On Sat, Apr 03, 2021 at 09:30:25PM +0900, Michael Paquier wrote:
> Slight rebase for this one to take care of the updates with the SSL
> error messages.

I have been looking again at that and applied it as c50624cd after
some slight modifications.  Attached is the main, refactored, patch
that plugs on top of the existing infrastructure.  connect_ok() and
connect_fails() gain two parameters each to match or to not match the
logs of the backend, with a truncation of the logs done before any
connection attempt.

I have spent more time reviewing the backend code while on it and
there was one thing that stood out:
+       ereport(FATAL,
+               (errmsg("connection was re-authenticated"),
+                errdetail_log("previous ID: \"%s\"; new ID: \"%s\"",
+                              port->authn_id, id)));
This message would not actually trigger because auth_failed() is the
code path in charge of showing an error here, so this could just be
replaced by an assertion on authn_id being NULL?  The contents of this
log were a bit in contradiction with the comments a couple of lines
above anyway.  Jacob, what do you think?
--
Michael
From d8df487fb85ddd1a6ea2f9d7d5f30b72462117ea Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Michael Paquier <mich...@paquier.xyz>
Date: Mon, 5 Apr 2021 14:46:21 +0900
Subject: [PATCH v20] Log authenticated identity from all auth backends

The "authenticated identity" is the string used by an auth method to
identify a particular user. In many common cases this is the same as the
Postgres username, but for some third-party auth methods, the identifier
in use may be shortened or otherwise translated (e.g. through pg_ident
mappings) before the server stores it.

To help DBAs see who has actually interacted with the system, store the
original identity when authentication succeeds, and expose it via the
log_connections setting. The log entries look something like this
example (where a local user named "pchampion" is connecting to the
database as the "admin" user):

    LOG:  connection received: host=[local]
    LOG:  connection authenticated: identity="pchampion" method=peer (/data/pg_hba.conf:88)
    LOG:  connection authorized: user=admin database=postgres application_name=psql

port->authn_id is set according to the auth method:

    bsd: the Postgres username (which is the local username)
    cert: the client's Subject DN
    gss: the user principal
    ident: the remote username
    ldap: the final bind DN
    pam: the Postgres username (which is the PAM username)
    password (and all pw-challenge methods): the Postgres username
    peer: the peer's pw_name
    radius: the Postgres username (which is the RADIUS username)
    sspi: either the down-level (SAM-compatible) logon name, if
          compat_realm=1, or the User Principal Name if compat_realm=0

The trust auth method does not set an authenticated identity. Neither
does using clientcert=verify-full (use the cert auth method instead).

PostgresNode::connect_ok/fails() have been modified to let tests check
the logfiles for required or prohibited patterns, using the respective
log_like and log_unlike parameters.
---
 src/include/libpq/hba.h                   |   1 +
 src/include/libpq/libpq-be.h              |  13 +++
 src/backend/libpq/auth.c                  | 122 ++++++++++++++++++++--
 src/backend/libpq/hba.c                   |  24 +++++
 src/test/authentication/t/001_password.pl |  59 +++++++----
 src/test/kerberos/t/001_auth.pl           |  73 +++++++++----
 src/test/ldap/t/001_auth.pl               |  29 +++--
 src/test/perl/PostgresNode.pm             |  72 +++++++++++++
 src/test/ssl/t/001_ssltests.pl            |  36 +++++--
 src/test/ssl/t/002_scram.pl               |  10 +-
 doc/src/sgml/config.sgml                  |   3 +-
 11 files changed, 374 insertions(+), 68 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/include/libpq/hba.h b/src/include/libpq/hba.h
index 1ec8603da7..63f2962139 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/hba.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/hba.h
@@ -137,6 +137,7 @@ typedef struct Port hbaPort;
 
 extern bool load_hba(void);
 extern bool load_ident(void);
+extern const char *hba_authname(hbaPort *port);
 extern void hba_getauthmethod(hbaPort *port);
 extern int	check_usermap(const char *usermap_name,
 						  const char *pg_role, const char *auth_user,
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/libpq-be.h b/src/include/libpq/libpq-be.h
index 713c34fedd..02015efe13 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/libpq-be.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/libpq-be.h
@@ -159,6 +159,19 @@ typedef struct Port
 	 */
 	HbaLine    *hba;
 
