 +307,10 @@ pg_ceil_log2_64(uint64 num)
 #define POPCNT_AARCH64 1
 #endif
 
-extern int     pg_popcount32_slow(uint32 word);
-extern int     pg_popcount64_slow(uint64 word);
-extern uint64 pg_popcount_slow(const char *buf, int bytes);
-extern uint64 pg_popcount_masked_slow(const char *buf, int bytes, bits8 mask);
+extern int     pg_popcount32_generic(uint32 word);
+extern int     pg_popcount64_generic(uint64 word);
+extern uint64 pg_popcount_generic(const char *buf, int bytes);
+extern uint64 pg_popcount_masked_generic(const char *buf, int bytes, bits8 
mask);
 
 #ifdef TRY_POPCNT_X86_64
 /*
diff --git a/src/port/pg_bitutils.c b/src/port/pg_bitutils.c
index 9f9f90ddd4d..2d8a7e0cf6a 100644
--- a/src/port/pg_bitutils.c
+++ b/src/port/pg_bitutils.c
@@ -97,11 +97,11 @@ const uint8 pg_number_of_ones[256] = {
 };
 
 /*
- * pg_popcount32_slow
+ * pg_popcount32_generic
  *             Return the number of 1 bits set in word
  */
 int
-pg_popcount32_slow(uint32 word)
+pg_popcount32_generic(uint32 word)
 {
 #ifdef HAVE__BUILTIN_POPCOUNT
        return __builtin_popcount(word);
@@ -119,11 +119,11 @@ pg_popcount32_slow(uint32 word)
 }
 
 /*
- * pg_popcount64_slow
+ * pg_popcount64_generic
  *             Return the number of 1 bits set in word
  */
 int
-pg_popcount64_slow(uint64 word)
+pg_popcount64_generic(uint64 word)
 {
 #ifdef HAVE__BUILTIN_POPCOUNT
 #if SIZEOF_LONG == 8
@@ -147,11 +147,11 @@ pg_popcount64_slow(uint64 word)
 }
 
 /*
- * pg_popcount_slow
+ * pg_popcount_generic
  *             Returns the number of 1-bits in buf
  */
 uint64
-pg_popcount_slow(const char *buf, int bytes)
+pg_popcount_generic(const char *buf, int bytes)
 {
        uint64          popcnt = 0;
 
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ pg_popcount_slow(const char *buf, int bytes)
 
                while (bytes >= 8)
                {
-                       popcnt += pg_popcount64_slow(*words++);
+                       popcnt += pg_popcount64_generic(*words++);
                        bytes -= 8;
                }
 
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ pg_popcount_slow(const char *buf, int bytes)
 
                while (bytes >= 4)
                {
-                       popcnt += pg_popcount32_slow(*words++);
+                       popcnt += pg_popcount32_generic(*words++);
                        bytes -= 4;
                }
 
@@ -193,11 +193,11 @@ pg_popcount_slow(const char *buf, int bytes)
 }
 
 /*
- * pg_popcount_masked_slow
+ * pg_popcount_masked_generic
  *             Returns the number of 1-bits in buf after applying the mask to 
each byte
  */
 uint64
-pg_popcount_masked_slow(const char *buf, int bytes, bits8 mask)
+pg_popcount_masked_generic(const char *buf, int bytes, bits8 mask)
 {
        uint64          popcnt = 0;
 
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ pg_popcount_masked_slow(const char *buf, int bytes, bits8 
mask)
 
                while (bytes >= 8)
                {
-                       popcnt += pg_popcount64_slow(*words++ & maskv);
+                       popcnt += pg_popcount64_generic(*words++ & maskv);
                        bytes -= 8;
                }
 
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ pg_popcount_masked_slow(const char *buf, int bytes, bits8 
mask)
 
                while (bytes >= 4)
                {
-                       popcnt += pg_popcount32_slow(*words++ & maskv);
+                       popcnt += pg_popcount32_generic(*words++ & maskv);
                        bytes -= 4;
                }
 
@@ -246,20 +246,20 @@ pg_popcount_masked_slow(const char *buf, int bytes, bits8 
mask)
 
 /*
  * When special CPU instructions are not available, there's no point in using
- * function pointers to vary the implementation between the fast and slow
- * method.  We instead just make these actual external functions.  The compiler
- * should be able to inline the slow versions here.
+ * function pointers to vary the implementation.  We instead just make these
+ * actual external functions.  The compiler should be able to inline the
+ * generic versions here.
  */
 int
 pg_popcount32(uint32 word)
 {
-       return pg_popcount32_slow(word);
+       return pg_popcount32_generic(word);
 }
 
 int
 pg_popcount64(uint64 word)
 {
-       return pg_popcount64_slow(word);
+       return pg_popcount64_generic(word);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ pg_popcount64(uint64 word)
 uint64
 pg_popcount_optimized(const char *buf, int bytes)
 {
-       return pg_popcount_slow(buf, bytes);
+       return pg_popcount_generic(buf, bytes);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ pg_popcount_optimized(const char *buf, int bytes)
 uint64
 pg_popcount_masked_optimized(const char *buf, int bytes, bits8 mask)
 {
-       return pg_popcount_masked_slow(buf, bytes, mask);
+       return pg_popcount_masked_generic(buf, bytes, mask);
 }
 
