Hi,

On Sat, 14 Feb 2026 at 02:09, Nathan Bossart <[email protected]> wrote:
>
> Some other random thoughts:
>
> + match = vector8_or(vector8_eq(chunk, nl), vector8_eq(chunk, cr));
>
> + match = vector8_or(vector8_eq(chunk, nl), vector8_eq(chunk, cr));
>
> Since \n and \r are well below "normal" ASCII values, I wonder if we could
> simplify these to something like
>
> match = vector8_gt(... vector with all lanes set to \r + 1 ..., chunk);

This didn't work because we have horizontal tab characters whose value
(9) is lower than '\r' (13).


> + /* Check if we found any special characters */
> + mask = vector8_highbit_mask(match);
> + if (mask != 0)
>
> vector8_highbit_mask() is somewhat expensive on AArch64, so I wonder if
> waiting until we enter the "if" block to calculate it has any benefit.

I think this makes sense, done.


> + simd_hit_eol = (c1 == '\r' || c1 == '\n') && (!is_csv || !in_quote);
>
> If (is_csv && in_quote), we shouldn't have picked up \r or \n in the first
> place, right?

You are right, I put an assertion for this.


> + simd_hit_eof = c1 == '\\' && c2 == '.' && !is_csv;
> +
> + /*
> + * Do not disable SIMD when we hit EOL or EOF characters. In
> + * practice, it does not matter for EOF because parsing ends
> + * there, but we keep the behavior consistent.
> + */
> + if (!(simd_hit_eof || simd_hit_eol))
>
> I'd think that doing less unnecessary work would outweigh the benefits of
> consistency for the EOF case.

This will work once for the data since SIMD will be disabled
afterwards. So, I think this shouldn't affect the performance but I am
okay to change if you prefer.


I have bencharmed v9 and didn't see any regression.

-- 
Regards,
Nazir Bilal Yavuz
Microsoft
From 05da2c50de603bd4c2103e8a0c8a37af0599c1f9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
Date: Wed, 18 Feb 2026 14:55:39 -0600
Subject: [PATCH v9 1/2] Speedup COPY FROM with additional function inlining.

Following the example set by commit 58a359e585, we can squeeze out
a little more performance from COPY FROM (FORMAT {text,csv}) by
forcing CopyReadLineText() to be inlined and by passing the is_csv
parameter as a constant.  This allows the compiler to emit
specialized code with the known-const false comparisons and
subsequent branches removed.

Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Ayoub Kazar <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAOzEurSW8cNr6TPKsjrstnPfhf4QyQqB4tnPXGGe8N4e_v7Jig%40mail.gmail.com
---
 src/backend/commands/copyfromparse.c | 19 +++++++++++++++----
 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/commands/copyfromparse.c b/src/backend/commands/copyfromparse.c
index 94d6f415a06..0aa549837b5 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/copyfromparse.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/copyfromparse.c
@@ -141,7 +141,8 @@ static const char BinarySignature[11] = "PGCOPY\n\377\r\n\0";
 
 /* non-export function prototypes */
 static bool CopyReadLine(CopyFromState cstate, bool is_csv);
-static bool CopyReadLineText(CopyFromState cstate, bool is_csv);
+static pg_attribute_always_inline bool CopyReadLineText(CopyFromState cstate,
+														bool is_csv);
 static int	CopyReadAttributesText(CopyFromState cstate);
 static int	CopyReadAttributesCSV(CopyFromState cstate);
 static Datum CopyReadBinaryAttribute(CopyFromState cstate, FmgrInfo *flinfo,
@@ -1173,8 +1174,18 @@ CopyReadLine(CopyFromState cstate, bool is_csv)
 	resetStringInfo(&cstate->line_buf);
 	cstate->line_buf_valid = false;
 
-	/* Parse data and transfer into line_buf */
-	result = CopyReadLineText(cstate, is_csv);
+	/*
+	 * Parse data and transfer into line_buf.
+	 *
+	 * Because this is performance critical, we inline CopyReadLineText() and
+	 * pass the boolean parameters as constants to allow the compiler to emit
+	 * specialized code with the known-const false comparisons and subsequent
+	 * branches removed.
+	 */
+	if (is_csv)
+		result = CopyReadLineText(cstate, true);
+	else
+		result = CopyReadLineText(cstate, false);
 
 	if (result)
 	{
@@ -1241,7 +1252,7 @@ CopyReadLine(CopyFromState cstate, bool is_csv)
 /*
  * CopyReadLineText - inner loop of CopyReadLine for text mode
  */
-static bool
+static pg_attribute_always_inline bool
 CopyReadLineText(CopyFromState cstate, bool is_csv)
 {
 	char	   *copy_input_buf;
-- 
2.47.3

From 62d350341ab933d6c0bc3d6a72bc3d1aed36c205 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Date: Fri, 13 Feb 2026 13:28:55 +0300
Subject: [PATCH v9 2/2] Speed up COPY FROM text/CSV parsing using SIMD

This patch disables SIMD when SIMD encounters a special character which
is neither EOF nor EOL.

