Attached is a patch that explicitly tracks allocated memory (the blocks,
not the chunks) for each memory context, as well as its children.

This is a prerequisite for memory-bounded HashAgg, which I intend to
submit for the next CF. Hashjoin tracks the tuple sizes that it adds to
the hash table, which is a good estimate for Hashjoin. But I don't think
it's as easy for Hashagg, for which we need to track transition values,
etc. (also, for HashAgg, I expect that the overhead will be more
significant than for Hashjoin). If we track the space used by the memory
contexts directly, it's easier and more accurate.

I did some simple pgbench select-only tests, and I didn't see any TPS
difference.

Regards,
        Jeff Davis

*** a/src/backend/utils/mmgr/aset.c
--- b/src/backend/utils/mmgr/aset.c
***************
*** 242,247 **** typedef struct AllocChunkData
--- 242,249 ----
  #define AllocChunkGetPointer(chk)	\
  					((AllocPointer)(((char *)(chk)) + ALLOC_CHUNKHDRSZ))
  
+ static void update_allocation(MemoryContext context, int64 size);
+ 
  /*
   * These functions implement the MemoryContext API for AllocSet contexts.
   */
***************
*** 500,505 **** AllocSetContextCreate(MemoryContext parent,
--- 502,510 ----
  					 errdetail("Failed while creating memory context \"%s\".",
  							   name)));
  		}
+ 
+ 		update_allocation((MemoryContext) context, blksize);
+ 
  		block->aset = context;
  		block->freeptr = ((char *) block) + ALLOC_BLOCKHDRSZ;
  		block->endptr = ((char *) block) + blksize;
***************
*** 590,595 **** AllocSetReset(MemoryContext context)
--- 595,601 ----
  		else
  		{
  			/* Normal case, release the block */
+ 			update_allocation(context, -(block->endptr - ((char*) block)));
  #ifdef CLOBBER_FREED_MEMORY
  			wipe_mem(block, block->freeptr - ((char *) block));
  #endif
***************
*** 632,637 **** AllocSetDelete(MemoryContext context)
--- 638,644 ----
  	{
  		AllocBlock	next = block->next;
  
+ 		update_allocation(context, -(block->endptr - ((char*) block)));
  #ifdef CLOBBER_FREED_MEMORY
  		wipe_mem(block, block->freeptr - ((char *) block));
  #endif
***************
*** 678,683 **** AllocSetAlloc(MemoryContext context, Size size)
--- 685,693 ----
  					 errmsg("out of memory"),
  					 errdetail("Failed on request of size %zu.", size)));
  		}
+ 
+ 		update_allocation(context, blksize);
+ 
  		block->aset = set;
  		block->freeptr = block->endptr = ((char *) block) + blksize;
  
***************
*** 873,878 **** AllocSetAlloc(MemoryContext context, Size size)
--- 883,890 ----
  					 errdetail("Failed on request of size %zu.", size)));
  		}
  
+ 		update_allocation(context, blksize);
+ 
  		block->aset = set;
  		block->freeptr = ((char *) block) + ALLOC_BLOCKHDRSZ;
  		block->endptr = ((char *) block) + blksize;
***************
*** 976,981 **** AllocSetFree(MemoryContext context, void *pointer)
--- 988,994 ----
  			set->blocks = block->next;
  		else
  			prevblock->next = block->next;
+ 		update_allocation(context, -(block->endptr - ((char*) block)));
  #ifdef CLOBBER_FREED_MEMORY
  		wipe_mem(block, block->freeptr - ((char *) block));
  #endif
***************
*** 1088,1093 **** AllocSetRealloc(MemoryContext context, void *pointer, Size size)
--- 1101,1107 ----
  		AllocBlock	prevblock = NULL;
  		Size		chksize;
  		Size		blksize;
+ 		Size		oldblksize;
  
