Thanks to Cyril who told me it was possible, I got Pharo 7 Unix running under the Ubuntu 18 that's part of Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) in Windows 10. It's not a VM VirtualBox.
I documented the install steps on my new blog that uses Jekyll and github pages, which actually took longer to set up than the Pharo under WSL :) The Mesa install step on the blog might be useful for documenting how to get Pharo 7 to work in Ubuntu 18? https://fuhrmanator.github.io/Pharo-in-WSL/