I think the fopen or _open family of functions all map directly to the win32 API. They add a little cruft, which generally makes using them pointless, because you have less control over security, caching, and other such things when opening the file. There is the slight overhead of the extra call, and the conversion of the C handle to the win32 handle. However, all you get with the api is readfile() and writefile(), which means workhorses like fprintf() and especially fgets() and must be reimplemented (in lieu of using the C++ runtime).
> MS has always shipped the source code to their standard libraries on the > CD. However, the compiler source remains closed. This seems > insignificant, but sometimes functions are totally inlined within the > compiler (e.g. math functions like sin() and exp()). They have a special calling convention __dllspec(naked), which strips the function prolog and epilog and allows you to write your own in assembly. You can use that to write very fast functions when you don't trust the optimizer to inline your functions. I think your are correct some of the math functions are written this way. Merlin ---------------------------(end of broadcast)--------------------------- TIP 2: you can get off all lists at once with the unregister command (send "unregister YourEmailAddressHere" to [EMAIL PROTECTED])