  		while (block != NULL)
  		{
***************
*** 1105,1110 **** AllocSetRealloc(MemoryContext context, void *pointer, Size size)
--- 1119,1126 ----
  		/* Do the realloc */
  		chksize = MAXALIGN(size);
  		blksize = chksize + ALLOC_BLOCKHDRSZ + ALLOC_CHUNKHDRSZ;
+ 		oldblksize = block->endptr - ((char *)block);
+ 
  		block = (AllocBlock) realloc(block, blksize);
  		if (block == NULL)
  		{
***************
*** 1114,1119 **** AllocSetRealloc(MemoryContext context, void *pointer, Size size)
--- 1130,1136 ----
  					 errmsg("out of memory"),
  					 errdetail("Failed on request of size %zu.", size)));
  		}
+ 		update_allocation(context, blksize - oldblksize);
  		block->freeptr = block->endptr = ((char *) block) + blksize;
  
  		/* Update pointers since block has likely been moved */
***************
*** 1277,1282 **** AllocSetStats(MemoryContext context, int level)
--- 1294,1320 ----
  }
  
  
+ /*
+  * update_allocation
+  *
+  * Track newly-allocated or newly-freed memory (freed memory should be
+  * negative).
+  */
+ static void
+ update_allocation(MemoryContext context, int64 size)
+ {
+ 	MemoryContext parent;
+ 
+ 	context->self_allocated += size;
+ 
+ 	for (parent = context; parent != NULL; parent = parent->parent)
+ 	{
+ 		parent->total_allocated += size;
+ 		Assert(parent->self_allocated >= 0);
+ 		Assert(parent->total_allocated >= 0);
+ 	}
+ }
+ 
  #ifdef MEMORY_CONTEXT_CHECKING
  
  /*
*** a/src/backend/utils/mmgr/mcxt.c
--- b/src/backend/utils/mmgr/mcxt.c
***************
*** 324,329 **** MemoryContextAllowInCriticalSection(MemoryContext context, bool allow)
--- 324,344 ----
  }
  
  /*
+  * MemoryContextGetAllocated
+  *
+  * Return memory allocated by the system to this context. If total is true,
+  * include child contexts.
+  */
+ int64
+ MemoryContextGetAllocated(MemoryContext context, bool total)
+ {
+ 	if (total)
+ 		return context->total_allocated;
+ 	else
+ 		return context->self_allocated;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
   * GetMemoryChunkSpace
   *		Given a currently-allocated chunk, determine the total space
   *		it occupies (including all memory-allocation overhead).
***************
*** 576,581 **** MemoryContextCreate(NodeTag tag, Size size,
--- 591,598 ----
  	node->firstchild = NULL;
  	node->nextchild = NULL;
  	node->isReset = true;
+ 	node->total_allocated = 0;
+ 	node->self_allocated = 0;
  	node->name = ((char *) node) + size;
  	strcpy(node->name, name);
  
*** a/src/include/nodes/memnodes.h
--- b/src/include/nodes/memnodes.h
***************
*** 60,65 **** typedef struct MemoryContextData
--- 60,67 ----
  	MemoryContext nextchild;	/* next child of same parent */
  	char	   *name;			/* context name (just for debugging) */
  	bool		isReset;		/* T = no space alloced since last reset */
+ 	int64		total_allocated; /* including child contexts */
+ 	int64		self_allocated; /* not including child contexts */
  #ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
  	bool		allowInCritSection;	/* allow palloc in critical section */
  #endif
*** a/src/include/utils/memutils.h
--- b/src/include/utils/memutils.h
***************
*** 96,101 **** extern void MemoryContextDeleteChildren(MemoryContext context);
--- 96,102 ----
  extern void MemoryContextResetAndDeleteChildren(MemoryContext context);
  extern void MemoryContextSetParent(MemoryContext context,
  					   MemoryContext new_parent);
+ extern int64 MemoryContextGetAllocated(MemoryContext context, bool total);
  extern Size GetMemoryChunkSpace(void *pointer);
  extern MemoryContext GetMemoryChunkContext(void *pointer);
  extern MemoryContext MemoryContextGetParent(MemoryContext context);
-- 
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