Attached please find rebased version of the patch.
Now "projection" attribute is used instead of surjective/injective.
--
Konstantin Knizhnik
Postgres Professional: http://www.postgrespro.com
The Russian Postgres Company
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_index.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_index.sgml
index 83ee7d3..b221c18 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_index.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_index.sgml
@@ -294,8 +294,33 @@ CREATE [ UNIQUE ] INDEX [ CONCURRENTLY ] [ [ IF NOT EXISTS ] <replaceable class=
<para>
The optional <literal>WITH</> clause specifies <firstterm>storage
parameters</> for the index. Each index method has its own set of allowed
- storage parameters. The B-tree, hash, GiST and SP-GiST index methods all
- accept this parameter:
+ storage parameters. All indexes accept the following parameter:
+ </para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>projection</></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Functional index is based on on projection function: function which extract subset of its argument.
+ In mathematic such functions are called non-injective. For injective function if any attribute used in the indexed
+ expression is changed, then value of index expression is also changed. So to check that index is affected by the
+ update, it is enough to check the set of changed fields. By default this parameters is assigned true value and function is considered
+ as non-injective.
+ In this case change of any of indexed key doesn't mean that value of the function is changed. For example, for
+ the expression expression<literal>(bookinfo->>'isbn')</literal> defined
+ for column of JSON type is changed only when ISBN is changed, which rarely happen. The same is true for most
+ functional indexes. For non-injective functions, Postgres compares values of indexed expression for old and updated tuple and updates
+ index only when function results are different. It allows to eliminate index update and use HOT update.
+ But there are extra evaluations of the functions. So if function is expensive or probability that change of indexed column will not effect
+ the function value is small, then marking index as projection may increase update speed.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ <para>
+ The B-tree, hash, GiST and SP-GiST index methods all accept this parameter:
</para>
<variablelist>
diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/reloptions.c b/src/backend/access/common/reloptions.c
index 6d1f22f..509c647 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/reloptions.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/reloptions.c
@@ -130,6 +130,15 @@ static relopt_bool boolRelOpts[] =
},
{
{
+ "projection",
+ "Evaluate functional index expression on update to check if its values is changed",
+ RELOPT_KIND_INDEX,
+ AccessExclusiveLock
+ },
+ true
+ },
+ {
+ {
"security_barrier",
"View acts as a row security barrier",
RELOPT_KIND_VIEW,
@@ -1301,7 +1310,7 @@ fillRelOptions(void *rdopts, Size basesize,
break;
}
}
- if (validate && !found)
+ if (validate && !found && options[i].gen->kinds != RELOPT_KIND_INDEX)
elog(ERROR, "reloption \"%s\" not found in parse table",
options[i].gen->name);
}
diff --git a/src/backend/access/heap/heapam.c b/src/backend/access/heap/heapam.c
index e890e08..2be99ab 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/heap/heapam.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/heap/heapam.c
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@
#include "access/xlogutils.h"
#include "catalog/catalog.h"
#include "catalog/namespace.h"
+#include "catalog/index.h"
#include "miscadmin.h"
#include "pgstat.h"
#include "storage/bufmgr.h"
@@ -73,7 +74,9 @@
#include "utils/snapmgr.h"
#include "utils/syscache.h"
#include "utils/tqual.h"
-
+#include "utils/memutils.h"
+#include "nodes/execnodes.h"
+#include "executor/executor.h"
/* GUC variable */
bool synchronize_seqscans = true;
@@ -124,6 +127,7 @@ static bool ConditionalMultiXactIdWait(MultiXactId multi, MultiXactStatus status
static XLogRecPtr log_heap_new_cid(Relation relation, HeapTuple tup);
static HeapTuple ExtractReplicaIdentity(Relation rel, HeapTuple tup, bool key_modified,
bool *copy);
+static bool ProjectionIsNotChanged(Relation relation, HeapTuple oldtup, HeapTuple newtup);
/*
@@ -3533,8 +3537,6 @@ heap_update(Relation relation, ItemPointer otid, HeapTuple newtup,
key_attrs = RelationGetIndexAttrBitmap(relation, INDEX_ATTR_BITMAP_KEY);
id_attrs = RelationGetIndexAttrBitmap(relation,
INDEX_ATTR_BITMAP_IDENTITY_KEY);
-
-
block = ItemPointerGetBlockNumber(otid);
buffer = ReadBuffer(relation, block);
page = BufferGetPage(buffer);
@@ -4161,8 +4163,12 @@ l2:
* changed. If the page was already full, we may have skipped checking
* for index columns. If so, HOT update is possible.