+	/*
+	 * Authenticated identity.  The meaning of this identifier is dependent on
+	 * hba->auth_method; it is the identity (if any) that the user presented
+	 * during the authentication cycle, before they were assigned a database
+	 * role.  (It is effectively the "SYSTEM-USERNAME" of a pg_ident usermap
+	 * -- though the exact string in use may be different, depending on pg_hba
+	 * options.)
+	 *
+	 * authn_id is NULL if the user has not actually been authenticated, for
+	 * example if the "trust" auth method is in use.
+	 */
+	const char *authn_id;
+
 	/*
 	 * TCP keepalive and user timeout settings.
 	 *
diff --git a/src/backend/libpq/auth.c b/src/backend/libpq/auth.c
index 9dc28e19aa..94f37e6d87 100644
--- a/src/backend/libpq/auth.c
+++ b/src/backend/libpq/auth.c
@@ -34,8 +34,10 @@
 #include "libpq/scram.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "port/pg_bswap.h"
+#include "postmaster/postmaster.h"
 #include "replication/walsender.h"
 #include "storage/ipc.h"
+#include "utils/guc.h"
 #include "utils/memutils.h"
 #include "utils/timestamp.h"
 
@@ -47,6 +49,7 @@ static void sendAuthRequest(Port *port, AuthRequest areq, const char *extradata,
 							int extralen);
 static void auth_failed(Port *port, int status, char *logdetail);
 static char *recv_password_packet(Port *port);
+static void set_authn_id(Port *port, const char *id);
 
 
 /*----------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -337,6 +340,37 @@ auth_failed(Port *port, int status, char *logdetail)
 }
 
 
+/*
+ * Sets the authenticated identity for the current user.  The provided string
+ * will be copied into the TopMemoryContext.  The ID will be logged if
+ * log_connections is enabled.
+ *
+ * Auth methods should call this routine exactly once, as soon as the user is
+ * successfully authenticated, even if they have reasons to know that
+ * authorization will fail later.
+ *
+ * The provided string will be copied into TopMemoryContext, to match the
+ * lifetime of the Port, so it is safe to pass a string that is managed by an
+ * external library.
+ */
+static void
+set_authn_id(Port *port, const char *id)
+{
+	Assert(id && port->authn_id == NULL);
+
+	port->authn_id = MemoryContextStrdup(TopMemoryContext, id);
+
+	if (Log_connections)
+	{
+		ereport(LOG,
+				errmsg("connection authenticated: identity=\"%s\" method=%s "
+					   "(%s:%d)",
+					   port->authn_id, hba_authname(port), HbaFileName,
+					   port->hba->linenumber));
+	}
+}
+
+
 /*
  * Client authentication starts here.  If there is an error, this
  * function does not return and the backend process is terminated.
@@ -757,6 +791,9 @@ CheckPasswordAuth(Port *port, char **logdetail)
 		pfree(shadow_pass);
 	pfree(passwd);
 
+	if (result == STATUS_OK)
+		set_authn_id(port, port->user_name);
+
 	return result;
 }
 
@@ -816,6 +853,10 @@ CheckPWChallengeAuth(Port *port, char **logdetail)
 		Assert(auth_result != STATUS_OK);
 		return STATUS_ERROR;
 	}
+
+	if (auth_result == STATUS_OK)
+		set_authn_id(port, port->user_name);
+
 	return auth_result;
 }
 
@@ -1174,8 +1215,13 @@ pg_GSS_checkauth(Port *port)
 	/*
 	 * Copy the original name of the authenticated principal into our backend
 	 * memory for display later.
+	 *
+	 * This is also our authenticated identity.  Set it now, rather than
+	 * waiting for the usermap check below, because authentication has already
+	 * succeeded and we want the log file to reflect that.
 	 */
 	port->gss->princ = MemoryContextStrdup(TopMemoryContext, gbuf.value);
+	set_authn_id(port, gbuf.value);
 
 	/*
 	 * Split the username at the realm separator
@@ -1285,6 +1331,7 @@ pg_SSPI_recvauth(Port *port)
 	DWORD		domainnamesize = sizeof(domainname);
 	SID_NAME_USE accountnameuse;
 	HMODULE		secur32;
+	char	   *authn_id;
 
 	QUERY_SECURITY_CONTEXT_TOKEN_FN _QuerySecurityContextToken;
 
@@ -1514,6 +1561,26 @@ pg_SSPI_recvauth(Port *port)
 			return status;
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * We have all of the information necessary to construct the authenticated
+	 * identity.  Set it now, rather than waiting for check_usermap below,
+	 * because authentication has already succeeded and we want the log file
+	 * to reflect that.
+	 */
+	if (port->hba->compat_realm)
+	{
+		/* SAM-compatible format. */
+		authn_id = psprintf("%s\\%s", domainname, accountname);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		/* Kerberos principal format. */
+		authn_id = psprintf("%s@%s", accountname, domainname);
+	}
+
+	set_authn_id(port, authn_id);
+	pfree(authn_id);
+
 	/*
 	 * Compare realm/domain if requested. In SSPI, always compare case
 	 * insensitive.
@@ -1901,8 +1968,15 @@ ident_inet_done:
 		pg_freeaddrinfo_all(local_addr.addr.ss_family, la);
 
 	if (ident_return)
-		/* Success! Check the usermap */
+	{
+		/*
+		 * Success!  Store the identity, then check the usermap. Note that
+		 * setting the authenticated identity is done before checking the
+		 * usermap, because at this point authentication has succeeded.
+		 */
+		set_authn_id(port, ident_user);
 		return check_usermap(port->hba->usermap, port->user_name, ident_user, false);
+	}
 	return STATUS_ERROR;
 }
 