Author: Shinya Kato <[email protected]>
Author: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Kazar Ayoub <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Neil Conway <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Dunstan <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Manni Wood <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Mark Wong <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAOzEurSW8cNr6TPKsjrstnPfhf4QyQqB4tnPXGGe8N4e_v7Jig%40mail.gmail.com
---
 src/backend/commands/copyfrom.c          |   3 +
 src/backend/commands/copyfromparse.c     | 135 ++++++++++++++++++++++-
 src/include/commands/copyfrom_internal.h |   3 +
 3 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/commands/copyfrom.c b/src/backend/commands/copyfrom.c
index 2b7556b287c..3dd159f15b2 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/copyfrom.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/copyfrom.c
@@ -1717,6 +1717,9 @@ BeginCopyFrom(ParseState *pstate,
 	cstate->cur_attval = NULL;
 	cstate->relname_only = false;
 
+	/* Initialize SIMD */
+	cstate->simd_enabled = true;
+
 	/*
 	 * Allocate buffers for the input pipeline.
 	 *
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/copyfromparse.c b/src/backend/commands/copyfromparse.c
index 0aa549837b5..7ca261a6def 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/copyfromparse.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/copyfromparse.c
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "pgstat.h"
 #include "port/pg_bswap.h"
+#include "port/simd.h"
 #include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/rel.h"
 
@@ -142,7 +143,8 @@ static const char BinarySignature[11] = "PGCOPY\n\377\r\n\0";
 /* non-export function prototypes */
 static bool CopyReadLine(CopyFromState cstate, bool is_csv);
 static pg_attribute_always_inline bool CopyReadLineText(CopyFromState cstate,
-														bool is_csv);
+														bool is_csv,
+														bool simd_enabled);
 static int	CopyReadAttributesText(CopyFromState cstate);
 static int	CopyReadAttributesCSV(CopyFromState cstate);
 static Datum CopyReadBinaryAttribute(CopyFromState cstate, FmgrInfo *flinfo,
@@ -1183,9 +1185,19 @@ CopyReadLine(CopyFromState cstate, bool is_csv)
 	 * branches removed.
 	 */
 	if (is_csv)
-		result = CopyReadLineText(cstate, true);
+	{
+		if (cstate->simd_enabled)
+			result = CopyReadLineText(cstate, true, true);
+		else
+			result = CopyReadLineText(cstate, true, false);
+	}
 	else
-		result = CopyReadLineText(cstate, false);
+	{
+		if (cstate->simd_enabled)
+			result = CopyReadLineText(cstate, false, true);
+		else
+			result = CopyReadLineText(cstate, false, false);
+	}
 
 	if (result)
 	{
@@ -1253,7 +1265,7 @@ CopyReadLine(CopyFromState cstate, bool is_csv)
  * CopyReadLineText - inner loop of CopyReadLine for text mode
  */
 static pg_attribute_always_inline bool
-CopyReadLineText(CopyFromState cstate, bool is_csv)
+CopyReadLineText(CopyFromState cstate, bool is_csv, bool simd_enabled)
 {
 	char	   *copy_input_buf;
 	int			input_buf_ptr;
@@ -1268,6 +1280,14 @@ CopyReadLineText(CopyFromState cstate, bool is_csv)
 	char		quotec = '\0';
 	char		escapec = '\0';
 
+#ifndef USE_NO_SIMD
+	Vector8		nl = vector8_broadcast('\n');
+	Vector8		cr = vector8_broadcast('\r');
+	Vector8		bs = vector8_broadcast('\\');
+	Vector8		quote = vector8_broadcast(0);
+	Vector8		escape = vector8_broadcast(0);
+#endif
+
 	if (is_csv)
 	{
 		quotec = cstate->opts.quote[0];
@@ -1275,6 +1295,12 @@ CopyReadLineText(CopyFromState cstate, bool is_csv)
 		/* ignore special escape processing if it's the same as quotec */
 		if (quotec == escapec)
 			escapec = '\0';
+
+#ifndef USE_NO_SIMD
+		quote = vector8_broadcast(quotec);
+		if (quotec != escapec)
+			escape = vector8_broadcast(escapec);
+#endif
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -1341,6 +1367,107 @@ CopyReadLineText(CopyFromState cstate, bool is_csv)
 			need_data = false;
 		}
 