*/
- if (hot_attrs_checked && !bms_overlap(modified_attrs, hot_attrs))
+ if (hot_attrs_checked
+ && !bms_overlap(modified_attrs, hot_attrs)
+ && (!relation->rd_projection || ProjectionIsNotChanged(relation, &oldtup, newtup)))
+ {
use_hot_update = true;
+ }
}
else
{
@@ -4199,6 +4205,7 @@ l2:
if (use_hot_update)
{
+ elog(DEBUG1, "Use hot update");
/* Mark the old tuple as HOT-updated */
HeapTupleSetHotUpdated(&oldtup);
/* And mark the new tuple as heap-only */
@@ -4411,6 +4418,81 @@ heap_tuple_attr_equals(TupleDesc tupdesc, int attrnum,
}
/*
+ * For functional projection index compare new and old values of indexed expression.
+ * This function is used instead of comparison of modified attributes sets for non-injective functions.
+ */
+static bool ProjectionIsNotChanged(Relation relation, HeapTuple oldtup, HeapTuple newtup)
+{
+ ListCell *l;
+ List *indexoidlist = RelationGetIndexList(relation);
+ EState *estate = CreateExecutorState();
+ ExprContext *econtext = GetPerTupleExprContext(estate);
+ TupleTableSlot *slot = MakeSingleTupleTableSlot(RelationGetDescr(relation));
+ bool equals = true;
+ Datum old_values[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ bool old_isnull[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ Datum new_values[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ bool new_isnull[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+
+ econtext->ecxt_scantuple = slot;
+
+ foreach(l, indexoidlist)
+ {
+ Oid indexOid = lfirst_oid(l);
+ Relation indexDesc = index_open(indexOid, AccessShareLock);
+ IndexInfo *indexInfo = BuildIndexInfo(indexDesc);
+ int i;
+
+ if (indexInfo->ii_Projection)
+ {
+ ResetExprContext(econtext);
+ ExecStoreTuple(oldtup, slot, InvalidBuffer, false);
+ FormIndexDatum(indexInfo,
+ slot,
+ estate,
+ old_values,
+ old_isnull);
+
+ ExecStoreTuple(newtup, slot, InvalidBuffer, false);
+ FormIndexDatum(indexInfo,
+ slot,
+ estate,
+ new_values,
+ new_isnull);
+
+ for (i = 0; i < indexInfo->ii_NumIndexAttrs; i++)
+ {
+ if (old_isnull[i] != new_isnull[i])
+ {
+ equals = false;
+ break;
+ }
+ else if (!old_isnull[i])
+ {
+ Form_pg_attribute att = RelationGetDescr(indexDesc)->attrs[i];
+ if (!datumIsEqual(old_values[i], new_values[i], att->attbyval, att->attlen))
+ {
+ equals = false;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ index_close(indexDesc, AccessShareLock);
+
+ if (!equals)
+ {
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ ExecDropSingleTupleTableSlot(slot);
+ FreeExecutorState(estate);
+
+ return equals;
+}
+
+
+/*
* Check which columns are being updated.
*
* Given an updated tuple, determine (and return into the output bitmapset),
@@ -4435,7 +4517,6 @@ HeapDetermineModifiedColumns(Relation relation, Bitmapset *interesting_cols,
modified = bms_add_member(modified,
attnum - FirstLowInvalidHeapAttributeNumber);
}
-
return modified;
}
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index dde8dd3..e06927a 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
#include "access/amapi.h"
#include "access/multixact.h"
#include "access/relscan.h"
+#include "access/reloptions.h"
#include "access/sysattr.h"
#include "access/transam.h"
#include "access/visibilitymap.h"
@@ -86,6 +87,13 @@ typedef struct
tups_inserted;
} v_i_state;
+/* options common to all indexes */
+typedef struct
+{
+ int32 vl_len_;
+ bool projection;
+} index_options;
+
/* non-export function prototypes */
static bool relationHasPrimaryKey(Relation rel);
static TupleDesc ConstructTupleDescriptor(Relation heapRelation,
@@ -1676,6 +1684,40 @@ BuildIndexInfo(Relation index)
ii->ii_ExclusionStrats = NULL;
}
+ if (ii->ii_Expressions)
+ {
+ HeapTuple tuple;
+ Datum reloptions;
+ bool isnull;
+
+ ii->ii_Projection = true; /* by default functional index is considered as non-injective */
+
+ tuple = SearchSysCache1(RELOID, ObjectIdGetDatum(RelationGetRelid(index)));
+ if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tuple))
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for relation %u", RelationGetRelid(index));
+
+ reloptions = SysCacheGetAttr(RELOID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_class_reloptions, &isnull);
+ if (!isnull)
+ {
+ static const relopt_parse_elt tab[] = {
+ {"projection", RELOPT_TYPE_BOOL, offsetof(index_options, projection)}
+ };
+ int numoptions;
+ relopt_value *options = parseRelOptions(reloptions, false,