@@ -1926,7 +2000,6 @@ auth_peer(hbaPort *port)
 	gid_t		gid;
 #ifndef WIN32
 	struct passwd *pw;
-	char	   *peer_user;
 	int			ret;
 #endif
 
@@ -1958,12 +2031,14 @@ auth_peer(hbaPort *port)
 		return STATUS_ERROR;
 	}
 
-	/* Make a copy of static getpw*() result area. */
-	peer_user = pstrdup(pw->pw_name);
+	/*
+	 * Make a copy of static getpw*() result area; this is our authenticated
+	 * identity.  Set it before calling check_usermap, because authentication
+	 * has already succeeded and we want the log file to reflect that.
+	 */
+	set_authn_id(port, pw->pw_name);
 
-	ret = check_usermap(port->hba->usermap, port->user_name, peer_user, false);
-
-	pfree(peer_user);
+	ret = check_usermap(port->hba->usermap, port->user_name, port->authn_id, false);
 
 	return ret;
 #else
@@ -2220,6 +2295,9 @@ CheckPAMAuth(Port *port, const char *user, const char *password)
 
 	pam_passwd = NULL;			/* Unset pam_passwd */
 
+	if (retval == PAM_SUCCESS)
+		set_authn_id(port, user);
+
 	return (retval == PAM_SUCCESS ? STATUS_OK : STATUS_ERROR);
 }
 #endif							/* USE_PAM */
@@ -2255,6 +2333,7 @@ CheckBSDAuth(Port *port, char *user)
 	if (!retval)
 		return STATUS_ERROR;
 
+	set_authn_id(port, user);
 	return STATUS_OK;
 }
 #endif							/* USE_BSD_AUTH */
@@ -2761,6 +2840,9 @@ CheckLDAPAuth(Port *port)
 		return STATUS_ERROR;
 	}
 
+	/* Save the original bind DN as the authenticated identity. */
+	set_authn_id(port, fulluser);
+
 	ldap_unbind(ldap);
 	pfree(passwd);
 	pfree(fulluser);
@@ -2824,6 +2906,30 @@ CheckCertAuth(Port *port)
 		return STATUS_ERROR;
 	}
 
+	if (port->hba->auth_method == uaCert)
+	{
+		/*
+		 * For cert auth, the client's Subject DN is always our authenticated
+		 * identity, even if we're only using its CN for authorization.  Set
+		 * it now, rather than waiting for check_usermap() below, because
+		 * authentication has already succeeded and we want the log file to
+		 * reflect that.
+		 */
+		if (!port->peer_dn)
+		{
+			/*
+			 * This should not happen as both peer_dn and peer_cn should be
+			 * set in this context.
+			 */
+			ereport(LOG,
+					(errmsg("certificate authentication failed for user \"%s\": unable to retrieve subject DN",
+							port->user_name)));
+			return STATUS_ERROR;
+		}
+
+		set_authn_id(port, port->peer_dn);
+	}
+
 	/* Just pass the certificate cn/dn to the usermap check */
 	status_check_usermap = check_usermap(port->hba->usermap, port->user_name, peer_username, false);
 	if (status_check_usermap != STATUS_OK)
@@ -2995,6 +3101,8 @@ CheckRADIUSAuth(Port *port)
 		 */
 		if (ret == STATUS_OK)
 		{
+			set_authn_id(port, port->user_name);
+
 			pfree(passwd);
 			return STATUS_OK;
 		}
diff --git a/src/backend/libpq/hba.c b/src/backend/libpq/hba.c
index feb711a6ef..b720b03e9a 100644
--- a/src/backend/libpq/hba.c
+++ b/src/backend/libpq/hba.c
@@ -3141,3 +3141,27 @@ hba_getauthmethod(hbaPort *port)
 {
 	check_hba(port);
 }
+
+
+/*
+ * Return the name of the auth method in use ("gss", "md5", "trust", etc.).
+ *
+ * The return value is statically allocated (see the UserAuthName array) and
+ * should not be freed.
+ */
+const char *
+hba_authname(hbaPort *port)
+{
+	UserAuth	auth_method;
+
+	Assert(port->hba);
+	auth_method = port->hba->auth_method;
+
+	if (auth_method < 0 || USER_AUTH_LAST < auth_method)
+	{
+		/* Should never happen. */
+		elog(FATAL, "port has out-of-bounds UserAuth: %d", auth_method);
+	}
+
+	return UserAuthName[auth_method];
+}
diff --git a/src/test/authentication/t/001_password.pl b/src/test/authentication/t/001_password.pl
index 65303ca3f5..150b226c0e 100644
--- a/src/test/authentication/t/001_password.pl
+++ b/src/test/authentication/t/001_password.pl
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ if (!$use_unix_sockets)
 }
 else
 {
-	plan tests => 13;
+	plan tests => 23;
 }
 