 #endif                                                 /* ! TRY_POPCNT_X86_64 
&& ! POPCNT_AARCH64 */
diff --git a/src/port/pg_popcount_x86_64.c b/src/port/pg_popcount_x86_64.c
index f8643642613..13c922f7ab1 100644
--- a/src/port/pg_popcount_x86_64.c
+++ b/src/port/pg_popcount_x86_64.c
@@ -32,10 +32,10 @@
  * The SSE4.2 versions are built regardless of whether we are building the
  * AVX-512 versions.
  */
-static inline int pg_popcount32_fast(uint32 word);
-static inline int pg_popcount64_fast(uint64 word);
-static uint64 pg_popcount_fast(const char *buf, int bytes);
-static uint64 pg_popcount_masked_fast(const char *buf, int bytes, bits8 mask);
+static inline int pg_popcount32_sse42(uint32 word);
+static inline int pg_popcount64_sse42(uint64 word);
+static uint64 pg_popcount_sse42(const char *buf, int bytes);
+static uint64 pg_popcount_masked_sse42(const char *buf, int bytes, bits8 mask);
 
 /*
  * These are the AVX-512 implementations of the popcount functions.
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ uint64                (*pg_popcount_masked_optimized) (const 
char *buf, int bytes, bits8 mask)
  * Return true if CPUID indicates that the POPCNT instruction is available.
  */
 static bool
-pg_popcount_available(void)
+pg_popcount_sse42_available(void)
 {
        unsigned int exx[4] = {0, 0, 0, 0};
 
@@ -161,19 +161,19 @@ pg_popcount_avx512_available(void)
 static inline void
 choose_popcount_functions(void)
 {
-       if (pg_popcount_available())
+       if (pg_popcount_sse42_available())
        {
-               pg_popcount32 = pg_popcount32_fast;
-               pg_popcount64 = pg_popcount64_fast;
-               pg_popcount_optimized = pg_popcount_fast;
-               pg_popcount_masked_optimized = pg_popcount_masked_fast;
+               pg_popcount32 = pg_popcount32_sse42;
+               pg_popcount64 = pg_popcount64_sse42;
+               pg_popcount_optimized = pg_popcount_sse42;
+               pg_popcount_masked_optimized = pg_popcount_masked_sse42;
        }
        else
        {
-               pg_popcount32 = pg_popcount32_slow;
-               pg_popcount64 = pg_popcount64_slow;
-               pg_popcount_optimized = pg_popcount_slow;
-               pg_popcount_masked_optimized = pg_popcount_masked_slow;
+               pg_popcount32 = pg_popcount32_generic;
+               pg_popcount64 = pg_popcount64_generic;
+               pg_popcount_optimized = pg_popcount_generic;
+               pg_popcount_masked_optimized = pg_popcount_masked_generic;
        }
 
 #ifdef USE_AVX512_POPCNT_WITH_RUNTIME_CHECK
@@ -335,11 +335,11 @@ pg_popcount_masked_avx512(const char *buf, int bytes, 
bits8 mask)
 #endif                                                 /* 
USE_AVX512_POPCNT_WITH_RUNTIME_CHECK */
 
 /*
- * pg_popcount32_fast
+ * pg_popcount32_sse42
  *             Return the number of 1 bits set in word
  */
 static inline int
-pg_popcount32_fast(uint32 word)
+pg_popcount32_sse42(uint32 word)
 {
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
        return __popcnt(word);
@@ -352,11 +352,11 @@ __asm__ __volatile__(" popcntl 
%1,%0\n":"=q"(res):"rm"(word):"cc");
 }
 
 /*
- * pg_popcount64_fast
+ * pg_popcount64_sse42
  *             Return the number of 1 bits set in word
  */
 static inline int
-pg_popcount64_fast(uint64 word)
+pg_popcount64_sse42(uint64 word)
 {
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
        return __popcnt64(word);
@@ -369,11 +369,11 @@ __asm__ __volatile__(" popcntq 
%1,%0\n":"=q"(res):"rm"(word):"cc");
 }
 
 /*
- * pg_popcount_fast
+ * pg_popcount_sse42
  *             Returns the number of 1-bits in buf
  */
 static uint64
-pg_popcount_fast(const char *buf, int bytes)
+pg_popcount_sse42(const char *buf, int bytes)
 {
        uint64          popcnt = 0;
 
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ pg_popcount_fast(const char *buf, int bytes)
 
                while (bytes >= 8)
                {
-                       popcnt += pg_popcount64_fast(*words++);
+                       popcnt += pg_popcount64_sse42(*words++);
                        bytes -= 8;
                }
 
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ pg_popcount_fast(const char *buf, int bytes)
 
                while (bytes >= 4)
                {
-                       popcnt += pg_popcount32_fast(*words++);
+                       popcnt += pg_popcount32_sse42(*words++);
                        bytes -= 4;
                }
 
@@ -415,11 +415,11 @@ pg_popcount_fast(const char *buf, int bytes)
 }
 
 /*
- * pg_popcount_masked_fast
+ * pg_popcount_masked_sse42
  *             Returns the number of 1-bits in buf after applying the mask to 
each byte
  */
 static uint64
-pg_popcount_masked_fast(const char *buf, int bytes, bits8 mask)
+pg_popcount_masked_sse42(const char *buf, int bytes, bits8 mask)
 {
        uint64          popcnt = 0;
 
@@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ pg_popcount_masked_fast(const char *buf, int bytes, bits8 
mask)
 
                while (bytes >= 8)
                {
-                       popcnt += pg_popcount64_fast(*words++ & maskv);
+                       popcnt += pg_popcount64_sse42(*words++ & maskv);
                        bytes -= 8;
                }
 
@@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ pg_popcount_masked_fast(const char *buf, int bytes, bits8 
mask)
 
                while (bytes >= 4)
                {
-                       popcnt += pg_popcount32_fast(*words++ & maskv);
+                       popcnt += pg_popcount32_sse42(*words++ & maskv);
                        bytes -= 4;
                }
 
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)

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