+ RELOPT_KIND_INDEX,
+ &numoptions);
+ if (numoptions != 0)
+ {
+ index_options optstruct;
+ fillRelOptions((void *)&optstruct, sizeof(bool), options, numoptions, false, tab, lengthof(tab));
+ ii->ii_Projection = optstruct.projection;
+ pfree(options);
+ }
+ }
+ ReleaseSysCache(tuple);
+ }
+
/* other info */
ii->ii_Unique = indexStruct->indisunique;
ii->ii_ReadyForInserts = IndexIsReady(indexStruct);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index c2e8361..4b85c4b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4854,6 +4854,7 @@ RelationGetIndexAttrBitmap(Relation relation, IndexAttrBitmapKind attrKind)
List *newindexoidlist;
Oid relpkindex;
Oid relreplindex;
+ bool projection = false;
ListCell *l;
MemoryContext oldcxt;
@@ -4963,9 +4964,15 @@ restart:
}
}
- /* Collect all attributes used in expressions, too */
- pull_varattnos((Node *) indexInfo->ii_Expressions, 1, &indexattrs);
-
+ if (indexInfo->ii_Projection)
+ {
+ projection = true;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Collect all attributes used in expressions, too */
+ pull_varattnos((Node *) indexInfo->ii_Expressions, 1, &indexattrs);
+ }
/* Collect all attributes in the index predicate, too */
pull_varattnos((Node *) indexInfo->ii_Predicate, 1, &indexattrs);
@@ -5010,6 +5017,8 @@ restart:
bms_free(relation->rd_idattr);
relation->rd_idattr = NULL;
+ relation->rd_projection = projection;
+
/*
* Now save copies of the bitmaps in the relcache entry. We intentionally
* set rd_indexattr last, because that's the one that signals validity of
diff --git a/src/bin/psql/tab-complete.c b/src/bin/psql/tab-complete.c
index d4b6976..8c1b2a6 100644
--- a/src/bin/psql/tab-complete.c
+++ b/src/bin/psql/tab-complete.c
@@ -1661,11 +1661,11 @@ psql_completion(const char *text, int start, int end)
COMPLETE_WITH_CONST("(");
/* ALTER INDEX <foo> SET|RESET ( */
else if (Matches5("ALTER", "INDEX", MatchAny, "RESET", "("))
- COMPLETE_WITH_LIST3("fillfactor", "fastupdate",
- "gin_pending_list_limit");
+ COMPLETE_WITH_LIST4("fillfactor", "fastupdate",
+ "gin_pending_list_limit", "projection");
else if (Matches5("ALTER", "INDEX", MatchAny, "SET", "("))
- COMPLETE_WITH_LIST3("fillfactor =", "fastupdate =",
- "gin_pending_list_limit =");
+ COMPLETE_WITH_LIST4("fillfactor =", "fastupdate =",
+ "gin_pending_list_limit =", "projection = ");
/* ALTER LANGUAGE <name> */
else if (Matches3("ALTER", "LANGUAGE", MatchAny))
diff --git a/src/include/access/reloptions.h b/src/include/access/reloptions.h
index 91b2cd7..1fba0f0 100644
--- a/src/include/access/reloptions.h
+++ b/src/include/access/reloptions.h
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ typedef enum relopt_kind
RELOPT_KIND_PARTITIONED = (1 << 11),
/* if you add a new kind, make sure you update "last_default" too */
RELOPT_KIND_LAST_DEFAULT = RELOPT_KIND_PARTITIONED,
+ RELOPT_KIND_INDEX = RELOPT_KIND_BTREE|RELOPT_KIND_HASH|RELOPT_KIND_GIN|RELOPT_KIND_SPGIST,
/* some compilers treat enums as signed ints, so we can't use 1 << 31 */
RELOPT_KIND_MAX = (1 << 30)
} relopt_kind;
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/execnodes.h b/src/include/nodes/execnodes.h
index d33392f..509dd2b 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/execnodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/execnodes.h
@@ -147,6 +147,7 @@ typedef struct IndexInfo
bool ii_ReadyForInserts;
bool ii_Concurrent;
bool ii_BrokenHotChain;
+ bool ii_Projection;
void *ii_AmCache;
MemoryContext ii_Context;
} IndexInfo;
diff --git a/src/include/utils/rel.h b/src/include/utils/rel.h
index 8476896..2c5ad7b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/rel.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/rel.h
@@ -125,6 +125,8 @@ typedef struct RelationData
List *rd_fkeylist; /* list of ForeignKeyCacheInfo (see below) */
bool rd_fkeyvalid; /* true if list has been computed */
+ bool rd_projection; /* relation contains functional index with non-injective function */
+
MemoryContext rd_partkeycxt; /* private memory cxt for the below */
struct PartitionKeyData *rd_partkey; /* partition key, or NULL */
MemoryContext rd_pdcxt; /* private context for partdesc */
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/func_index.out b/src/test/regress/expected/func_index.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..06f0de9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/func_index.out