 
@@ -35,15 +35,12 @@ sub reset_pg_hba
 	return;
 }
 
-# Test access for a single role, useful to wrap all tests into one.
+# Test access for a single role, useful to wrap all tests into one.  Extra
+# named parameters are passed to connect_ok/fails as-is.
 sub test_role
 {
-	my $node          = shift;
-	my $role          = shift;
-	my $method        = shift;
-	my $expected_res  = shift;
+	my ($node, $role, $method, $expected_res, %params) = @_;
 	my $status_string = 'failed';
-
 	$status_string = 'success' if ($expected_res eq 0);
 
 	my $connstr = "user=$role";
@@ -52,18 +49,19 @@ sub test_role
 
 	if ($expected_res eq 0)
 	{
-		$node->connect_ok($connstr, $testname);
+		$node->connect_ok($connstr, $testname, %params);
 	}
 	else
 	{
 		# No checks of the error message, only the status code.
-		$node->connect_fails($connstr, $testname);
+		$node->connect_fails($connstr, $testname, %params);
 	}
 }
 
 # Initialize primary node
 my $node = get_new_node('primary');
 $node->init;
+$node->append_conf('postgresql.conf', "log_connections = on\n");
 $node->start;
 
 # Create 3 roles with different password methods for each one. The same
@@ -76,26 +74,51 @@ $node->safe_psql('postgres',
 );
 $ENV{"PGPASSWORD"} = 'pass';
 
-# For "trust" method, all users should be able to connect.
+# For "trust" method, all users should be able to connect. These users are not
+# considered to be authenticated.
 reset_pg_hba($node, 'trust');
-test_role($node, 'scram_role', 'trust', 0);
-test_role($node, 'md5_role',   'trust', 0);
+test_role($node, 'scram_role', 'trust', 0,
+	log_unlike => [qr/connection authenticated:/]);
+test_role($node, 'md5_role', 'trust', 0,
+	log_unlike => [qr/connection authenticated:/]);
 
 # For plain "password" method, all users should also be able to connect.
 reset_pg_hba($node, 'password');
-test_role($node, 'scram_role', 'password', 0);
-test_role($node, 'md5_role',   'password', 0);
+test_role($node, 'scram_role', 'password', 0,
+	log_like =>
+	  [qr/connection authenticated: identity="scram_role" method=password/]);
+test_role($node, 'md5_role', 'password', 0,
+	log_like =>
+	  [qr/connection authenticated: identity="md5_role" method=password/]);
 
 # For "scram-sha-256" method, user "scram_role" should be able to connect.
 reset_pg_hba($node, 'scram-sha-256');
-test_role($node, 'scram_role', 'scram-sha-256', 0);
-test_role($node, 'md5_role',   'scram-sha-256', 2);
+test_role(
+	$node,
+	'scram_role',
+	'scram-sha-256',
+	0,
+	log_like => [
+		qr/connection authenticated: identity="scram_role" method=scram-sha-256/
+	]);
+test_role($node, 'md5_role', 'scram-sha-256', 2,
+	log_unlike => [qr/connection authenticated:/]);
+
+# Test that bad passwords are rejected.
+$ENV{"PGPASSWORD"} = 'badpass';
+test_role($node, 'scram_role', 'scram-sha-256', 2,
+	log_unlike => [qr/connection authenticated:/]);
+$ENV{"PGPASSWORD"} = 'pass';
 
 # For "md5" method, all users should be able to connect (SCRAM
 # authentication will be performed for the user with a SCRAM secret.)
 reset_pg_hba($node, 'md5');
-test_role($node, 'scram_role', 'md5', 0);
-test_role($node, 'md5_role',   'md5', 0);
+test_role($node, 'scram_role', 'md5', 0,
+	log_like =>
+	  [qr/connection authenticated: identity="scram_role" method=md5/]);
+test_role($node, 'md5_role', 'md5', 0,
+	log_like =>
+	  [qr/connection authenticated: identity="md5_role" method=md5/]);
 
 # Tests for channel binding without SSL.
 # Using the password authentication method; channel binding can't work
diff --git a/src/test/kerberos/t/001_auth.pl b/src/test/kerberos/t/001_auth.pl
index de52a66785..fd78815366 100644
--- a/src/test/kerberos/t/001_auth.pl
+++ b/src/test/kerberos/t/001_auth.pl
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ use Time::HiRes qw(usleep);
 
 if ($ENV{with_gssapi} eq 'yes')
 {
-	plan tests => 30;
+	plan tests => 42;
 }
 else
 {
@@ -183,39 +183,36 @@ note "running tests";
 sub test_access
 {
 	my ($node, $role, $query, $expected_res, $gssencmode, $test_name,
-		$expect_log_msg)
+		@expect_log_msgs)
 	  = @_;
 