+#ifndef USE_NO_SIMD
+
+		/*
+		 * Use SIMD instructions to efficiently scan the input buffer for
+		 * special characters (e.g., newline, carriage return, quote, and
+		 * escape). This is faster than byte-by-byte iteration, especially on
+		 * large buffers.
+		 *
+		 * We do not apply the SIMD fast path in either of the following
+		 * cases: - When the previously processed character was an escape
+		 * character (last_was_esc), since the next byte must be examined
+		 * sequentially. - When the remaining buffer is smaller than one
+		 * vector width (sizeof(Vector8)), since SIMD operates on fixed-size
+		 * chunks.
+		 *
+		 * Note that, SIMD may become slower when the input contains many
+		 * special characters. To avoid this regression, we disable SIMD for
+		 * the rest of the input once we encounter a special character which
+		 * is neither EOF nor EOL.
+		 */
+		if (simd_enabled && !last_was_esc && copy_buf_len - input_buf_ptr > sizeof(Vector8))
+		{
+			Vector8		chunk;
+			Vector8		match = vector8_broadcast(0);
+
+			/* Load a chunk of data into a vector register */
+			vector8_load(&chunk, (const uint8 *) &copy_input_buf[input_buf_ptr]);
+
+			if (is_csv)
+			{
+				/* \n and \r are not special inside quotes */
+				if (!in_quote)
+					match = vector8_or(vector8_eq(chunk, nl), vector8_eq(chunk, cr));
+
+				match = vector8_or(match, vector8_eq(chunk, quote));
+				if (escapec != '\0')
+					match = vector8_or(match, vector8_eq(chunk, escape));
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				match = vector8_or(vector8_eq(chunk, nl), vector8_eq(chunk, cr));
+				match = vector8_or(match, vector8_eq(chunk, bs));
+			}
+
+			/* Check if we found any special characters */
+			if (vector8_is_highbit_set(match))
+			{
+				/*
+				 * Found a special character. Advance up to that point and let
+				 * the scalar code handle it.
+				 */
+				uint32		mask;
+				int			advance;
+				char		c1,
+							c2;
+				bool		simd_hit_eol,
+							simd_hit_eof;
+
+				mask = vector8_highbit_mask(match);
+				advance = pg_rightmost_one_pos32(mask);
+
+				input_buf_ptr += advance;
+				c1 = copy_input_buf[input_buf_ptr];
+
+				/*
+				 * Since we stopped within the chunk and ((copy_buf_len -
+				 * input_buf_ptr) > sizeof(Vector8)) is true,
+				 * copy_input_buf[input_buf_ptr + 1] is guaranteed to be
+				 * readable.
+				 */
+				c2 = copy_input_buf[input_buf_ptr + 1];
+
+				simd_hit_eof = (c1 == '\\' && c2 == '.' && !is_csv);
+				simd_hit_eol = (c1 == '\r' || c1 == '\n');
+
+				/*
+				 * If (is_csv && in_quote), we shouldn't have picked up '\r'
+				 * or '\n' in the first place.
+				 */
+				Assert(!simd_hit_eol || !(is_csv && in_quote));
+
+				/*
+				 * Do not disable SIMD when we hit EOL or EOF characters. In
+				 * practice, it does not matter for EOF because parsing ends
+				 * there, but we keep the behavior consistent.
+				 */
+				if (!(simd_hit_eof || simd_hit_eol))
+				{
+					simd_enabled = false;
+					cstate->simd_enabled = false;
+				}
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				/* No special characters found, so skip the entire chunk */
+				input_buf_ptr += sizeof(Vector8);
+				continue;
+			}
+		}
+#endif
+
 		/* OK to fetch a character */
 		prev_raw_ptr = input_buf_ptr;
 		c = copy_input_buf[input_buf_ptr++];
diff --git a/src/include/commands/copyfrom_internal.h b/src/include/commands/copyfrom_internal.h
index 822ef33cf69..73ce777c52b 100644
--- a/src/include/commands/copyfrom_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/commands/copyfrom_internal.h
@@ -89,6 +89,9 @@ typedef struct CopyFromStateData
 	const char *cur_attval;		/* current att value for error messages */
 	bool		relname_only;	/* don't output line number, att, etc. */
 
+	/* SIMD variables */
+	bool		simd_enabled;
+
 	/*
 	 * Working state
 	 */
-- 
2.47.3

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