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+create table keyvalue(id integer primary key, info jsonb);
+create index nameindex on keyvalue((info->>'name')) with (projection=false);
+set client_min_messages=debug1;
+insert into keyvalue values (1, '{"name": "john", "data": "some data"}');
+update keyvalue set info='{"name": "john", "data": "some other data"}' where id=1;
+set client_min_messages=notice;
+drop table keyvalue;
+create table keyvalue(id integer primary key, info jsonb);
+create index nameindex on keyvalue((info->>'name')) with (projection=true);
+set client_min_messages=debug1;
+insert into keyvalue values (1, '{"name": "john", "data": "some data"}');
+update keyvalue set info='{"name": "john", "data": "some other data"}' where id=1;
+DEBUG: Use hot update
+update keyvalue set info='{"name": "smith", "data": "some other data"}' where id=1;
+update keyvalue set info='{"name": "smith", "data": "some more data"}' where id=1;
+DEBUG: Use hot update
+set client_min_messages=notice;
+drop table keyvalue;
+create table keyvalue(id integer primary key, info jsonb);
+create index nameindex on keyvalue((info->>'name'));
+set client_min_messages=debug1;
+insert into keyvalue values (1, '{"name": "john", "data": "some data"}');
+update keyvalue set info='{"name": "john", "data": "some other data"}' where id=1;
+DEBUG: Use hot update
+update keyvalue set info='{"name": "smith", "data": "some other data"}' where id=1;
+update keyvalue set info='{"name": "smith", "data": "some more data"}' where id=1;
+DEBUG: Use hot update
+set client_min_messages=notice;
+drop table keyvalue;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 1f8f098..06fd9aa 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ ignore: random
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: select_into select_distinct select_distinct_on select_implicit select_having subselect union case join aggregates transactions random portals arrays btree_index hash_index update namespace prepared_xacts delete
+test: select_into select_distinct select_distinct_on select_implicit select_having subselect union case join aggregates transactions random portals arrays btree_index hash_index func_index update namespace prepared_xacts delete
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 04206c3..4f8b460 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -98,6 +98,7 @@ test: portals
test: arrays
test: btree_index
test: hash_index
+test: func_index
test: update
test: delete
test: namespace
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/func_index.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/func_index.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9540c07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/func_index.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+create table keyvalue(id integer primary key, info jsonb);
+create index nameindex on keyvalue((info->>'name')) with (projection=false);
+set client_min_messages=debug1;
+insert into keyvalue values (1, '{"name": "john", "data": "some data"}');
+update keyvalue set info='{"name": "john", "data": "some other data"}' where id=1;
+set client_min_messages=notice;
+drop table keyvalue;
+
+create table keyvalue(id integer primary key, info jsonb);
+create index nameindex on keyvalue((info->>'name')) with (projection=true);
+set client_min_messages=debug1;
+insert into keyvalue values (1, '{"name": "john", "data": "some data"}');
+update keyvalue set info='{"name": "john", "data": "some other data"}' where id=1;
+update keyvalue set info='{"name": "smith", "data": "some other data"}' where id=1;
+update keyvalue set info='{"name": "smith", "data": "some more data"}' where id=1;
+set client_min_messages=notice;
+drop table keyvalue;
+
+create table keyvalue(id integer primary key, info jsonb);
+create index nameindex on keyvalue((info->>'name'));
+set client_min_messages=debug1;
+insert into keyvalue values (1, '{"name": "john", "data": "some data"}');
+update keyvalue set info='{"name": "john", "data": "some other data"}' where id=1;
+update keyvalue set info='{"name": "smith", "data": "some other data"}' where id=1;
+update keyvalue set info='{"name": "smith", "data": "some more data"}' where id=1;
+set client_min_messages=notice;
+drop table keyvalue;
+
+
--
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