 	# need to connect over TCP/IP for Kerberos
 	my $connstr = $node->connstr('postgres')
 	  . " user=$role host=$host hostaddr=$hostaddr $gssencmode";
 
+	my @log_like = undef;
+
+	if (@expect_log_msgs)
+	{
+		# Match every message literally.
+		my @regexes = map { qr/\Q$_\E/ } @expect_log_msgs;
+
+		@log_like = \@regexes;
+	}
+
 	if ($expected_res eq 0)
 	{
 		# The result is assumed to match "true", or "t", here.
 		$node->connect_ok(
 			$connstr, $test_name,
 			sql             => $query,
-			expected_stdout => qr/t/);
+			expected_stdout => qr/t/,
+			log_like        => @log_like);
 	}
 	else
 	{
-		$node->connect_fails($connstr, $test_name);
+		$node->connect_fails($connstr, $test_name, log_like => @log_like);
 	}
-
-	# Verify specified log message is logged in the log file.
-	if ($expect_log_msg ne '')
-	{
-		my $first_logfile = slurp_file($node->logfile);
-
-		like($first_logfile, qr/\Q$expect_log_msg\E/,
-			 'found expected log file content');
-	}
-
-	# Clean up any existing contents in the node's log file so as
-	# future tests don't step on each other's generated contents.
-	truncate $node->logfile, 0;
-	return;
 }
 
 # As above, but test for an arbitrary query result.
@@ -238,11 +235,19 @@ $node->append_conf('pg_hba.conf',
 	qq{host all all $hostaddr/32 gss map=mymap});
 $node->restart;
 
-test_access($node, 'test1', 'SELECT true', 2, '', 'fails without ticket', '');
+test_access($node, 'test1', 'SELECT true', 2, '', 'fails without ticket');
 
 run_log [ $kinit, 'test1' ], \$test1_password or BAIL_OUT($?);
 
-test_access($node, 'test1', 'SELECT true', 2, '', 'fails without mapping', '');
+test_access(
+	$node,
+	'test1',
+	'SELECT true',
+	2,
+	'',
+	'fails without mapping',
+	"connection authenticated: identity=\"test1\@$realm\" method=gss",
+	"no match in usermap \"mymap\" for user \"test1\"");
 
 $node->append_conf('pg_ident.conf', qq{mymap  /^(.*)\@$realm\$  \\1});
 $node->restart;
@@ -254,6 +259,7 @@ test_access(
 	0,
 	'',
 	'succeeds with mapping with default gssencmode and host hba',
+	"connection authenticated: identity=\"test1\@$realm\" method=gss",
 	"connection authorized: user=$username database=$dbname application_name=$application GSS (authenticated=yes, encrypted=yes, principal=test1\@$realm)"
 );
 
@@ -264,6 +270,7 @@ test_access(
 	0,
 	'gssencmode=prefer',
 	'succeeds with GSS-encrypted access preferred with host hba',
+	"connection authenticated: identity=\"test1\@$realm\" method=gss",
 	"connection authorized: user=$username database=$dbname application_name=$application GSS (authenticated=yes, encrypted=yes, principal=test1\@$realm)"
 );
 test_access(
@@ -273,6 +280,7 @@ test_access(
 	0,
 	'gssencmode=require',
 	'succeeds with GSS-encrypted access required with host hba',
+	"connection authenticated: identity=\"test1\@$realm\" method=gss",
 	"connection authorized: user=$username database=$dbname application_name=$application GSS (authenticated=yes, encrypted=yes, principal=test1\@$realm)"
 );
 
@@ -309,6 +317,7 @@ test_access(
 	0,
 	'gssencmode=prefer',
 	'succeeds with GSS-encrypted access preferred and hostgssenc hba',
+	"connection authenticated: identity=\"test1\@$realm\" method=gss",
 	"connection authorized: user=$username database=$dbname application_name=$application GSS (authenticated=yes, encrypted=yes, principal=test1\@$realm)"
 );
 test_access(
@@ -318,10 +327,11 @@ test_access(
 	0,
 	'gssencmode=require',
 	'succeeds with GSS-encrypted access required and hostgssenc hba',
+	"connection authenticated: identity=\"test1\@$realm\" method=gss",
 	"connection authorized: user=$username database=$dbname application_name=$application GSS (authenticated=yes, encrypted=yes, principal=test1\@$realm)"
 );
 test_access($node, 'test1', 'SELECT true', 2, 'gssencmode=disable',
-	'fails with GSS encryption disabled and hostgssenc hba', '');
+	'fails with GSS encryption disabled and hostgssenc hba');
 
