create table xyz ( field_foo char(1) check (field_foo in 'y', 'n'), foo_detail varchar(255), check ( case when field_foo='y' and foo_detail is null then false else true end ) );
A simpler check would be :
CHECK( (field_foo = 'y' AND foo_detail IS NOT NULL) OR ( (field_foo = 'n' OR field_foo IS NULL) AND foo_detail IS NULL) )
Which means " field_foo can be y, n, or NULL, and foo_detail should be null except if field_foo is 'y' "
Also, IMHO, the Y/N/unknown case should have three values, NULL meaning 'the user has not answered this question'. Because if you insert a blank row in the table and fill it afterwards, you'll know if it was 'answered unknown' or 'unanswered'.
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