I wrote:
> I think the bug here is that ADD COLUMN NOT NULL has to fail if
> there's not a default expression supplied (except maybe we could
> allow it if the table contains no rows).  ISTM we got this right
> in the past, wonder why it's not working now ...

Hm, we do get it right if PRIMARY KEY isn't in the picture:

regression=# create table t1 (f1 int);
CREATE TABLE
regression=# insert into t1 values(1);
INSERT 0 1
regression=# alter table t1 add column f2 int not null;
ERROR:  column "f2" contains null values

The above is correct, but if I now try

regression=# alter table t1 add column f2 int primary key;
NOTICE:  ALTER TABLE / ADD PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "t1_pkey" for 
table "t1"
ALTER TABLE
regression=# \d t1
      Table "public.t1"
 Column |  Type   | Modifiers 
--------+---------+-----------
 f1     | integer | 
 f2     | integer | not null
Indexes:
    "t1_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (f2)

So somehow the constraint-validation code isn't getting applied in
this case.  I suspect you'll find it's a pretty localized fix.

                        regards, tom lane

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