 unlink($node->data_dir . '/pg_hba.conf');
 $node->append_conf('pg_hba.conf',
@@ -335,10 +345,11 @@ test_access(
 	0,
 	'gssencmode=prefer',
 	'succeeds with GSS-encrypted access preferred and hostnogssenc hba, but no encryption',
+	"connection authenticated: identity=\"test1\@$realm\" method=gss",
 	"connection authorized: user=$username database=$dbname application_name=$application GSS (authenticated=yes, encrypted=no, principal=test1\@$realm)"
 );
 test_access($node, 'test1', 'SELECT true', 2, 'gssencmode=require',
-	'fails with GSS-encrypted access required and hostnogssenc hba', '');
+	'fails with GSS-encrypted access required and hostnogssenc hba');
 test_access(
 	$node,
 	'test1',
@@ -346,6 +357,7 @@ test_access(
 	0,
 	'gssencmode=disable',
 	'succeeds with GSS encryption disabled and hostnogssenc hba',
+	"connection authenticated: identity=\"test1\@$realm\" method=gss",
 	"connection authorized: user=$username database=$dbname application_name=$application GSS (authenticated=yes, encrypted=no, principal=test1\@$realm)"
 );
 
@@ -362,5 +374,22 @@ test_access(
 	0,
 	'',
 	'succeeds with include_realm=0 and defaults',
+	"connection authenticated: identity=\"test1\@$realm\" method=gss",
 	"connection authorized: user=$username database=$dbname application_name=$application GSS (authenticated=yes, encrypted=yes, principal=test1\@$realm)"
 );
+
+# Reset pg_hba.conf, and cause a usermap failure with an authentication
+# that has passed.
+unlink($node->data_dir . '/pg_hba.conf');
+$node->append_conf('pg_hba.conf',
+	qq{host all all $hostaddr/32 gss include_realm=0 krb_realm=EXAMPLE.ORG});
+$node->restart;
+
+test_access(
+	$node,
+	'test1',
+	'SELECT true',
+	2,
+	'',
+	'fails with wrong krb_realm, but still authenticates',
+	"connection authenticated: identity=\"test1\@$realm\" method=gss");
diff --git a/src/test/ldap/t/001_auth.pl b/src/test/ldap/t/001_auth.pl
index ad54854a42..7842dcba0c 100644
--- a/src/test/ldap/t/001_auth.pl
+++ b/src/test/ldap/t/001_auth.pl
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use Test::More;
 
 if ($ENV{with_ldap} eq 'yes')
 {
-	plan tests => 22;
+	plan tests => 25;
 }
 else
 {
@@ -152,6 +152,7 @@ note "setting up PostgreSQL instance";
 
 my $node = get_new_node('node');
 $node->init;
+$node->append_conf('postgresql.conf', "log_connections = on\n");
 $node->start;
 
 $node->safe_psql('postgres', 'CREATE USER test0;');
@@ -162,17 +163,17 @@ note "running tests";
 
 sub test_access
 {
-	my ($node, $role, $expected_res, $test_name) = @_;
+	my ($node, $role, $expected_res, $test_name, %params) = @_;
 	my $connstr = "user=$role";
 
 	if ($expected_res eq 0)
 	{
-		$node->connect_ok($connstr, $test_name);
+		$node->connect_ok($connstr, $test_name, %params);
 	}
 	else
 	{
 		# No checks of the error message, only the status code.
-		$node->connect_fails($connstr, $test_name);
+		$node->connect_fails($connstr, $test_name, %params);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -185,12 +186,22 @@ $node->append_conf('pg_hba.conf',
 $node->restart;
 
 $ENV{"PGPASSWORD"} = 'wrong';
-test_access($node, 'test0', 2,
-	'simple bind authentication fails if user not found in LDAP');
-test_access($node, 'test1', 2,
-	'simple bind authentication fails with wrong password');
+test_access(
+	$node, 'test0', 2,
+	'simple bind authentication fails if user not found in LDAP',
+	log_unlike => [qr/connection authenticated:/]);
+test_access(
+	$node, 'test1', 2,
+	'simple bind authentication fails with wrong password',
+	log_unlike => [qr/connection authenticated:/]);
+
 $ENV{"PGPASSWORD"} = 'secret1';
-test_access($node, 'test1', 0, 'simple bind authentication succeeds');
+test_access(
+	$node, 'test1', 0,
+	'simple bind authentication succeeds',
+	log_like => [
+		qr/connection authenticated: identity="uid=test1,dc=example,dc=net" method=ldap/
+	],);
 
 note "search+bind";
 
diff --git a/src/test/perl/PostgresNode.pm b/src/test/perl/PostgresNode.pm
index bbde34c929..d27d0a5295 100644
--- a/src/test/perl/PostgresNode.pm
+++ b/src/test/perl/PostgresNode.pm
@@ -1876,6 +1876,17 @@ instead of the default.
 
 If this regular expression is set, matches it with the output generated.
 
