Attached is the new patch.  To summarize:

  - new function justify_interval(interval)
  - modified function justify_hours(interval)
  - modified function justify_days(interval)

These functions are defined to meet the requirements as discussed in this thread. Specifically:

  - justify_hours makes certain the sign bit on the hours
    matches the sign bit on the days.  It only checks the
    sign bit on the days, and not the months, when
    determining if the hours should be positive or negative.
    After the call, -24 < hours < 24.

  - justify_days makes certain the sign bit on the days
    matches the sign bit on the months.  It's behavior does
    not depend on the hours, nor does it modify the hours.
    After the call, -30 < days < 30.

  - justify_interval makes sure the sign bits on all three
    fields months, days, and hours are all the same.  After
    the call, -24 < hours < 24 AND -30 < days < 30.

'make check' passes all tests. There are no tests for justify_interval, as it is new. But the existing tests for justify_hours and justify_days appear to still work, even though the behavior has changed. Apparently, their test cases are not sensitive to the particular changes that have occurred.

I would include new tests in the patch but do not know on which reference machine/platform the patches are supposed to be generated.

mark
Index: src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
===================================================================
RCS file: /projects/cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c,v
retrieving revision 1.160
diff --context -r1.160 timestamp.c
*** src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c   22 Nov 2005 22:30:33 -0000      1.160
--- src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c   3 Mar 2006 20:23:26 -0000
***************
*** 1975,1980 ****
--- 1975,2054 ----
  }
  
  /*
+  *  interval_justify_interval()
+  *
+  *  Adjust interval so 'month', 'day', and 'time' portions are within
+  *  customary bounds.  Specifically:
+  *
+  *    0 <= abs(time) < 24 hours
+  *    0 <= abs(day)  < 30 days
+  *
+  *  Also, the sign bit on all three fields is made equal, so either
+  *  all three fields are negative or all are positive.
+  */
+ Datum
+ interval_justify_interval(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+ {
+       Interval   *span = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
+       Interval   *result;
+       
+ #ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
+       int64           wholeday;
+ #else
+       double          wholeday;
+ #endif
+       int32           wholemonth;
+ 
+       result = (Interval *) palloc(sizeof(Interval));
+       result->month = span->month;
+       result->day = span->day;
+       result->time = span->time;
+ 
+ #ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
+       TMODULO(result->time, wholeday, USECS_PER_DAY);
+ #else
+       TMODULO(result->time, wholeday, (double) SECS_PER_DAY);
+ #endif
+       result->day += wholeday;        /* could overflow... */
+ 
+       wholemonth = result->day / DAYS_PER_MONTH;
+       result->day -= wholemonth * DAYS_PER_MONTH;
+       result->month += wholemonth;
+ 
+       if (result->month < 0 && result->day > 0)
+       {
+               result->day -= DAYS_PER_MONTH;
+               result->month++;
+       }
+       else if (result->month > 0 && result->day < 0)
+       {
+               result->day += DAYS_PER_MONTH;
+               result->month--;
+       }
+ 
+       if (result->time < 0 && result->day > 0)
+       {
+ #ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
+               result->time += USECS_PER_DAY;
+ #else
+               result->time += (double) SECS_PER_DAY;
+ #endif
+               result->day--;
+       }
+       else if (result->time > 0 && result->day < 0)
+       {
+ #ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
+               result->time -= USECS_PER_DAY;
+ #else
+               result->time -= (double) SECS_PER_DAY;
+ #endif
+               result->day++;
+       }
+ 
+       PG_RETURN_INTERVAL_P(result);
+ }
+ 
+ /*
   *    interval_justify_hours()
   *
   *    Adjust interval so 'time' contains less than a whole day, adding
***************
*** 2006,2011 ****
--- 2080,2104 ----
  #endif
        result->day += wholeday;        /* could overflow... */
  
+       if (result->time < 0 && result->day > 0)
+       {
+ #ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
+               result->time += USECS_PER_DAY;
+ #else
+               result->time += (double) SECS_PER_DAY;
+ #endif
+               result->day--;
+       }
+       else if (result->time > 0 && result->day < 0)
+       {
+ #ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
+               result->time -= USECS_PER_DAY;
+ #else
+               result->time -= (double) SECS_PER_DAY;
+ #endif
+               result->day++;
+       }
+ 
        PG_RETURN_INTERVAL_P(result);
  }
  
***************
*** 2031,2036 ****
--- 2124,2140 ----
        result->day -= wholemonth * DAYS_PER_MONTH;
        result->month += wholemonth;
  
+       if (result->month < 0 && result->day > 0)
+       {
+               result->day -= DAYS_PER_MONTH;
+               result->month++;
+       }
+       else if (result->month > 0 && result->day < 0)
+       {
+               result->day += DAYS_PER_MONTH;
+               result->month--;
+       }
+ 
        PG_RETURN_INTERVAL_P(result);
  }
  
Index: src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h
===================================================================
RCS file: /projects/cvsroot/pgsql/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h,v
retrieving revision 1.399
diff --context -r1.399 pg_proc.h
*** src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h       28 Feb 2006 22:37:26 -0000      1.399
--- src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h       3 Mar 2006 20:23:27 -0000
***************
*** 1462,1467 ****
--- 1462,1469 ----
  DESCR("convert abstime to timestamp with time zone");
  DATA(insert OID = 1174 (  timestamptz    PGNSP PGUID 12 f f t f s 1 1184 
"1082" _null_ _null_ _null_  date_timestamptz - _null_ ));
  DESCR("convert date to timestamp with time zone");
+ DATA(insert OID = 2711 (  justify_interval PGNSP PGUID 12 f f t f i 1 1186 
"1186" _null_ _null_ _null_        interval_justify_interval - _null_ ));
+ DESCR("promote groups of 24 hours to numbers of days and promote groups of 30 
days to numbers of months");
  DATA(insert OID = 1175 (  justify_hours    PGNSP PGUID 12 f f t f i 1 1186 
"1186" _null_ _null_ _null_        interval_justify_hours - _null_ ));
  DESCR("promote groups of 24 hours to numbers of days");
  DATA(insert OID = 1295 (  justify_days           PGNSP PGUID 12 f f t f i 1 
1186 "1186" _null_ _null_ _null_  interval_justify_days - _null_ ));
Index: src/include/utils/timestamp.h
===================================================================
RCS file: /projects/cvsroot/pgsql/src/include/utils/timestamp.h,v
retrieving revision 1.57
diff --context -r1.57 timestamp.h
*** src/include/utils/timestamp.h       15 Oct 2005 02:49:46 -0000      1.57
--- src/include/utils/timestamp.h       3 Mar 2006 20:23:27 -0000
***************
*** 234,239 ****
--- 234,240 ----
  extern Datum interval_hash(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
  extern Datum interval_smaller(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
  extern Datum interval_larger(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
+ extern Datum interval_justify_interval(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
  extern Datum interval_justify_hours(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
  extern Datum interval_justify_days(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
  
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