+=item log_like => [ qr/required message/ ]
+
+If given, it must be an array reference containing a list of regular
+expressions to match against the server log, using C<Test::More::like()>.
+
+=item log_unlike => [ qr/prohibited message/ ]
+
+If given, it must be an array reference containing a list of regular
+expressions that must NOT match against the server log. They will be passed
+to C<Test::More::unlike()>.
+
 =back
 
 =cut
@@ -1895,6 +1906,10 @@ sub connect_ok
 		$sql = "SELECT \$\$connected with $connstr\$\$";
 	}
 
+	# Truncate the logs of the server before doing any optional
+	# matching with the backend logs.
+	truncate $self->logfile, 0;
+
 	# Never prompt for a password, any callers of this routine should
 	# have set up things properly, and this should not block.
 	my ($ret, $stdout, $stderr) = $self->psql(
@@ -1910,6 +1925,27 @@ sub connect_ok
 	{
 		like($stdout, $params{expected_stdout}, "$test_name: matches");
 	}
+
+	if (defined($params{log_like}))
+	{
+		my $log_contents = TestLib::slurp_file($self->logfile);
+
+		while (my $regex = shift @{ $params{log_like} })
+		{
+			like($log_contents, $regex, "$test_name: log matches");
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	if (defined($params{log_unlike}))
+	{
+		my $log_contents = TestLib::slurp_file($self->logfile);
+
+		while (my $regex = shift @{ $params{log_unlike} })
+		{
+			unlike($log_contents, $regex, "$test_name: log does not match");
+		}
+	}
 }
 
 =pod
@@ -1925,6 +1961,17 @@ to fail.
 
 If this regular expression is set, matches it with the output generated.
 
+=item log_like => [ qr/required message/ ]
+
+If given, it must be an array reference containing a list of regular
+expressions to match against the server log, using C<Test::More::like()>.
+
+=item log_unlike => [ qr/prohibited message/ ]
+
+If given, it must be an array reference containing a list of regular
+expressions that must NOT match against the server log. They will be passed
+to C<Test::More::unlike()>.
+
 =back
 
 =cut
@@ -1934,6 +1981,10 @@ sub connect_fails
 	local $Test::Builder::Level = $Test::Builder::Level + 1;
 	my ($self, $connstr, $test_name, %params) = @_;
 
+	# Truncate the logs of the server before doing any optional
+	# matching with the backend logs.
+	truncate $self->logfile, 0;
+
 	# Never prompt for a password, any callers of this routine should
 	# have set up things properly, and this should not block.
 	my ($ret, $stdout, $stderr) = $self->psql(
@@ -1948,6 +1999,27 @@ sub connect_fails
 	{
 		like($stderr, $params{expected_stderr}, "$test_name: matches");
 	}
+
+	if (defined($params{log_like}))
+	{
+		my $log_contents = TestLib::slurp_file($self->logfile);
+
+		while (my $regex = shift @{ $params{log_like} })
+		{
+			like($log_contents, $regex, "$test_name: log matches");
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (defined($params{log_unlike}))
+	{
+		my $log_contents = TestLib::slurp_file($self->logfile);
+
+		while (my $regex = shift @{ $params{log_unlike} })
+		{
+			unlike($log_contents, $regex, "$test_name: log does not match");
+		}
+
+	}
 }
 
 =pod
diff --git a/src/test/ssl/t/001_ssltests.pl b/src/test/ssl/t/001_ssltests.pl
index 21865ac30f..85b79180d5 100644
--- a/src/test/ssl/t/001_ssltests.pl
+++ b/src/test/ssl/t/001_ssltests.pl
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ if ($ENV{with_ssl} ne 'openssl')
 }
 else
 {
-	plan tests => 103;
+	plan tests => 110;
 }
 
 #### Some configuration
@@ -431,7 +431,10 @@ my $dn_connstr = "$common_connstr dbname=certdb_dn";
 
 $node->connect_ok(
 	"$dn_connstr user=ssltestuser sslcert=ssl/client-dn.crt sslkey=ssl/client-dn_tmp.key",
-	"certificate authorization succeeds with DN mapping");
+	"certificate authorization succeeds with DN mapping",
+	log_like => [
+		qr/connection authenticated: identity="CN=ssltestuser-dn,OU=Testing,OU=Engineering,O=PGDG" method=cert/
+	]);
 
 # same thing but with a regex
 $dn_connstr = "$common_connstr dbname=certdb_dn_re";
@@ -445,7 +448,11 @@ $dn_connstr = "$common_connstr dbname=certdb_cn";
 
 $node->connect_ok(
 	"$dn_connstr user=ssltestuser sslcert=ssl/client-dn.crt sslkey=ssl/client-dn_tmp.key",
-	"certificate authorization succeeds with CN mapping");
+	"certificate authorization succeeds with CN mapping",
+	# the full DN should still be used as the authenticated identity
+	log_like => [
+		qr/connection authenticated: identity="CN=ssltestuser-dn,OU=Testing,OU=Engineering,O=PGDG" method=cert/
+	]);
 
 
 
@@ -511,13 +518,18 @@ $node->connect_fails(
 	"$common_connstr user=anotheruser sslcert=ssl/client.crt sslkey=ssl/client_tmp.key",
 	"certificate authorization fails with client cert belonging to another user",
 	expected_stderr =>
-	  qr/certificate authentication failed for user "anotheruser"/);
+	  qr/certificate authentication failed for user "anotheruser"/,
+	# Certificate authentication should be logged even on failure.
+	log_like =>
+	  [qr/connection authenticated: identity="CN=ssltestuser" method=cert/]);
 
 # revoked client cert
 $node->connect_fails(
 	"$common_connstr user=ssltestuser sslcert=ssl/client-revoked.crt sslkey=ssl/client-revoked_tmp.key",
 	"certificate authorization fails with revoked client cert",
-	expected_stderr => qr/SSL error: sslv3 alert certificate revoked/);
+	expected_stderr => qr/SSL error: sslv3 alert certificate revoked/,
+	# Revoked certificates should not authenticate the user.
+	log_unlike => [qr/connection authenticated:/]);
 
 # Check that connecting with auth-option verify-full in pg_hba:
 # works, iff username matches Common Name
@@ -527,21 +539,25 @@ $common_connstr =
 
 $node->connect_ok(
 	"$common_connstr user=ssltestuser sslcert=ssl/client.crt sslkey=ssl/client_tmp.key",
-	"auth_option clientcert=verify-full succeeds with matching username and Common Name"
-);
+	"auth_option clientcert=verify-full succeeds with matching username and Common Name",
+	# verify-full does not provide authentication
+	log_unlike => [qr/connection authenticated:/],);
 
 $node->connect_fails(
 	"$common_connstr user=anotheruser sslcert=ssl/client.crt sslkey=ssl/client_tmp.key",
 	"auth_option clientcert=verify-full fails with mismatching username and Common Name",
 	expected_stderr =>
-	  qr/FATAL: .* "trust" authentication failed for user "anotheruser"/,);
+	  qr/FATAL: .* "trust" authentication failed for user "anotheruser"/,
+	# verify-full does not provide authentication
+	log_unlike => [qr/connection authenticated:/],);
 
 # Check that connecting with auth-optionverify-ca in pg_hba :
 # works, when username doesn't match Common Name
 $node->connect_ok(
 	"$common_connstr user=yetanotheruser sslcert=ssl/client.crt sslkey=ssl/client_tmp.key",
-	"auth_option clientcert=verify-ca succeeds with mismatching username and Common Name"
-);
+	"auth_option clientcert=verify-ca succeeds with mismatching username and Common Name",
+	# verify-full does not provide authentication
+	log_unlike => [qr/connection authenticated:/]);
 
 # intermediate client_ca.crt is provided by client, and isn't in server's ssl_ca_file
 switch_server_cert($node, 'server-cn-only', 'root_ca');
diff --git a/src/test/ssl/t/002_scram.pl b/src/test/ssl/t/002_scram.pl
index 583b62b3a1..3cb22ffced 100644
--- a/src/test/ssl/t/002_scram.pl
+++ b/src/test/ssl/t/002_scram.pl
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ my $SERVERHOSTCIDR = '127.0.0.1/32';
 my $supports_tls_server_end_point =
   check_pg_config("#define HAVE_X509_GET_SIGNATURE_NID 1");
 
-my $number_of_tests = $supports_tls_server_end_point ? 9 : 10;
+my $number_of_tests = $supports_tls_server_end_point ? 11 : 12;
 
 # Allocation of base connection string shared among multiple tests.
 my $common_connstr;
@@ -102,6 +102,14 @@ $node->connect_fails(
 	  qr/channel binding required, but server authenticated client without channel binding/
 );
 
+# Certificate verification at the connection level should still work fine.
+$node->connect_ok(
+	"sslcert=ssl/client.crt sslkey=$client_tmp_key sslrootcert=invalid hostaddr=$SERVERHOSTADDR dbname=verifydb user=ssltestuser channel_binding=require",
+	"SCRAM with clientcert=verify-full and channel_binding=require",
+	log_like => [
+		qr/connection authenticated: identity="ssltestuser" method=scram-sha-256/
+	]);
+
 # clean up
 unlink($client_tmp_key);
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml
index 0c9128a55d..d47b5eaf1d 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml
@@ -6751,7 +6751,8 @@ local0.*    /var/log/postgresql
       <listitem>
        <para>
         Causes each attempted connection to the server to be logged,
-        as well as successful completion of client authentication.
+        as well as successful completion of both client authentication (if
+        necessary) and authorization.
         Only superusers can change this parameter at session start,
         and it cannot be changed at all within a session.
         The default is <literal>off</literal>.
-- 
2.31.0

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